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BDS4 > Problems with saliva > Flashcards

Problems with saliva Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of saliva in the oral cavity?

A
  • Acid buffering
  • Mucosal lubrication- speech, swallowing
  • Taste facilitation
  • Antibacterial
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2
Q

5 causes of dry mouth?

A
  • Salivary gland disease
  • Drugs
  • Medical conditions and dehydration
  • Radiotherapy and cancer treatments
  • Anxiety and somatisation disorders
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3
Q

Which gland is associated with acinar tissue loss ?

A
  • Minor glands
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4
Q

Which other glands are associated with acinar tissue loss by age other than minor glands?

A
  • Parotid and submandibular
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5
Q

What do we call drugs that cause dry mouth?

A

Anti-muscarinic cholinergic drugs

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6
Q

An example of an antimuscarinic drug?

A

Amitriptyline

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7
Q

3 other drugs that cause dry mouth apart from amitriptyline?

A
  • Lithium
  • SSRI , TCA
  • Bendrofluazide (10% reduction)
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8
Q

5 chronic medical conditions that induce dehydration?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Renal disease
  • Stroke
  • Addison’s
  • Persisting vomiting
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9
Q

4 acute medical problems cause dehydration?

A
  • Acute oral mucosal diseases
  • Burns
  • Vesiculobullous diseases
  • Haemorrhage
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10
Q

What 5 diseases causes direct salivary problems?

A
  • ectodermal dysplasia
  • Sarcoidosis
  • HIV disease
  • Gland infiltration amyloid and haemachromatosis
  • Cystic fibrosis
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11
Q

What is Challacombe scale for oral dryness?

A

A scale to measure oral dryness into mild, moderate and severe determined by 10 components which can be assessed visually
1-3 mild
3-6 moderate
7-10 severe

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12
Q

Chalacombe 1?

A

mirror sticks to buccal mucosa

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13
Q

Chalacombe 2?

A

mirror sticks to tongue

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14
Q

Chalacombe 3?

A

Frothy saliva

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15
Q

Chalacombe 4?

A

no saliva pooling in floor of mouth

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16
Q

Chalacombe 5?

A

mild depapillation on tongue

17
Q

Chalacombe 6?

A

Altered gingival architecture

18
Q

Chalacombe 7 ?

A

Glassy appearance mucosa - esp palate

19
Q

Chalacombe 8?

A

Fissured tongue

20
Q

Chalacombe 9 ?

A

Cervical caries

21
Q

Chalacombe 10?

A

Debris on palate or teeth

22
Q

5 blood tests to investigate salivary disease?

A
  • FBC
  • U&E
  • LFT
  • Glucose
  • Anti - ro,la, ANA
  • C3 and C4 complement
23
Q

4 imaging modalities to investigate salivary disease?

A
  • Plain radiographs with reduced dose to look for stones
  • Sialography with contrast to show ducts
  • MR Sialography - IV contrast
  • Ultrasound
24
Q

Which protein blood test would you carry out to investigate a salivary disease?

A

C-reactive protein

25
Q

What two ways can anxiety contribute to the feeling of dry mouth?

A
  1. cephalic control of salivation - directly causes xerostomia
  2. cephalic control of perception - small changes at synapses causing perception of dry mouth
26
Q

Give 5 examples of somatoform diseases?

A
  • Oral dysaesthesia
  • TMD pain
  • Headache
  • Dyspesia
  • Irritable bowel syndrome
27
Q

What are somatoform diseases?

A

the development of symptoms although there is no presence of the disease process on examination, mostly caused by the patient perception

28
Q

What two things on an ultrasound would indicate a salivary issue?

A
  • Leopard spots
  • Sialectasis
29
Q

2 blood tests to investigate dehydration?

A

U&E
Glucose

30
Q

2 blood tests to investigate autoimmune disease causing hyposalivation? other than anti la , ro

A

ANA
CRP

31
Q

When would you decide to do a sialography for a patient with hyposalivation?

A

when you suspect obstruction or ductal disease

32
Q

3 causes that cause increased salivary flow?

A

Dementia
Stroke
Drug causes

33
Q

2 causes that lead to perception of hypersalivation?

A
  • swallowing failure - anxiety, stroke, MS
  • postural drooling - in babies , cerebral palsy
34
Q

3 drugs that may cause hypersalivation?

A
  • Clozapine
  • Bromides
  • Ketamine
35
Q

3 management options for dealing with hypersalivation?

A
  • Treat the cause - anxiety
  • Training on swallowing control
  • Surgery - gland removal or duct repositioning
  • Anti-muscarinic drugs

BDS4 (63 decks)

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