Psych unit 2 (shortened)

Question 1

Spinal cord

Answer 1

carries sensory and motor info from body to brain

Question 2

Brain stem

Answer 2

oldest part of brain; located just above the spinal cord; responsible for regulating all basic body functions such as heartbeat, breathing, etc. (part of brain that keeps us alive)

Question 3

Medulla oblongata

Answer 3

regulates basic survival functions, i.e. heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, digestion

Question 4

Pons/reticular formation

Answer 4

acts as a connector between medulla and cerebellum; responsible for certain movements such as swallowing, facial expressions, and bladder control, etc.

Question 5

Reticular formation

Answer 5

arousal and sleep cycles

Question 6

Cerebellum

Answer 6

located at base of brain; known as “little brain”; responsible for balance, coordination and fine motor movements

Question 7

Thalamus

Answer 7

relay station; receives sensory information from the body and sends to the appropriate receiving part of the brain

Question 8

Limbic system

Answer 8

part of brain made up of hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus and pituitary gland

Question 9

Hypothalamus

Answer 9

controls autonomic functions – our body’s thermostat. Regulates the following: body temperature, hunger, thirst, sex drive; signals the pituitary gland to work- endocrine system

Question 10

Amygdala

Answer 10

pea shaped structures linked to emotion - aggression and fear; “fight or flight” response

Question 11

Hippocampus

Answer 11

enables formation of new long-term memories by transferring them from short term memory

Question 12

Pituitary gland

Answer 12

known as “master gland”; produces stimulating hormones that promote secretion by other glands

Question 13

Pineal gland

Answer 13

–part of endocrine gland that produces melatonin that helps regulate circadian rhythms

Question 14

Corpus Callosum

Answer 14

connects the two hemispheres allowing them to communicate with each other

Question 15

Cingulate gyrus

Answer 15

part of limbic system important in linking behavioral outcomes to motivation

Question 16

Basal ganglia

Answer 16

regulates initiation of movements, balance, eye movements and posture
Related to Motor area

Question 17

Occipital lobes

Answer 17

responsible for vision; contralateral

Question 18

Visual cortex

Answer 18

processes and makes sense of visual stimuli; located in occipital lobe

Question 19

Parietal lobes

Answer 19

involved in processing somatosensory information; contralateral

Question 20

Angular gyrus

Answer 20

in parietal lobe; involved in a number of processes related to language, number processing and spatial cognition

Question 21

Sensory cortex

Answer 21

located in the front of the parietal lobe; receives all sensory information from the body

Question 22

Temporal lobes

Answer 22

on side of the head; center for hearing; mostly contralateral. Front: smell

Question 23

Wernicke’s area

Answer 23

– located in left temporal lobe; responsible for understanding language and making meaningful sentences, language comprehension and expression

Question 24

Frontal lobes

Answer 24

lobe responsible for judgment, decision making, personality; reasoning part of our brain that distinguishes humans from animals

Question 25

Motor cortex

Answer 25

responsible for all of our movements

Question 26

Broca’s area

Answer 26

in left frontal lobe; controls production of speech

Question 27

Cerebral cortex

Answer 27

outer layer of brain; center for higher-order processes; size of large pizza in humans

Question 28

Association areas

Answer 28

– areas of cerebral cortex that do not have specific sensory of motor functions but are involved in higher mental functions such as thinking, planning and communicating

Question 29

Neurotransmitter

Answer 29

chemical messengers that send information from one neuron to another

Question 30

Afferent neurons

Answer 30

sensory neurons; receive sensory messages from body and send them to brain

Question 31

Efferent neurons

Answer 31

motor neurons; involved in voluntary movement; send messages from brain to various muscles of the body

Question 32

Interneurons

Answer 32

– located in spinal cord and brain; act as relay station between afferent and efferent neurons; also responsible for reflexes

Question 33

Glial cells

Answer 33

consider glue of nervous system; nourish, support and protect neurons in brain and spinal cord

Question 34

Cerebral cortex

Answer 34

Sensory info & movement. Thinking planning judgment

Question 34

Cerebral cortex

Answer 34

Sensory info & movement. Thinking planning judgment

Question 35

Somato sensation

Answer 35

Skin sensation in parietal lobes