Chapter 13 - Part 2

Question 1

true or false: the presence of other people has no influence on our behaviour

Answer 1

FALSE: the presence of other people influences our behaviour

Question 2

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 2

when the responsibility for taking action is spread across more than one person, thus making no single individual feel personally responsible

Question 3

bystander effect

Answer 3

when the present of other people actually reduces the likelihood of helping someone

Question 4

pluralistic ignorance

Answer 4

when there is a disjunction between the private beliefs of individuals and the public behaviour they display to others

Question 5

how can pluralistic ignorance explain why revolutions happen so suddenly?

Answer 5

because dictators create a social norm in the oppressed

Question 6

in group

Answer 6

groups we feel positively toward and identify with

Question 7

out group

Answer 7

“other” groups that we don’t identify with

Question 8

ethnocentrism

Answer 8

the belief that ones own ethnic group, nation or religion is superior to all others

Question 9

stereotype

Answer 9

a set of beliefs about the characteristics that are held by members of a specific social group; these beliefs function as schemas, serving the guide how we process information about our social world

Question 10

stereotypes allow us to….?

Answer 10

• quickly process new information
• helps us retrieve memories
• allow us to organize experience
• make sense of differences among individuals and groups
• predict how people will behave

Question 11

how do stereotypes distort reality?

Answer 11

• exaggerate differences between groups
• produce selective perception
• underestimate differences within other groups

Question 12

benevolent sexism

Answer 12

• “virtuous women”

- “the fairer sex”

Question 13

prejudice

Answer 13

an emotionally driven process involving negative attitudes toward, and critical judgements of other groups

Question 14

discrimination

Answer 14

behaviour that disfavours or disadvantages members of a certain social group in some way

Question 15

origins of prejudice

Answer 15

social psychologists used to think that only deranged people could be prejudiced (they were thinking of hitler)

Question 16

what are the 3 functions of prejudice?

Answer 16

1) psychological - focuses negative feelings onto the target group; wards of self-doubt
2) sociocultural - bonds people to the in-group
3) economic - justifies the majority groups financial and structure advantages

Question 17

implicit association test

Answer 17

• used for detecting subtle (implicit) prejudice
• measures of unconscious associations with target group
• manipulate whether goo and bad words are on the same side as black or white images

Question 18

true or false: for the implicit association test, faster responses for positive words are grouped with white faces, and when negative words are grouped with black faces

Answer 18

true

Question 19

contact hypothesis

Answer 19

prejudice declines when people have the chance to get used to one another rules food music customs etc.