Psych ch.12

Question 1

instinct

Answer 1

a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Question 2

:drive-reduction theory

Answer 2

the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 3

::homeostasis

Answer 3

a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Question 4

incentive

Answer 4

a positive or negative envi- ronmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 5

hierarchy of needs

Answer 5

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.

Question 6

:set point

Answer 6

the point at which an indi- vidual’s “weight thermostat” is suppos- edly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a low- ered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Question 7

anorexia nervosa

Answer 7

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Question 8

bulimia nervosa

Answer 8

an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Question 9

::binge-eating disorder

Answer 9

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by dis- tress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.

Question 10

::sexual response cycle

Answer 10

the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson—excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 11

:refractory period

Answer 11

a resting period after orgasm, during which a man can- not achieve another orgasm

Question 12

::sexual disorder

Answer 12

a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Question 13

flow

Answer 13

a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills.

Question 14

::industrial-organizational (I/O) psy- chology

Answer 14

the application of psychologi- cal concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 15

::personnel psychology

Answer 15

a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employ- ee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Question 16

::organizational psychology

Answer 16

a sub- field of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker sat- isfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

Question 17

structured interviews

Answer 17

interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.

Question 18

achievement motivation

Answer 18

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.

Question 19

:task leadership

Answer 19

goal-oriented leader- ship that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.

Question 20

social leadership

Answer 20

group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, medi- ates conflict, and offers support.

Question 21

::motivation

Answer 21

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Question 22

glucose

Answer 22

the form of sugar that circu- lates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

Question 23

achievement motivation

Answer 23

a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard.

Question 24

Ethologist

Answer 24

Lorenz animal behavior, baby ducks imprint

Question 25

Yerkes-Dodson

Answer 25

humans perform most activities best when moderately aroused, but not when low or high.
Low: difficult task
high: easy

Question 26

insulin (high): hunger, hypothalamus

Answer 26

grhelin: hunger
Leptin: decreases hunger

Question 27

masters and johnson’s sex cycle

Answer 27

sexual arousal, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Question 28

affiliation motive

Answer 28

need to be with others

Question 29

overjustification effect

Answer 29

reward for somthing we like to do

Question 30

Emotions are inborn

Answer 30

James lange theory: see the physical then emotion comes

Question 31

cannon-Bard thoery

Answer 31

body and emotion at the same time

Question 32

opponent-process thoery

Answer 32

after a strong emotion, opposing emotion comes to lessen the experience

Question 33

schachter-singer two factor theory

Answer 33

psychological arousal come, then it is label by us as a type of emotion

Question 34

cognitive appraisal

Answer 34

emotions depend on interpretation