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10th grade > Psych unit 2 > Flashcards

Psych unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological psychology

A

branch of psychology concern w/ link btw biology & behavior.

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2
Q

neuron

A

nerve cell

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3
Q

dendrite

A

the bushy, branching extensions of a neuron, receive messages and conduct impulses toward cell body

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4
Q

axon

A

extension of a neuron, ending in terminal fibers through which messages pass to other neurons or to muscle/glands, passes message away from the cell body to other neurons, muscle, glands..

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5
Q

myelin

A

covers the axon of some neurons and help speed neural impulses

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6
Q

action potential

A

a neural impulse, electrical charge that travels down an axon. the action potential is generated by the movement of positively charged atoms in & out of channels in the axon’s membrane.

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7
Q

threshold

A

the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse

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8
Q

synapse

A

the junction btw the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite/ cell body of receiving neuron. tiny gap at this junction is called the synaptic gap

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9
Q

neurotransmitter

A

chemical messengers that traverse the synaptic gap. when released by the sending neurons, they travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites.

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10
Q

acetylcholine

A

a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction

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11
Q

endorphin

A

natural neurotransmitters linked to pain control and to pleasure

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12
Q

somatic nervous system, part of the peripheral nervous system

A

controls the movement of skeletal muscles

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13
Q

autonomic nervous system, part of the peripheral nervous system

A

controls the glands & the muscles of internal organ

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14
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

the division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situation

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15
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body

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16
Q

reflex

A

a simple, automatic, inborn response to a sensory stimulus,

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17
Q

lesion

A

tissue destruction.

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18
Q

electroencephalogram (EEG)

A

detects brain waves through electrical output used mainly in sleep research

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19
Q

computed tomography (CT)(CAT)

A

3-D x-ray of brain, good for tumor locating, but tells nothing about function

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20
Q

positron emission tomography (PET)

A

shows brain function through blood flow measures how much of a chemical a brain is using.

21
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

more detailed pic of brain than a CAT scan. uses radio waves and magnetic field to generate images of the anatomy, take still pics.

22
Q

brainstem

A

oldest part and central core of the brain. responsible for automatic survival action. begins where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull.

23
Q

medulla

A

the base of the brainstem, controls heartbeat and breathing

24
Q

reticular formation

A

a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal.

25
Q

thalamus

A

located on top of the brainstem. it directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.

26
Q

cerebellum

A

attached to the rear of the brainstem, coordinate voluntary balance.

27
Q

limbic system

A

at the border of the brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; emotions and drives. includes the hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus.

28
Q

amygdala

A

2 almond-shaped neural clusters that are components of the limbic system and are linked to emotion. influence aggression and fear.

29
Q

hypothalamus

A

a neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities ( eating drinking body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion.

30
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres, control and information-processing center

31
Q

glial cells

A

cells in the nervous system that supports, nourish, and protect neurons

32
Q

frontal lobes

A

portion of the cerebral cortex lying behind the forehead, involve in speaking and muscle movement and in making plans & judgement.

33
Q

parietal lobes

A

portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the top of the head and rear, includes the sensory cortex

34
Q

occipital lobes

A

portion of cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes the visual areas, which receive visual information from opposite visual fields

35
Q

temporal lobes

A

portion of the cerebral cortex lying above ears, includes the auditory areas, each receive auditory info from opposite ears.

36
Q

motor cortex

A

an area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

37
Q

sensory cortex

A

the area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body sensation

38
Q

association areas

A

areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor/ sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking.

39
Q

aphasia

A

impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding)

40
Q

Broca’s area

A

controls language expression- an area of the frontal lobe, usually left hemisphere, that directs muscle movements involved in speech

41
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

controls language reception- a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression, usually left temporal lobe.

42
Q

plasticity

A

the brain’s capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damaged and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development.

43
Q

corpus callosum

A

the large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 brain hemispheres and carrying messages btw them.

44
Q

Split brain

A

a condition in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting of the connecting fiber (mainly the corpus callosum) between them

45
Q

endocrine system

A

the body’s slow chemical communication system; set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream

46
Q

hormones

A

chemical messengers, mostly those manufactured by the endocrine glands, that are produced in one tissue and affect another.

47
Q

adrenal glands

A

a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress

48
Q

pituitary gland

A

the endocrine system’s most influential gland. under the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands

10th grade (45 decks)

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