Psychological Disorders Part 1

Question 1

trepanation

Answer 1

drilling holes in the head in order to release the demons causing ‘abnormal’ behaviour

Question 2

malleus maleficarum

Answer 2

“hammer of the witches”

- a 1486 German text containing instructions for identifying witches, such as looking for the “Devils mark” on the body

Question 3

5 other medieval cures

Answer 3

• starved
• flogged
• immersion in boiling water or oil
• exorcism
• but, madness included ailments that we now know are physical, such as epilepsy

Question 4

asylums

Answer 4

residential facilities for the mentally ill, often applying brutal treatments

Question 5

what was the first psychiatric hospital

Answer 5

bethlam royal

Question 6

medical model

Answer 6

treating psychological conditions as sets of symptoms, causes and outcomes, with treatments aimed at changing physiological processes in order to alleviate symptoms

Question 7

maladaptive

Answer 7

behaviour that causes distress to oneself or others, impairs day to day functioning, or increases the risk of injury or harm to oneself or others

Question 8

diagnostic statistical manual of mental disorders

Answer 8

a standardized manual to aid in the diagnosis of disorders; it lists diagnostic criteria and etiologies for different conditions

Question 9

etiologies

Answer 9

causes

Question 10

what was the previous classification system?

Answer 10

person was evaluated o 5 dimensions or axes

Question 11

what were the 5 axes of the previous classification system?

Answer 11

1) Axis I: major mental disorder
2) Axis II: Personality disorders or mental retardation
3) Axis III: Relevant medical conditions
4) Axis IV: understanding the social, environmental and cultural context
5) Axis V: Rating (from 1-100) of current level of psychological, social and occupational functioning

Question 12

what are the 3 pieces of info that the DSM-V contains?

Answer 12

1) set of symptoms and the number of symptoms that must be met in order to have the disorder
2) etiology of symptoms
3) a prognosis or prediction of how these symptoms will persist or change over time

Question 13

advantages to the DSM

Answer 13

reliability, attention to culture-bound syndromes, and attention to genetic and biological factors

Question 14

disadvantages to the DSM

Answer 14

unclear rationale for the number f symptoms necessary for diagnosis, potential stigma of labels and over diagnosis of conditions

Question 15

insanity

Answer 15

a legal concept not directly related to psychological diagnoses or treatment

Question 16

mental disorder defense

Answer 16

a legal defence claiming that the defendant was in such an extreme, abnormal state of mind when committing the crime that he or she could not discern that the actions were legally or morally wrong