Genetic Engineering Flashcards
1
Q
Genetic engineering/modification
A
Modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to result in desired characteristics
2
Q
Restriction Enzymes
A
Recognise specific sequences of DNA and cut the DNA at these specific points
3
Q
Ligase
A
Enzyme used to join two pieces of DNA together
4
Q
Recombinant DNA
A
2 different bits of DNA stuck together
5
Q
Vector
A
A carrier that is used to transfer DNA into a cell
6
Q
Two types of vectors
A
Plasmids
Viruses
7
Q
Plasmids
A
Small circular molecules of DNA that can be transferred between bacteria
8
Q
Viruses
A
Insert DNA into the organism they infect
9
Q
Transgenic
A
the transfer of genetic material from one
species to a different species
10
Q
Process of Genetic Engineering
A
- Human gene is cut out using a restriction enzyme
- Plasmid from bacterium is cut using same restriction enzyme
- Human gene inserted into plasmid (vector DNA) using ligase enzymes
- Forms recombinant DNA
- Inserted into other organism e.g. bacterium and grown in a fermentor
