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BDS4 Exam Perp > PAEDS PRIMARY TRAUMA > Flashcards

PAEDS PRIMARY TRAUMA Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things might cause trauma in a primary tooth?

A
  • Falls
  • Bumping into objects
  • Non-accidental
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2
Q

How would you classify injuries in the dental hard tissues and pulp? (5)

A
  • Enamel fracture
  • Enamel and dentine
  • Enamel, dentine and pulp
  • Crown-root fracture
  • Root fracture
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3
Q

What determines the complexity of dental hard tissues and pulp?

A

If there is pulp exposure

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4
Q

What are the 7 classifications of supporting tissue trauma?

A
  • Concussion
  • Subluxation
  • Lateral luxation
  • Intrusion
  • Extrusion
  • Avulsion
  • Alveolar fracture
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5
Q

What type of hard tissue fracture?

A

Primary Enamel only

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6
Q

What type of hard tissue fracture?

A

Primary Enamel-dentine with no pulp exposure

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7
Q

What type of hard tissue fracture?

A

Primary Enamel and dentine with exposed pulp

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8
Q

Two types of crown root fractures?

A
  • Complicate or uncomplicated depending on the pulp exposure
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9
Q

Define concussion?

A

tooth tender to touch but has not been displaced

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10
Q

Define subluxation?

A

Tooth tender to touch but has increased mobility and has not been displaced?

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11
Q

What are the three types of luxation injuries?

A
  • Lateral luxation
  • Intrusion
  • Extrusion
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12
Q

What type of trauma is this?

A

Lateral luxation - displaced in a palatal/lingual or labial direction

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13
Q

What type of trauma is this?

A

Intrusion - tooth usually displaced through labial bone plate or can impinge in the permanent tooth bud

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14
Q

What type of trauma is this?

A

Extrusion - partial displacement of the tooth out of the socket

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15
Q

What is avulsion?

A

When the tooth is completely out of the socket

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16
Q

What is alveolar fracture?

A

fracture involves the alveolar bone (labial or lingual) and may extend to adjacent bone

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17
Q

What is the most common type of injuries?

A

Luxation

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18
Q

4 questions you would ask about the injury ?

A
  • When did it occur
  • Where did it occur
  • How did it occur
  • Any other symptoms or injuries
  • Where is the lost tooth or fragments?
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19
Q

3 places where a lost tooth/fragments could be ?

A
  • Ingested
  • Inhaled
  • imbedded in the soft tissues
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20
Q

4 points in the medical history that may impact treatment of injuries?

A
  • Congential heart disease
  • history of Rheumatic fever and immunosuppression
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Allergies
  • Tentanus immunisation status
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21
Q

4 extraoral things you would look at when examination a patient presenting with trauma?

A
  • Lacerations
  • Haematoma
  • Subconjuctival haemorrhage
  • Bony step deformities
  • Mouth opening
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22
Q

What may tooth mobility indicate when examining a child intra-orally for trauma?

A
  • Displacement
  • Root or bone fractures
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23
Q

What special investigation would you carry out to check fracture lines in teeth or pulpal degeneration?

A

Transillumination

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24
Q

What may a tactile test with probe indicate during examination?

