Prevention of Diabetes Flashcards
What proportion of the US population has diabetes?
10%
Of those who technically have pre-diabetes, how many “know it?”
10%
Diabetes is the leading cause of what complications.
1) ESRD
2) new cases of blindness
3) non-traumatic limb amputations
Describe the pathophysiology of Type I Diabetes
autoimmune response destroys pancreatic beta-cells
Describe the pathophys of T2DM
not enough insulin or insulin resistance
T1DM makes up what proportion of all diabetes cases
10%
Describe the fasting plasma glucose test
measures the amount of glucose in the blood after an 8-10h fast
Describe the oral glucose tolerance test
after FPG, glucose is consumed and plasma drawn 1 & 2h later
Describe the glycosylated hemoglobin test
measures the % Hb bound to glucose to give the average plasma glucose concentration over the past 2-3 months
What is the name of the lab value determined from glycosylated hemoglobin test?
HbA1C or A1C
What is the normal range for FPG
<100 mg/dL
What is the normal range for OGTT @2h?
<140 mg/dL
what is the normal range for A1C?
< 5.7
What is the pre-diabetes range for FPG?
100-125 mg/dL
What is the pre-diabetes range for OGTT @ 2h?
140-199 mg/dL
What is the pre-diabetes range for A1C?
5.7 - 6.4
If FPG is in the pre-diabetic range you have…
IFG – Impaired Fasting Glucose
If OGTT is within the pre-diabetic range, you have…
IGT – Impaired Glucose Tolerance
How is pre-diabetes diagnosed?
IFG or IGT
Describe the prognosis for pre-diabetics
3-5y: 25% diabetic, 25% normal
5+ y: majority diabetic
If both IFG & IGT, what is the prognosis for diabetes?
50% of pts will go diabetic
How often should diabetes testing take place?
Every 3 years
every 1 year for pre-diabetics
Who should be tested for diabetes?
1) all > 45yo
2) overweight + 1 risk factor
3) symptomatic
4) overweight KIDS + 2 risk factors
What are risk factors for diabetes?
1) f/h
2) overweight (>25)
3) h/o CVD
4) prior IFG, IGT, AIZ > 5.7
5) HDL < 35 mg/dL
6) TG > 250 mg/dL
7) GDM or baby > 9#
