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10th grade > Psych ch. 7 > Flashcards

Psych ch. 7 Flashcards

1
Q

consciousness

A

our awareness of our- selves and our environment.

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2
Q

cognitive neuroscience

A

the interdis- ciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including percep- tion, thinking, memory, and language).

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3
Q

dual processing

A

the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

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4
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

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5
Q

change blindness

A

failing to notice changes in the environment.

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6
Q

circadian rhythm

A

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24- hour cycle.

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7
Q

REM sleep

A

rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

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8
Q

alpha waves

A

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

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9
Q

sleep

A

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. can still interpret outside stimuli

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10
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory experi- ences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

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11
Q

delta waves

A

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

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12
Q

narcolepsy

A

a sleep disorder charac- terized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

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13
Q

sleep apnea

A

a sleep disorder charac- terized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

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14
Q

night terrors

A

a sleep disorder charac- terized by high arousal and an appear- ance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

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15
Q

dream

A

a sequence of images, emo- tions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

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16
Q

manifest content

A

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

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17
Q

latent content

A

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).

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18
Q

Freud’s wish-fulfillment

A

Dreams have hidden meaning.

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19
Q

Information processing

A

dreams help sort out the day’s event and strengthen memories

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20
Q

Physiological function

A

Dreams help development and preserve neural pathways

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21
Q

Activation synthesis

A

Rem sleep triggers neural activity which evoke random visual memories.

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22
Q

Cognitive development

A

reflects dreamer’s cognitive development (knowledge and understanding)

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23
Q

REM rebound

A

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awak- enings during REM sleep).


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24
Q

hypnosis

A

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain per- ceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

25
Q

posthypnotic suggestion

A

a sugges- tion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clini- cians to help control undesired symp- toms and behaviors.

26
Q

dissociation

A

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behav- iors to occur simultaneously with others.

27
Q

psychoactive drug

A

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

28
Q

tolerance

A

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect.

29
Q

withdrawal

A

the discomfort and dis- tress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

30
Q

physical dependence

A

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

31
Q

psychological dependence

A

a psy- chological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

32
Q

addiction

A

compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.

33
Q

depressants

A

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates, heroin) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

34
Q

barbiturates

A

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

35
Q

opiates

A

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

36
Q

stimulants

A

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

37
Q

amphetamines

A

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

38
Q

methamphetamine

A

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the cen- tral nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

39
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

a synthetic stimu- lant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

40
Q

hallucinogens

A

psychedelic (“mind- manifesting”) drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. marijuana

41
Q

LSD

A

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

42
Q

THC

A

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

43
Q

near-death experience

A

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug- induced hallucinations.

44
Q

Mere-exposer effect

A

liking something due to continued exposure

45
Q
  • Conscious level
  • Preconscious level
  • Unconscious
A
  • fully aware

- not thinking but can b recalledully aware

46
Q

suprachiasmatic

nucleus

A

light triggers it to decrease melatonin from pineal gland or increase (evening)

47
Q

Why do we sleep

A
  1. sleep protects (from predators)
  2. restore/repair brain tissue
  3. helps remembering
  4. growth
48
Q

What is measure during an sleep experiment?

A

left and right eye movement, muscle tension (EMG) and brain waves (EEG)

49
Q

Getting sleepy stage 1

A

alpha waves (relax) , hallucination, falling (hynagogic), is experience only once a night

50
Q

Stage 2

A

sleep talking, Theta Waves, sleep spindles, sleep talking

51
Q

Stage 3

A

Delta wave (restorative)

52
Q

Stage 4

A

Delta wave, sleep talking

53
Q

REM

A

paralyze, beta wave (like awake)

54
Q

Posthypnotic suggestion- action carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized.

A

Posthypnotic amnesia-supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis.

55
Q

Hypnotic theory

A

Divided-consciousnes:Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness
Social influence: the subject is caught up in the role Hypnosis is NOT an altered state of consciousness.

56
Q

What Hypnosis Cannot Do

A

work when people refuse to cooperate
bestow ‘superhuman’ abilities or strength
accurately boost recall of forgotten events (it is more likely to implant false recall)

57
Q

Our brain is protected by a layer of capillaries called the blood-brain barrier

A

The drugs that are small enough to pass through are called psychoactive drugs

58
Q

cocaine

A

blocks reuptake

10th grade (45 decks)

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