3_3DietingStrategies

Question 1

disadvantage of bmi

Answer 1

does not distinguish fat from lean mass or indicate fat distribution

Question 2

what is glycemic index?

Answer 2

a measure of a food’s ability to raise blood sugar in a give ntime period

Question 3

what are the possible values for glycemic index?

Answer 3

0-100

Question 4

What did WHO & FAO recommend in 99?

Answer 4

industrialized peoples should eat low-GI foods for decreased CAD, DM, and obesity

Question 5

What are hi-GI foods?

Answer 5

1) rice, 2) baked potatoes, 3) raisins

Question 6

What are low-GI foods?

Answer 6

1) nonstarchy veggies, 2) fruits, 3) legumes

Question 7

Where is gluten found?

Answer 7

in wheat, rye, barley, and processed foods

Question 8

What is celiac disease?

Answer 8

autoimmune GI disease from gluten peptides causing inflammation

Question 9

What percentage of the population does celiac disease affect?

Answer 9

6-Jan

Question 10

What is the treatment for celiac disease?

Answer 10

avoid gluten

Question 11

What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

Answer 11

1) diarrhea, 2) bloating, 3) cramping, 4) bowel changes, 5) weight loss, 5) fatigue, 6) malabsorption

Question 12

How is celiac disease diagnosed?

Answer 12

1) blood test, 2) bowel biopsy, 3) postive response to gluten-free diet

Question 13

What are the 4 phases in the Atkins diet?

Answer 13

induction (20g CHO), then stages 2-3 add back CHO in 5g increments

Question 14

What are the negative aspects of Atkins?

Answer 14

high fat (especially saturated)

Question 15

When did the Atkins diet begin?

Answer 15

1972

Question 16

What are the high-protein, low-carb fad diets?

Answer 16

1) atkins, 2) south beach

Question 17

Who started the South Beach diet?

Answer 17

cardiologist arthur agatston

Question 18

What are the aspects of the south beach diet?

Answer 18

atkins diet with the following modifications: 1) control saturated fat, 2) emphasize low-GI foods

Question 19

What proportionso f the macronutrients do liquid diet shakes (VLCDs) provide?

Answer 19

70-100 g/day protein; 80 g/day CHO; 15 g/day fat + vitamins

Question 20

What are the negative aspects of liquid diets?

Answer 20

1) gall stone risk; 2) require medical monitoring & BMOD

Question 21

What is the calorie content of a VLCD per day?

Answer 21

< 800 cal/day

Question 22

Which premeasured VLCD products emphasize glycemic index?

Answer 22

nutrisystem

Question 23

What are the calorie requirements in a premeasured VLCD diet?

Answer 23

1000-15000 cal/day via meal replacements

Question 24

What is the expected weight loss in premeasured VLCDs?

Answer 24

10-12% over 12-16 weeks if bmod included

Question 25

What should patients of premeasured diets watch out for?

Answer 25

salt and additives

Question 26

What is included in the HCG diet?

Answer 26

drops of hormone under the tongue + 500-800 cal/day

Question 27

Negative aspects of the HCG diet?

Answer 27

1) can’t meet nutritional needs, 2) vitamin/mineral deficiencies

Question 28

What are hidden sources of gluten?

Answer 28

1) wheat starch, 2) chocolate milk, 3) licorice, 4) cheese spread, 5) hydrolyzed veggie protein, 6) barley malt in rice/corn cereals

Question 29

What drug excipients are gluten-free?

Answer 29

1) corn/potato starch, 2) sweeteners, 3) thickeners like cellulose, agar, alginates, xanthan gums

Question 30

What vitamins/minerals may be deficient in a gluten free diet?

Answer 30

1) fat soluble ADEK, 2) Ca, Fe; 3) B12 and folic acid

Question 31

Negative aspects of the gluten-free diet?

Answer 31

can cause low-fiber and hi-fat diet

Question 32

What does DASH stand for?

Answer 32

dietary approaches to stop HTN

Question 33

What does the DASH diet emphasize?

Answer 33

1) decrease salt, 2) decrease alcohol, 3) increase potassium

Question 34

What are the well-respected dieting strategies?

Answer 34

1) dash, 2) mediterranean, 3) weight watchers, 4) portion control

Question 35

What are the proposed benefits of emphasizing low glycemic index foods?

Answer 35

1) improve sugar, 2) improve insulin sensitivity, 3) improve lipids; 4) control appetite

Question 36

What studies looked at BMI and physical activities effects on mortality?

Answer 36

1) 1998 cooper, 2) 2004 jama, 3) 2004 nejm, 4) 2008 women’s health

Question 37

Which study comparing BMI and activity level to mortality/morbidity had results differing from the others?

Answer 37

2008 women’s health (said weight mattered more than activity level)

Question 38

What does the ADA recommend regarding the glycemic index?

Answer 38

balance! Can be deceiving, and total amount of CHO may be a stronger index of glucose response; 1) combine with CHO counting, 2) combine hi-GI with low-GI foods