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BDS4 Exam Perp > PAEDS PRIMARY TRAUMA > Flashcards

PAEDS PRIMARY TRAUMA Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 things might cause trauma in a primary tooth?

A
  • Falls
  • Bumping into objects
  • Non-accidental
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2
Q

How would you classify injuries in the dental hard tissues and pulp? (5)

A
  • Enamel fracture
  • Enamel and dentine
  • Enamel, dentine and pulp
  • Crown-root fracture
  • Root fracture
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3
Q

What determines the complexity of dental hard tissues and pulp?

A

If there is pulp exposure

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4
Q

What are the 7 classifications of supporting tissue trauma?

A
  • Concussion
  • Subluxation
  • Lateral luxation
  • Intrusion
  • Extrusion
  • Avulsion
  • Alveolar fracture
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5
Q

What type of hard tissue fracture?

A

Primary Enamel only

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6
Q

What type of hard tissue fracture?

A

Primary Enamel-dentine with no pulp exposure

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7
Q

What type of hard tissue fracture?

A

Primary Enamel and dentine with exposed pulp

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8
Q

Two types of crown root fractures?

A
  • Complicate or uncomplicated depending on the pulp exposure
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9
Q

Define concussion?

A

tooth tender to touch but has not been displaced

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10
Q

Define subluxation?

A

Tooth tender to touch but has increased mobility and has not been displaced?

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11
Q

What are the three types of luxation injuries?

A
  • Lateral luxation
  • Intrusion
  • Extrusion
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12
Q

What type of trauma is this?

A

Lateral luxation - displaced in a palatal/lingual or labial direction

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13
Q

What type of trauma is this?

A

Intrusion - tooth usually displaced through labial bone plate or can impinge in the permanent tooth bud

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14
Q

What type of trauma is this?

A

Extrusion - partial displacement of the tooth out of the socket

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15
Q

What is avulsion?

A

When the tooth is completely out of the socket

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16
Q

What is alveolar fracture?

A

fracture involves the alveolar bone (labial or lingual) and may extend to adjacent bone

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17
Q

What is the most common type of injuries?

A

Luxation

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18
Q

4 questions you would ask about the injury ?

A
  • When did it occur
  • Where did it occur
  • How did it occur
  • Any other symptoms or injuries
  • Where is the lost tooth or fragments?
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19
Q

3 places where a lost tooth/fragments could be ?

A
  • Ingested
  • Inhaled
  • imbedded in the soft tissues
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20
Q

4 points in the medical history that may impact treatment of injuries?

A
  • Congential heart disease
  • history of Rheumatic fever and immunosuppression
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Allergies
  • Tentanus immunisation status
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21
Q

4 extraoral things you would look at when examination a patient presenting with trauma?

A
  • Lacerations
  • Haematoma
  • Subconjuctival haemorrhage
  • Bony step deformities
  • Mouth opening
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22
Q

What may tooth mobility indicate when examining a child intra-orally for trauma?

A
  • Displacement
  • Root or bone fractures
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23
Q

What special investigation would you carry out to check fracture lines in teeth or pulpal degeneration?

A

Transillumination

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24
Q

What may a tactile test with probe indicate during examination?

A
  • detect horizontal or vertical fractures
  • Pulpal involvement
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25
Q

When carrying out a percussion test , what might a duller note indicate?

A

Root fracture

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26
Q

What are 6 things examined in a trauma stamp?

A
  • Mobility
  • Colour
  • TTP
  • Sinus
  • Percussion note
  • Radiograph
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27
Q

What 5 advise would you give a parent for optimising healing of a primary injured tooth?

A
  • Analgesia
  • Soft diet for 10-14 days - chew with molars and cut food to small pieces
  • Brush teeth with soft brush after every meal
  • Apply chlorhexidine twice daily for one week 0.12%
  • Watch for signs of infections
28
Q

Treatment for primary enamel fracture?

A
  • Smooth sharp edges
29
Q

Treatment for primary enamel dentine fracture?

A

Cover exposed dentine with GI or composite and restore lost tooth structure

30
Q

2 treatment options for primary complicated crown fracture?

A
  • Partial pulpotomy
  • XLA
31
Q

Primary Crown- root fractue treatment?

A
  • Remove the loose fragment and determine if crown can be restored
  • If pulp exposed - pulpotomy or pulpectomy
  • If pulp not exposed - cover exposed dentine with GI
  • If tooth unrestorable - extract loose fragment
32
Q

How to treat a a primary root fracture with undisplaced coronal fragment?

