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10th grade > bio three > Flashcards

bio three Flashcards

1
Q

cell respiration

A
  • glycolysis: break down of glucose in cytosol
  • transition rxn: exergonic 3C-2C
  • kreb cycle: glucose all broken down
  • etc
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2
Q

glycolysis

cytosol
2ATP
2NADH

A

2ATP to hydrolysize phorphirilization glucose to split 3C, phorprilization
loses H and gain another phosphate group

pyruvate

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3
Q

transition rxn

matrix
2NADH

A

x2
pyruvate loses CO2= 2C n loses H
acetyl coenzymeA

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4
Q

kreb’s cycle

matrix
2ATP
6NADH
2FADH

A 
x2
COA falls off releases energy to form bond btw oxaloacetate 4C + citric Acid 6C
2CO2 falls off
4H falles off
becomes oxaloacetate 4C
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5
Q

ETC

34ATP

A

10NADH=H falls off. H=electron&proton.
-electron goes to cytochromes. movement powers pump that move H+ into intermembrane space
H+ fadiff throuh atp synthase (oxidative phorphorilization)
Oxygen: final electron acceptor, move e- from cytosome, water formed

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6
Q

fadh

A

2ATP

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7
Q

nadh

A

3atp

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8
Q

chemiosmosis

A

the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient.

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9
Q

anaerobic respiration

muscle cell&bactieria

A

glycologist: 2pyruvate. 2 atp formed,
- pyruvate steals H from NADH=;actic acid: fadiff out off cell
- ethanol: CO2 out

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10
Q

Light rxn

thylakoid

A

photosystem2 (protein that hlds pigment)gets recieves proton-Primary electron acceptor-cytochromes to produce energy that powers pump pushes H+ into thylakoid. movement of e- produces NADPH’Atp. cytochromes to ps1 n into the stoma combines with H+ n taken by NADPH
H+ inside thylaoid to outside ATP synthese

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11
Q

cylical electron flow

A

e- into the stoma goes back to PEA to ^ amt of ATP

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12
Q

phtolysis

A

H20 split into OnH, oxygen pair up: O2

hydrogen into electron and proton

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13
Q

photosystem

A

pigement absorbs light energy and move causing molecules to vibrte, potential energy^, e- escape orbit: molecules loose electron to PEA: redox rxm

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14
Q

dark rxn/calvin rxn
stoma
6NADP

A

(x2) 3 rubisco
1 carbon fixated onto RuBP by Rubisco enzyme, then split into2 3c

phosphate and H+ added to each, called 6 G3p

1 g3p half a glucose leaves cycle, 5 stays to form 3 RuBP

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15
Q

rubisco

A

6 active sites

3: RuBP
3: co2

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16
Q

dark rxn

A

18 atp ised

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17
Q

rubsico mistake

A

photorepspiration
attaches to 02 not co2 creates 5c ! plan’t succesful
prevention: stoma is plugged

18
Q

homrone

A
  1. reception
  2. signal transduction
  3. cellular response
19
Q

regulation of respiration

A

glycologyist: phsphotrutokinace enzyme add phosphae to sugar n break it down. ATP allosteric inhibitor to it

20
Q

fat metabolism

A

fat broken down into 2 carbon section n go into kreb (acytol

21
Q

mesophil

A

cells in middle of leaves that contain choroplst.

top layer is tightly packed, not bottom

22
Q

repsiration
sugar get oxidize
exergoniv

A

phtotosynthesis
water get oxidize
endergonic

23
Q

stoma=02

A

stomata: co2

24
Q

cam plants
goal: infrease influx of c02
arid

A

opens stoma at night: don’t loose water

take co2 to CAM metabolism n break cruselacean acid back to c02 when daylight (does photosynthesis then) bc equilibrium

25
Q

c4 plants

grases

A

have bundle sheath cell that only does dark rxn in, away fro, mesophyll light rxn that gives off o2

26
Q

before replication

A

chromosome: histone w/DNA wraped around it

27
Q

after repilcation

A

each 2: sister chromatid,

middle: centromere connect them

28
Q

An=X

A: 3 of sets of chrom

n: # of chrom in a set
46: # of chromosome

A

one set: big and small

29
Q

interphase (not mitotic)

A

G0: no repication in life
G1 (normal, not intention of rreplic)
S dna synthesis (not organizes)
G2

30
Q

prophase

A

nucelus envel gone, centrosome: aster

31
Q

metaphase

A

mircrotubules: longer n has hooks kinotcore (grabs centromore
nkm: connect with one on the other side

32
Q

anaphase

A

nkm grow and pushes (causing ellipsis shape

km pulls on chrom

33
Q

telophase

A

microfilament make contractile ring n nuclear envelop form, cytokinesis

34
Q

plant cell mitosis

A

from ER vesicles align in middle iwth segments of cellulose of cell wall, fuse together form: cell plate. no centrosome

35
Q

growth hormone

signalling mitosis

A

receptor portein-binding site, form molescules-transciption initatition factorinto nucleus causing production of protein: cyclin attaches to CDK allosteric site to activate it

36
Q

meiosis 1

A

divide orginal equation by 2

full dna cell= 2 cell w/ half DNA in each

37
Q

meosis 2

A

2 cell w/ half dna replicate it self. motosis

38
Q

meosis 1 prophase

A

XX, attachment: synapsis: homologous chromosome joing together. tetrad

random fertilization
crossing ver
independent assortmant, Xx or xX, no specific way

39
Q

moeisis 1 end

A

X in each cell

40
Q

1st model of hereditary

blending model of inheritance

A

offspring is hybrid of parent. mendel dissaproved it

41
Q

codominance

A

checkboard, no blending no domince

42
Q

incomplete dominance

A

snapdragon: red/white=pink

10th grade (45 decks)

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