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Biology > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

7 Nutrients needed for a balanced diet

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
Dietary Fibre

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2
Q

Why do we need food?

A

for energy
for growth + repair of tissues
to help fight disease
to be healthy

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3
Q

Elements in Carbohydrates

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

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4
Q

What are carbohydrates used for?

A

Broken down in cells to produce chemical energy -> fuels cells functions
Energy for muscle contractions

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5
Q

Carbohydrates food sources

A

potatoes, rice, pasta

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6
Q

What Carbohydrase enzymes break down Carbohydrates?

A

Amylase which makes starch -> maltose
Maltase which makes maltose -> glucose

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7
Q

Test for Glucose

A

Benedicts Solution
Heat
Blue -> Brick Red

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8
Q

Test for Starch (polymer of glucose)

A

Iodine
yellow -> blue/black

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9
Q

Other polymers of glucose

A

Glycogen -> energy store/ found in tissues
Cellulose -> makes up cell walls + forms dietary fibre for peristalsis in small intestine

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10
Q

Elements in Protein

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Sulfur

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11
Q

What are proteins used for?

A

growth + repair of cells
makes enzymes + hormones for body regulation

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12
Q

Protein food sources

A

Meat, fish, eggs, beans

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13
Q

Protein deficiency disease

A

Kwashiorkor

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14
Q

What protease enzyme is needed to break down protein

A

Pepsin and Trypsin make protein -> amino acids

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15
Q

Test for protein

A

Biuret Solution
Blue -> Purple

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16
Q

Elements in Lipids

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen (lower proportion than carbohydrates)

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17
Q

What are lipids used for

A

insulation of vital organs
long term store of energy

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18
Q

Lipids food sources

A

Olive Oil
Peanuts
Avocado

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19
Q

What enzyme is needed to break down lipids?

A

Lipase -> fatty acids + glycerol

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20
Q

Test for lipids

A

Add ethanol
Add water
Clear -> Cloudy (white emulsion)

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21
Q

What are vitamins used for

A

chemicals in the body
no store of vitamins in the body -> need regular, small doses

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22
Q

Vitamin A use in body

A

Good vision
Makes light - sensitive chemical in the eye retina

23
Q

Vitamin A sources

A

Liver
Carrots

24
Q

Vitamin A deficiency

A

Poor vision
Night Blindness

25
Q

Vitamin C use in body

A

Makes fibres of connective tissue (glue to bond cells together to make a tissue)

26
Q

Vitamin C sources

A

Fresh fruit + veg

27
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

A

Scurvy - bleeding gums

28
Q

Vitamin D use in body

A

Helps absorb calcium + phosphate

29
Q

Vitamin D sources

A

sunlight, egg yolks

30
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Rickets -> deformed bones

31
Q

What are minerals used for

A

chemicals in the body
no store of vitamins in the body -> need regular, small doses

32
Q

Calcium use

A

Making bones + teeth

33
Q

Calcium sources

A

Dairy products
Soya

34
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

Weak bones

35
Q

Iron use

A

Makes haemoglobin
Part of haemoglobin in red blood cells -> helps carry oxygen

36
Q

Iron sources

A

Red meat
Leafy veg (e.g. spinach)

37
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Anaemia -> tiredness

38
Q

Water use

A

Prevents dehydration
Needed for chemical reactions to occur in cells

39
Q

Water source

A

Water
Juice
fruit + veg

40
Q

Fibre use

A

Prevents constipation

41
Q

Fibre source

A

Brown bread
Brown RIce
Brown pasta

42
Q

Energy content of the food sample

A

Temp. change x Mass of water x 4.2 (specific heat capacity)

43
Q

Name 2 types of protease

A

Pepsin
Trypsin

44
Q

Name 2 types of carbohydrase

A

Amylase
Maltase

45
Q

Where is pepsin made and work?

A

Made: Stomach
Work: Stomach

46
Q

Where is trypsin made

A

Made: Pancreas
Works: Small Intestine

47
Q

Name 2 types of carbohydrase

A

Amylase
Maltase

48
Q

Where is amylase made

A

Salivary Glands
Pancreas

49
Q

Where does amylase work

A

Mouth, Small Intestine

50
Q

Where does maltase make and work?

A

Ileum

51
Q

Where is lipase made and work?

A

Made: Pancreas
Work: Deudenum (needs bile)

52
Q

How does temperature affect enzyme function

A

changes shape of active site, substrate no longer complementary.

53
Q

How does pH affect enzyme function

A

after point of neutralisation, enzymes dentature

Biology (30 decks)

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