A

No treatment

33
Q

How to treat a primary root fracture with displaced coronal fragment but no increased mobility with little occlusal interference?

A

Leave to spontaneously reposition

34
Q

2 treatment options for a primary root fracture with coronal fragment displaced and excessive mobility and occlusal interference?

A
  • Extract loose coronal fragment
  • Reposition the loose fragment and splint
35
Q

How to treat primary subluxation and concussion?

A

Observe

36
Q

3 treatment options for primary lateral luxation?

A
  • If minimal - allow to spontaneously resposition
  • If severe displacement - Extract or reposition and splint
37
Q

How to treat Primary intrusion injuries?

A

Allow to spontaneously reposition

38
Q

2 types of radiographs to know direction of displacement of a primary intrusion injury?

A
  • Periapical
  • Lateral pre-maxilla
39
Q

A patient got an intrusion injury , a radiograph was taken where you can see the apical tip of the intruded tooth and the tooth appears shorter than contralateral tooth , what is the direction of displacement?

A
  • Apex displaced towards or through labial bone
40
Q

A child got an intrusion injury, a radiograph was taken where you cannot see the apex of the tooth and tooth appears longer than contralateral, what is the direction of displacement?

A
  • Toward the permanent tooth germ
41
Q

2 management options of primary extrusion injuries?

A
  • Spontaneous repositioning if not interfering with occlusion
  • If increased mobility or extruded >3mm - XLA
42
Q

How to manage primary avulsion injuries?

A
  • Radiograph
  • Do not replant
43
Q

How to manage alveolar fracture

A

Reposition tooth and splint for 4 weeks then consider XLA after bone heals

44
Q

Which guidelines would you use for managing trauma?

A
  • IADT
  • International association for dental traumatology
45
Q

3 direct complications of trauma to the primary tooth?

A
  • Discolouration
  • Discolouration and infection
  • Delayed exfoliation
46
Q

A primary tooth was injured and the colour of it is grey, what might this indicate?

A

tooth is vital

47
Q

A primary tooth was injured and discoloured to yellow or opaque, what might this indicate

A

Pulp obliteration

48
Q

Primary tooth trauma is discoloured with symptoms , give 3 findings you would find which indicate that the tooth is not vital?

A
  • Sinus, gingival swelling , abscess
  • Increased mobility
  • Radiographic evidence of periapical pathology
49
Q

Give 2 treatment options for a non vital symptomatic primary tooth?

A
  • Extract
  • Endodontic treatment
50
Q

What type of primary tooth trauma causes the most complication to the developing dentition?

A

Intrusion injuries

51
Q

7 consequences of primary tooth trauma to the developing dentition?

A
  • Enamel defects
  • Abnormal crown and root morphology
  • Delayed eruption
  • Ectopic tooth position
  • Arrested development
  • Complete failure of tooth to form
  • Odontome formation
52
Q

What is enamel hypomineralisation?

A

normal thickness but poorly mineralised - qualitative

53
Q

How might a hypomineralised tooth defect colour be?

A

White or yellow

54
Q

3 treatment options for enamel hypominerlisation?

A
  • No treatment
  • Composite restoration
  • Tooth whitening
55
Q

What is enamel hypoplasia? and one treatment?

A
  • Reduced thickness but normal mineralisation
  • Composite masking
56
Q

2 abnormal crown and root morphology consequences of primary tooth trauma on the developing dentition?

A
  • Crown duplication or dilaceration
  • Root duplication or dilaceration
57
Q

Define dilaceration

A

Deviation of the long axis of the root or crown

58
Q

How to manage crown dilaceration?

A
  • surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment
  • improve aesthetics restoratively
59
Q

How to manage root dilaceration angulation and duplication?

A

Combined surgical and orthodontic approach

60
Q

How long would you monitor an unerupted tooth due to trauma?

A

6 months compared to contra lateral
then surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment

61
Q

Why might premature loss of primary tooth cause delayed eruption?

A

Due to thickened mucosa

62
Q

2 treatment options for ectopic tooth position?

A
  • XLA
  • Surgical exposure and ortho realignment
63
Q

What are 2 treatment options for an arrested tooth development due to trauma?

A
  • Endodontic treatment
  • Extraction
64
Q

How to manage odontome?

A

Surgical removal

65
Q
A

BDS4 Exam Perp (72 decks)

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