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Biology > Organisms and Life Processes > Flashcards

Organisms and Life Processes Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Living Organisms - 8 Characteristics
- MRS C GREN

A

Movement - action by organism/part of an organism causing a change in position/place

Respiration - Chemical reactions that break down glucose molecules in living cells to release energy

Sensitivity - Ability to detect / sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and respond

Control - living organisms have the ability to control their internal conditions eg their temperature + sugar levels -> homeostasis

Growth -Permanent increase in size + dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size, or both

Reproduction - the process that makes more of the same kind of organism

Excretion - the removal of toxic materials from organisms eg waste products of metabolism -> CO2, urea, etc

Nutrition - the taking in of nutrients + mineral ions containing new materials or energy for growth and tissue repair and absorbing and assimilating them.

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2
Q

Two Major Categories of Cells - in plant + animal structure

A

Eukaryotic - plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
Prokaryotic - bacteria

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3
Q

Organelle Names in Plants

A

Nucleus
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts

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4
Q

Organelle Names in Animals

A

Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material which controls the cell’s activities

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6
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Cell Membrane

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

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7
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Cell Wall

A

supports cell and made of cellulose (type of carbohydrate)

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8
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Mitochondria

A

where respiration occurs -> to release energy

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9
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Cytoplasm

A

where most chemical reactions happen

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10
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Ribosomes

A

where proteins are made in protein synthesis

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11
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Chloroplasts

A

where photosynthesis occurs. Light energy is absorbed, and glucose is made. Contains chlorophyll

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12
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Vacuole

A

contains cell sap (solution of sugar and salts)

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13
Q

Are animals multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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14
Q

Are plants multicellular or unicellular?

A

multicellular

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15
Q

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

A

unicellular or multicellular

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16
Q

Are bacteria multicellular or unicellular?

A

unicellular

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17
Q

Animals mode of nutrition

A

Heterotrophic - feed on other organisms

18
Q

Plants mode of nutrition

A

Autotrophic - produce their own food through photosynthesis

19
Q

Bacteria - mode of nutrition

A

heterotrophic - feed on other organisms
or
autotrophic - produce their own food

20
Q

Fungi - mode of nutrition

A

saprotrophic - by using extracellular enzymes onto food materials and absorb the organic products

21
Q

Protoctists - mode of nutrition

A

Autotrophic - produce their own food
or
Heterotrophic - feed on other organisms

22
Q

Bacteria - mode of nutrition

A

autotrophic - make their own food
or
heterotrophic - feed on other organisms

23
Q

Are protoctists multicellular or unicellular

A

most are unicellular but some are multicellular

24
Q

What do plants store sugar as?

A

Sucrose or starch

25
Q

What do animals store carbohydrates as?

A

glycogen

26
Q

What do fungi store carbohydrates as?

A

glycogen

27
Q

What do bacteria store carbohydrates as?

A

glycogen

28
Q

Example of animals

A

mammals - humans
insects - housefly, mosquito

29
Q

example of fungi

A

mucor - multicellular/hyphal structure
yeast - single cellular

30
Q

Example of bacteria

A

Lactobacillus (rod-shaped)

31
Q

Pathogenic bacteria

A

pneumococcus -> pneumonia

32
Q

Example of Virus

A

tobacco mosaic virus (prevents formation of chloroplast in plant = discoloured leaves)
HIV -> AIDS
influenza->flu

33
Q

Example of protoctists

A

Chlorella (singlecellular)
amoeba (multicellular)

34
Q

Pathogenic protoctists

A

plasmodium -> malaria

35
Q

Plant example

A

flowering plant (maize)
legume (peas, beans)

36
Q

Organelle

A

A group of sub - cellular structures that perform a specific function

37
Q

Cells

A

Cells are a group of organelles that perform a specific function

38
Q

Tissues

A

Tissues are a group of cells that perform a specific function

39
Q

Organs

A

Organs are a group of tissues that perform a specific function

40
Q

Organ systems

A

Organ systems are a group of organs that perform a specific function

Biology (30 decks)

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