A
  • detect horizontal or vertical fractures
  • Pulpal involvement
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25
When carrying out a percussion test , what might a duller note indicate?
Root fracture
26
What are 6 things examined in a trauma stamp?
* Mobility * Colour * TTP * Sinus * Percussion note * Radiograph
27
What 5 advise would you give a parent for optimising healing of a primary injured tooth?
* Analgesia * Soft diet for 10-14 days - chew with molars and cut food to small pieces * Brush teeth with soft brush after every meal * Apply chlorhexidine twice daily for one week 0.12% * Watch for signs of infections
28
Treatment for primary enamel fracture?
* Smooth sharp edges
29
Treatment for primary enamel dentine fracture?
Cover exposed dentine with GI or composite and restore lost tooth structure
30
2 treatment options for primary complicated crown fracture?
* Partial pulpotomy * XLA
31
Primary Crown- root fractue treatment?
* Remove the loose fragment and determine if crown can be restored * If pulp exposed - pulpotomy or pulpectomy * If pulp not exposed - cover exposed dentine with GI * If tooth unrestorable - extract loose fragment
32
How to treat a a primary root fracture with undisplaced coronal fragment?
No treatment
33
How to treat a primary root fracture with displaced coronal fragment but no increased mobility with little occlusal interference?
Leave to spontaneously reposition
34
2 treatment options for a primary root fracture with coronal fragment displaced and excessive mobility and occlusal interference?
* Extract loose coronal fragment * Reposition the loose fragment and splint
35
How to treat primary subluxation and concussion?
Observe
36
3 treatment options for primary lateral luxation?
* If minimal - allow to spontaneously resposition * If severe displacement - Extract or reposition and splint
37
How to treat Primary intrusion injuries?
Allow to spontaneously reposition
38
2 types of radiographs to know direction of displacement of a primary intrusion injury?
* Periapical * Lateral pre-maxilla
39
A patient got an intrusion injury , a radiograph was taken where you can see the apical tip of the intruded tooth and the tooth appears shorter than contralateral tooth , what is the direction of displacement?
* Apex displaced towards or through labial bone
40
A child got an intrusion injury, a radiograph was taken where you cannot see the apex of the tooth and tooth appears longer than contralateral, what is the direction of displacement?
* Toward the permanent tooth germ
41
2 management options of primary extrusion injuries?
* Spontaneous repositioning if not interfering with occlusion * If increased mobility or extruded >3mm - XLA
42
How to manage primary avulsion injuries?
* Radiograph * Do not replant
43
How to manage alveolar fracture
Reposition tooth and splint for 4 weeks then consider XLA after bone heals
44
Which guidelines would you use for managing trauma?
* IADT * International association for dental traumatology
45
3 direct complications of trauma to the primary tooth?
* Discolouration * Discolouration and infection * Delayed exfoliation
46
A primary tooth was injured and the colour of it is grey, what might this indicate?
tooth is vital
47
A primary tooth was injured and discoloured to yellow or opaque, what might this indicate
Pulp obliteration
48
Primary tooth trauma is discoloured with symptoms , give 3 findings you would find which indicate that the tooth is not vital?
* Sinus, gingival swelling , abscess * Increased mobility * Radiographic evidence of periapical pathology
49
Give 2 treatment options for a non vital symptomatic primary tooth?
* Extract * Endodontic treatment
50
What type of primary tooth trauma causes the most complication to the developing dentition?
Intrusion injuries
51
7 consequences of primary tooth trauma to the developing dentition?
* Enamel defects * Abnormal crown and root morphology * Delayed eruption * Ectopic tooth position * Arrested development * Complete failure of tooth to form * Odontome formation
52
What is enamel hypomineralisation?
normal thickness but poorly mineralised - qualitative
53
How might a hypomineralised tooth defect colour be?
White or yellow
54
3 treatment options for enamel hypominerlisation?
* No treatment * Composite restoration * Tooth whitening
55
What is enamel hypoplasia? and one treatment?
* Reduced thickness but normal mineralisation * Composite masking
56
2 abnormal crown and root morphology consequences of primary tooth trauma on the developing dentition?
* Crown duplication or dilaceration * Root duplication or dilaceration
57
Define dilaceration
Deviation of the long axis of the root or crown
58
How to manage crown dilaceration?
* surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment * improve aesthetics restoratively
59
How to manage root dilaceration angulation and duplication?
Combined surgical and orthodontic approach
60
How long would you monitor an unerupted tooth due to trauma?
6 months compared to contra lateral then surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment
61
Why might premature loss of primary tooth cause delayed eruption?
Due to thickened mucosa
62
2 treatment options for ectopic tooth position?
* XLA * Surgical exposure and ortho realignment
63
What are 2 treatment options for an arrested tooth development due to trauma?
* Endodontic treatment * Extraction
64
How to manage odontome?
Surgical removal
65

BDS4 Exam Perp (72 decks)

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