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Biology > Organisms and Life Processes > Flashcards

Organisms and Life Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Living Organisms - 8 Characteristics
- MRS C GREN

A

Movement - action by organism/part of an organism causing a change in position/place

Respiration - Chemical reactions that break down glucose molecules in living cells to release energy

Sensitivity - Ability to detect / sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and respond

Control - living organisms have the ability to control their internal conditions eg their temperature + sugar levels -> homeostasis

Growth -Permanent increase in size + dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size, or both

Reproduction - the process that makes more of the same kind of organism

Excretion - the removal of toxic materials from organisms eg waste products of metabolism -> CO2, urea, etc

Nutrition - the taking in of nutrients + mineral ions containing new materials or energy for growth and tissue repair and absorbing and assimilating them.

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2
Q

Two Major Categories of Cells - in plant + animal structure

A

Eukaryotic - plants, animals, fungi, protoctists
Prokaryotic - bacteria

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3
Q

Organelle Names in Plants

A

Nucleus
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts

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4
Q

Organelle Names in Animals

A

Cell Membrane
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm

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5
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Nucleus

A

Contains genetic material which controls the cell’s activities

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6
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Cell Membrane

A

controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

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7
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Cell Wall

A

supports cell and made of cellulose (type of carbohydrate)

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8
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Mitochondria

A

where respiration occurs -> to release energy

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9
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Cytoplasm

A

where most chemical reactions happen

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10
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Ribosomes

A

where proteins are made in protein synthesis

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11
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Chloroplasts

A

where photosynthesis occurs. Light energy is absorbed, and glucose is made. Contains chlorophyll

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12
Q

Organelle Names and Functions
Vacuole

A

contains cell sap (solution of sugar and salts)

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13
Q

Are animals multicellular or unicellular?

A

Multicellular

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14
Q

Are plants multicellular or unicellular?

A

multicellular

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15
Q

Are fungi multicellular or unicellular?

A

unicellular or multicellular

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16
Q

Are bacteria multicellular or unicellular?

A

unicellular

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17
Q

Animals mode of nutrition

A

Heterotrophic - feed on other organisms

18
Q

Plants mode of nutrition

A

Autotrophic - produce their own food through photosynthesis

19
Q

Bacteria - mode of nutrition

A

heterotrophic - feed on other organisms
or
autotrophic - produce their own food

20
Q

Fungi - mode of nutrition

A

saprotrophic - by using extracellular enzymes onto food materials and absorb the organic products

21
Q

Protoctists - mode of nutrition

A

Autotrophic - produce their own food
or
Heterotrophic - feed on other organisms

22
Q

Bacteria - mode of nutrition

A

autotrophic - make their own food
or
heterotrophic - feed on other organisms

23
Q

Are protoctists multicellular or unicellular

A

most are unicellular but some are multicellular

24
Q

What do plants store sugar as?

A

Sucrose or starch

25
What do animals store carbohydrates as?
glycogen
26
What do fungi store carbohydrates as?
glycogen
27
What do bacteria store carbohydrates as?
glycogen
28
Example of animals
mammals - humans insects - housefly, mosquito
29
example of fungi
mucor - multicellular/hyphal structure yeast - single cellular
30
Example of bacteria
Lactobacillus (rod-shaped)
31
Pathogenic bacteria
pneumococcus -> pneumonia
32
Example of Virus
tobacco mosaic virus (prevents formation of chloroplast in plant = discoloured leaves) HIV -> AIDS influenza->flu
33
Example of protoctists
Chlorella (singlecellular) amoeba (multicellular)
34
Pathogenic protoctists
plasmodium -> malaria
35
Plant example
flowering plant (maize) legume (peas, beans)
36
Organelle
A group of sub - cellular structures that perform a specific function
37
Cells
Cells are a group of organelles that perform a specific function
38
Tissues
Tissues are a group of cells that perform a specific function
39
Organs
Organs are a group of tissues that perform a specific function
40
Organ systems
Organ systems are a group of organs that perform a specific function

Biology (30 decks)

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