Digestion

Question 1

What is Digestion?

Answer 1

The process of breaking large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Question 2

Chemical Digestion

Answer 2

Food molecules are broken down by enzymes

Question 3

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 3

Food is broken down into smaller pieces by chewing and churning in the stomach

Question 4

Where is Bile produced and stored?

Answer 4

Made: Liver
Stored: Gall bladder

Question 5

By what process do food molecules get absorbed in the small intestine?

Answer 5

Diffusion

Question 6

How is the small intestine adapted for diffusion of nutrients to be rapid?

Answer 6

Lots of villi + microvilli -> Large surface area

Thin wall (one cell thick) -> Short diffusion distance

Good blood supply (from capillary network) -> maintains high concentration gradient

Question 7

Ingestion

Answer 7

Taking in of food

Question 8

Absorption

Answer 8

Nutrients pass through gut wall into blood

Question 9

Assimilation

Answer 9

Getting rid of waste and undigested food

Question 10

Peristalsis

Answer 10

Muscular contraction which squeezes food through the digestive sytem

Question 11

Mouth structure

Answer 11

Teeth and Tongue

Question 12

Mouth function

Answer 12

Mechanical digestion of food , moistens it

Question 13

Salivary gland structure

Answer 13

Glands with ducts found in mouth

Question 14

Salivary Glands Function

Answer 14

Produces saliva (contains amylase)
Digests starch -> maltose

Question 15

Stomach structure

Answer 15

Muscular bag which produces HCl + protease enzymes + walls produce mucus
pH 2

Question 16

Stomach function

Answer 16

Churns food into liquid chyme
Proteins digested into amino acids
Mucus stops stomach from being digested by HCl

Question 17

Liver structure

Answer 17

Large organ/gland

Question 18

Liver Function

Answer 18

Produces bile to emulsify fats

Question 19

Pancreas structure

Answer 19

An elongated gland which contains islets of Langerhans (specialised cells)

Question 20

Pancreas Function

Answer 20

Secretes pancreatic juice -> contains amylase, lipase, protease and hormones e.g. insulin

Question 21

Small intestine Structure

Answer 21

Long muscular tube lines with villi + microvilli
Digests food using protease, lipase,

Question 22

Small Intestine Function

Answer 22

Further digestion of food
Absorbs food and nutrients e.g. glucose into the blood

Question 23

Large Intestine + Colon structure

Answer 23

Long muscular tube -> 1.5 m long

Question 24

Large Intestine + Colon Function

Answer 24

Water further absorbed in colon

Question 25

Rectum + Anus Structure

Answer 25

Final section of large intestine

Question 26

Rectum + Anus function

Answer 26

Undigested food compacted + stored in rectum
Egested through anus

Question 27

How does food move through the gut in persitalsis?

Answer 27

Contractions of the circular muscle

Question 28

How does the bile emulsify fats?

Answer 28

Breaks the fat into tiny droplets -> increases S.A. for enzymes making digestion faster