Oral surgery questions Flashcards
What foramen does the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve pass through?
Superior orbital fissure
What foramen does the maxillary branch of Trigeminal nerve pass through?
Foramen rotundum
What foramen does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve pass through?
Foramen ovale
What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the masseter ?
- Origin - zygomatic arch
- Insertion - lateral surface and angle of mandible
- innervation - masseteric branch of V3
- Function - elevates and retrude mandible
What is the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?
- Elevation
- Protrusion
- Lateral movements
How to test the masseter?
Clench teeth together and palpate area
What is the origin, insertion, innervation and function of the Temporalis ?
- Origin - floor of temporal fossa
- Insertion - coronoid process and anterior border of ramus
- Innervation - deep temporal nerve (anterior part) of V3
- Function - elevates and retracts mandible
How to test the temporalis?
Clench teeth together and palpate all fibres ( middle, posterior and anterior)
What is the origin , insertion , innervation of the medial pterygoid?
Origin -
** deep head** : palatine bone
** Superficial head** : Maxillary tuberosity
Insertion -
* Medial surface of the ramus and angle of the mandible
Innervation
Medial prterygoid nerve of V3
How to test medial pterygoid muscle?
Intra-orally and can be painful
What is the origin, insertion, innervation and the lateral pterygoid ?
- Origin -
infratemporal crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone (superior)
lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate (inferior) - Insertion - anterior border of the condyle (superior) and pterygoid fovae (inferior)
- Innervation - anterior division to lateral pterygoid branch of V3
How to test lateral pterygoid?
Move jaw side to side ( put finger on tragus of ear)
What is the function of the lateral pterygoid?
- positions disk in closing (superior)
- protrudes and depresses mandible and causes lateral movements (inferior)
What is the function of the supra-hyoid muscles?
elevate hyoid bone and depress mandible
Describe histopathology of SCC
- increased mitotic activity
- abnormal keratinisations (keratin pearls)
- Hyper- chromatic nuclei
- cellular pleomorphism
- basal cell hyperplasia
- irregular epithelial stratification
- disturbed polarity of basal cells
- drop shaped rete pegs
- connective tissue stroma with inflammation (lymphocytes and histocytes)
What are 80% of SCC?
well differentiated or moderately differentiated
Other than pain, swelling and bruising what 6 other signs are associated with a mandibular fracture?
- occlusal derangement
- numbness of lower lip
- loose or mobile teeth
- bleeding in the ear
- facial asymmetry
- anterior open bite
- deviation of the mandible to one side
What radiographic views are required for a mandibular fracture?
- OPT and PA mandible
- Town’s view
- CT Scan - axial, sagittal, coronal
- Occlusal
- Lateral Oblique
What factors are considered for a mandibular fracture tx?
- direction of fracture line
- opposing occlusion
- magnitude of force
- mechanism of injury
- Intact soft tissue
What does displacement of fragments depend on in a mandibular fracture?
- Angulation and direction of fracture line
- Location of fracture
- Pull of the attached muscles
- Integrity of the periosteum
- Extent of communication (soft tissue injuries)
- Displacement of blow
List 3 management options for mandibular fractures?
- Undisplaced fracture - monitor
- Displaced or mobile fracture - closed reduction and fixation + open reduction and internal fixation
Bleeding after extraction of 26 that won’t stop
how would you manage?
- Ensure you have an accurate medical and drug history and identify where bleeding is coming from
- Apply pressure with damp gauze and ask patient to bite on it
- Use LA with vasoconstrictor
- Bone wax or fibrin foam
- Suture the socket
- Diathermy to close blood vessels
- Haemocollagen sponge
- Floseal
What is a local risk factor for delayed onset of bleeding?
- LA with vasoconstrictor wears off
- Loosening of the sutures
- Patient causes trauma to the socket with tongue, finger or food etc..
Examples of acquired bleeding disorder?
- Warfarin
- Anti-platelet drugs such as clopidogrel