Module 9.1 - Measuring Intelligence

Question 1

what did sir francis galton believe?

Answer 1

that superior sensory abilities led to a superior understanding of the world

Question 2

what did francis galton create?

Answer 2

17 sensory tests (similar to absolute thresholds)

Question 3

anthropometrics

Answer 3

methods of measuring physical and mental variation in humans

Question 4

alfred binet

Answer 4

french researcher who assumed that intelligence should more complex abilities such as attention, memory and comprehension

Question 5

intelligence

Answer 5

the ability to think, understand and adapt to or overcome obstacles

Question 6

binet-simon test

Answer 6

binet and theodore simon developed an intelligence test to identifty studnt who need specialized education using 30 tasks including defining words, making sentences out of specific words and reproducing drawings

Question 7

mental age

Answer 7

the average intellecutal ability score for children of a specific age

Question 8

stanford-binet test

Answer 8

an intelligence test intended to measure innate levels of intelligence

Question 9

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Answer 9

IQ is calculated by taking a persons mental age, dividing it by his chronological age, and then multpipying it by 100

Question 10

(MA/CA)*100 = ______

Answer 10

IQ score

Question 11

what would all average childrens IQ score be? why?

Answer 11

100 because MA=CA

Question 12

Wechsler Adult Intelligence scales (WAIS)

Answer 12

provides a full scale IQ score as well as 2 subscales

Question 13

what are the 2 subscales of WAIS?

Answer 13

1) general ability index (GAI)

2) cognitive proficiency index (CPI)

Question 14

general ability index (gai)

Answer 14

examines comprehension and reasoning without examining processing speed

Question 15

cognitive proficiency index (cpi)

Answer 15

working memory and processing speed tasks. these abilities allow more cognitive resources to be directed toward reasoning

Question 16

the average IQ score is ____ with a standard deviation of ____

Answer 16

100, 15

Question 17

ravens progressive matrices

Answer 17

an intelligence test that is based on pictures, not words, thus making it relatively unaffected by language or cultural background

Question 18

what did galton conclude?

Answer 18

that eminence ran in families, which he believed was due to “good breeding”

Question 19

40% of immigrants were classified as what?

Answer 19

“feeble-minded”

Question 20

eugenics

Answer 20

encouraging breeding between people with particular traits and discouraging breeding between those without these traits (e.g., people with low IQs)

Question 21

true or false: some of early eugenicists meant well

Answer 21

true, forced sterilization meant that weaker characteristics would be “bred out” of the population

Question 22

what became bad about eugenics?

Answer 22

tinged with racism (bad science, can lead to bad outcomes)

Question 23

according to the bell curve by herrstein and murray, society consists of what 2 types of people?

Answer 23

cognitive elite and the less intelligent

Question 24

true or false: herrstein and murray believed that those with low IQS should be helped by programs such as Had start, affirmative action programs or scholarships for members of visible minorities

Answer 24

FALSE: herrstein and murray believed that those with low IQS should not be helped by programs such as Had start, affirmative action programs or scholarships for members of visible minorities

Question 25

true or false: herrstein and murray believed that the system should allow people with the most merit to rise to the top, even if they ended up disproportionately of certain cultural or ethnic backgrounds

Answer 25

true

Question 26

what are 3 reasons why even unbiased tests often produced “race differences”

Answer 26

1) familiarity with standardized tests
2) motivation to do well on test
3) discomfort with formal testing environments

Question 27

stereotype threat

Answer 27

when negative stereotypes about a group cause group members to under perform on ability tests

Question 28

what 4 things are influenced by stereotype threat

Answer 28

1) sex differences
2) ethnic “minorities”
3) elderly
4) poor

Question 29

how does stereotype threat increase arousal

Answer 29

because individuals are concerned that a poor performance may reflect poorly on their group

Question 30

how does stereotype threat increase self-focused thoughts

Answer 30

leaves fewer cognitive resources for the test itself

Question 31

how does stereotype threat increase inhibition (the tendency for people to actively try to inhibit negative thoughts they may have)

Answer 31

this reduces the cognitive resources available for the test

Question 32

entity theory

Answer 32

the belief that intelligence is a fixed characteristic and relatively difficult (or impossible) to change

Question 33

incremental theory

Answer 33

the belief that intelligence can be shaped by experiences, practice and effort

Question 34

what 2 things can be influenced by beliefs about the stability of intelligence?

Answer 34

academic performance and behaviours

Question 35

true or false: in one study, students were given 476 general knowledge questions. those with entity beliefs were more likely to give up when faced with challenging questions or negative feedback

Answer 35

true

Question 36

true or false: according to surveys, asian parents, teachers and students are more likely to believe math ability comes from studying

Answer 36

true

Question 37

true or false: according to surveys, north americans are less likely to view ability as innate

Answer 37

FALSE: according to surveys, north americans are more likely to view ability as innate

Question 38

true or false: according to surveys, north american parents had lower academic standards for kids

Answer 38

true

Question 39

true or false: according to surveys, asian children value education less

Answer 39

FALSE: according to surveys, north american children value education less