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BDS4 Exam Perp > Fixed appliances > Flashcards

Fixed appliances Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fixed appliance?

A
  • An appliance which is fixed to the teeth and cannot be removed by the patient that is able to produce precision tooth movements
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2
Q

4 advantages of fixed appliances over removable appliances?

A
  • 3d control of tooth
  • Complex tooth movements
  • Control of root
  • Less dependant on compliance
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3
Q

3 disadvantages of fixed appliances?

A
  • Risk of iatrogenic damage
  • Requires excellent oral hygiene
  • Poor intrinsic anchorage
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4
Q

What type of movements can be produced by a removable appliance?

A
  • Simple tooth movements - tipping
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5
Q

What are 2 advantages of removable appliance over fixed appliance?

A
  • Good intrinsic anchorage
  • Less iatrogenic damage
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6
Q

3 disadvantages of removeable appliances compared to fixed appliances?

A
  • Greater compliance required
  • Can be lost
  • No control over root movement
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7
Q

5 indications of fixed appliance?

A
  • tooth alignement
  • correction of rotations
  • Centreline corrections
  • Overbite and overjet reduction
  • Closing and creating spaces
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8
Q

What are andrews six keys (treatment goals)

A
  • Tight approximal contacts with no rotations
  • Class I incisors
  • Class I molars
  • Flat occlusal plane or slight curve of spee
  • Long axis of the teeth have a slight mesial inclincation except lower incisors
  • The crowns of the canines back to the have a lingual inclination
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9
Q

Other than brackets , bands , and archwire
List 4 other components of a fixed appliance?

A
  • Modules
  • Auxiliaries
  • Anchorage components
  • Force generating components
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10
Q

What is this?

A

Bracket

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Archwire

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12
Q

What is this ?

A

Elastic module

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13
Q

What is this?

A

Molar tube

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14
Q

What is this?

A

Molar band

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15
Q

3 components of a bracket?

A
  • Bracket slot
  • Bracket base
  • Tie wings
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16
Q

What 3 materials can be used in brackets?

A
  • Metal - SS, CoCr, Ti, Au
  • Polymers
  • Ceramics
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17
Q

What is required before placing a band?

A

Require space , can be achieved by placing separators

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18
Q

What are bands made of?

A

Stainless steel

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19
Q

What is included in the bracket prescription?

A
  • Tip
  • Torque
  • In and out control
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20
Q

What type of retention is between brackets and tooth with composite and acid etch?

A
  • Micomechanical retention
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21
Q

What would you use to bond molar bands?

A

GI

22
Q

5 materials that can be used in archwire?

A
  • SS
  • NiTi
  • CoCr
  • Beta titanium
  • Composite or glass
23
Q

3 featured of nickel titanium archwire?

A
  • Flexible
  • Good shape memory
  • Exerts light continuous force
24
Q

What is meant by shape memory?

A
  • can return to original shape
  • Cannot be bent
25
Q

in relation to friction, compare NiTi to SS archwire?

A

NiTi has higher friction than SS

26
Q

2 feature of SS archwire?

A
  • low friction - slide teeth
  • Formable as can bend and create loops
27
Q

4 force generating components that have sliding mechanics?

A
  • Elastic power chain
  • NiTi coils
  • Intra-oral elastics
  • Active ligature
28
Q

Explain how teeth can move by elastics or springs?

A

Teeth move by utilising the energy stored in the elastic or spring

29
Q

What is this?

A

Elastomeric chain

30
Q

What is this?

A

Nickel titanium coil springs

31
Q

What are these?

A

Intra-oral elastics

32
Q

What is anchorage?

A
  • Resistance to unwanted tooth movement can be explained by newton 3rd law which states that every force has an equal but opposite reactionary force
33
Q

What is the first aspect of treatment planning in fixed ortho?

A

Anchorage

34
Q

What is this type of anchorage?

A
  • Simple- using 2 teeth (one big and one small)
35
Q

What is this type of anchorage?

A

Compound - using two teeth to move a smaller tooth

36
Q

What is this type of anchorage?

A

Reciprocal - using two teeth of equal size

37
Q

What is this type of anchorage?

A

Absolute

37
Q

What is absolute anchorage?

A

Using temporary anchorage devices which are non osseointegrating mini screws

38
Q

What is this?

A
  • Cortical anchorage
39
Q

What are the advantages of cortical anchorage?

A
  • Cortical plates provide increased resistance to tooth movement and maintains intermolar width
39
Q

One example of cortical anchorage?

A

Nance palatal arch utilises the palatal vault for anchorage

40
Q

What type of anchorage is this?

A

Intermaxillary anchorage using intraoral elastics

41
Q

6 dental features that have a high relapse potential?

A
  • Diastemas
  • Rotations
  • Palatally ectopic canines
  • Proclination of lower incisors
  • Anterior open bite
  • Instanding upper lateral incisors
42
Q

What is this type of retainer? what does it consist of and what does it do? What is the disadvantage of it ?

A
  • Hawley removable retainer
  • Labial bow to control incisors and canines
  • Not well tolerated in the lower arch
43
Q

A patient ask when they should wear their pressure formed retainers , what would you say?

A

All the time except for eating or drinking then only at night

44
Q

What type of brackets cause the highest risk of enamel wear?

A

Ceramic

45
Q

How long does average fixed appliance takes?

A

18-24 months

46
Q

How long does hypodontia cases take ?

A

24-30 months

47
Q

How long does orthognathic cases take?

A

24 -30 months

48
Q

When would you make adjustments to fixed appliances?

A

every 4-8 weeks

49
Q

What are the initial problems encountered with fixed appliances? (4)

A
  • Pain
  • Mucosal irritation
  • Ulceration
  • Appliance breakage
50
Q
A

BDS4 Exam Perp (72 decks)

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