Fixed appliances Flashcards by Ziyad Zakariya

What is a fixed appliance?

An appliance which is fixed to the teeth and cannot be removed by the patient that is able to produce precision tooth movements

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4 advantages of fixed appliances over removable appliances?

3d control of tooth
Complex tooth movements
Control of root
Less dependant on compliance

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3 disadvantages of fixed appliances?

Risk of iatrogenic damage
Requires excellent oral hygiene
Poor intrinsic anchorage

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What type of movements can be produced by a removable appliance?

Simple tooth movements - tipping

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What are 2 advantages of removable appliance over fixed appliance?

Good intrinsic anchorage
Less iatrogenic damage

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3 disadvantages of removeable appliances compared to fixed appliances?

Greater compliance required
Can be lost
No control over root movement

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5 indications of fixed appliance?

tooth alignement
correction of rotations
Centreline corrections
Overbite and overjet reduction
Closing and creating spaces

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What are andrews six keys (treatment goals)

Tight approximal contacts with no rotations
Class I incisors
Class I molars
Flat occlusal plane or slight curve of spee
Long axis of the teeth have a slight mesial inclincation except lower incisors
The crowns of the canines back to the have a lingual inclination

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Other than brackets , bands , and archwire
List 4 other components of a fixed appliance?

Modules
Auxiliaries
Anchorage components
Force generating components

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What is this?

Bracket

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What is this?

Archwire

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What is this ?

Elastic module

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What is this?

Molar tube

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What is this?

Molar band

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3 components of a bracket?

Bracket slot
Bracket base
Tie wings

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What 3 materials can be used in brackets?

Metal - SS, CoCr, Ti, Au
Polymers
Ceramics

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What is required before placing a band?

Require space , can be achieved by placing separators

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What are bands made of?

Stainless steel

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What is included in the bracket prescription?

Tip
Torque
In and out control

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What type of retention is between brackets and tooth with composite and acid etch?

Micomechanical retention

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What would you use to bond molar bands?

5 materials that can be used in archwire?

SS
NiTi
CoCr
Beta titanium
Composite or glass

3 featured of nickel titanium archwire?

Flexible
Good shape memory
Exerts light continuous force

What is meant by shape memory?

can return to original shape
Cannot be bent

in relation to friction, compare NiTi to SS archwire?

NiTi has higher friction than SS

2 feature of SS archwire?

* low friction - slide teeth * Formable as can bend and create loops

4 force generating components that have sliding mechanics?

* Elastic power chain * NiTi coils * Intra-oral elastics * Active ligature

Explain how teeth can move by elastics or springs?

Teeth move by utilising the energy stored in the elastic or spring

What is this?

Elastomeric chain

What is this?

Nickel titanium coil springs

What are these?

Intra-oral elastics

What is anchorage?

* Resistance to unwanted tooth movement can be explained by newton 3rd law which states that every force has an equal but opposite reactionary force

What is the first aspect of treatment planning in fixed ortho?

Anchorage

What is this type of anchorage?

* Simple- using 2 teeth (one big and one small)

What is this type of anchorage?

Compound - using two teeth to move a smaller tooth

What is this type of anchorage?

Reciprocal - using two teeth of equal size

What is this type of anchorage?

Absolute

What is absolute anchorage?

Using temporary anchorage devices which are non osseointegrating mini screws

What is this?

* Cortical anchorage

What are the advantages of cortical anchorage?

* Cortical plates provide increased resistance to tooth movement and maintains intermolar width

One example of cortical anchorage?

Nance palatal arch utilises the palatal vault for anchorage

What type of anchorage is this?

Intermaxillary anchorage using intraoral elastics

6 dental features that have a high relapse potential?

* Diastemas * Rotations * Palatally ectopic canines * Proclination of lower incisors * Anterior open bite * Instanding upper lateral incisors

What is this type of retainer? what does it consist of and what does it do? What is the disadvantage of it ?

* Hawley removable retainer * Labial bow to control incisors and canines * Not well tolerated in the lower arch

A patient ask when they should wear their pressure formed retainers , what would you say?

All the time except for eating or drinking then only at night

What type of brackets cause the highest risk of enamel wear?

Ceramic

How long does average fixed appliance takes?

18-24 months

How long does hypodontia cases take ?

24-30 months

How long does orthognathic cases take?

24 -30 months

When would you make adjustments to fixed appliances?

every 4-8 weeks

What are the initial problems encountered with fixed appliances? (4)

* Pain * Mucosal irritation * Ulceration * Appliance breakage