Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Stages of Protein Synthesis

Answer 1

• Transcription
• Translation

Question 2

Overview of Transcription

Answer 2

DNA has to stay in the nucleus so the code is first copied into mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 3

Overview of Translation

Answer 3

The mRNA attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm. These read the code and assemble the correct amino acids using tRNA (transfer RNA)

Question 4

Stages of Transcription

Answer 4

1. The DNA is unzipped
2. The sequence of bases in the gene is copied to mRNA following the complementary base pairing rules.
3. This travels out of the nucleus

Question 5

Stages of Translation

Answer 5

1. The ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, reading a codon at a time
2. At each codon, the corresponding tRNA with the anticodon that matches the codon.
3. This repeats at the next codon.
4. For each tRNA molecule, it has an amino acid. Between these amino acids a peptide bond forms.
5. The tRNA molecule from the first codon detaches.
6. This repeats across the mRNA strand, until the STOP codon is reached.

Question 6

Transfer (tRNA)

Answer 6

clover-shaped molecule with an anticodon (3 bases that are complementary to the 3 bases of the codon). Has an amino acid

Question 7

RNA

Answer 7

Single stranded

Question 8

Codon/triplet code

Answer 8

3 bases