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Drew 923 > Cardiovascular Disease > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are possible fates of a plaque?

A

1) narrowing of vessel
2) plaque ulceration
3) intraplaque hemorrhage
4) peripheral emboli
5) wall weakening

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2
Q

What proportion of deaths are CV related?

A

25%

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3
Q

What are risk factors of CV disease?

A

1) age, f/h
2) diabetes
3) dyslipidemia, HTN
4) BMI > 25
5) physical inactivity
6) Tobacco use

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4
Q

At 55yo, how much longer can a pt with optimal risk factor profile expect to live?

A

14 years

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5
Q

Who has higher risk for CV dz – men or women?

A

men

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6
Q

Target range for cholesterol

A

< 180 mg/dL

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7
Q

Target range for fasting glucose?

A

< 100 mg/dL

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8
Q

Target range for BMI

A

< 25

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9
Q

Target range for physical activity

A

> 150 min/wk

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10
Q

What is defined as 1 serving of whole grains?

A

16 g = 1 oz

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11
Q

How many servings of whole grain per day has been shown to reduce risk for CV dz?

A

2.5 servings/day

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12
Q

What are the recommended servings for whole grain?

A

women: 2-3
men: 4

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13
Q

What are examples of whole grains?

A

amaranth, barley, buckwheat, corn, oat, quinoa

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14
Q

What nutrients are found in whole grains?

A

fiber, folic acid, Mg, vit E

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15
Q

What are sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

A

1) flax
2) soy/tofu
3) fatty fish
4) walnuts

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16
Q

What are benefits of omega-3 fatty acids?

A 
anti-clotting
anti-arrhythmic
anti-inflammatory
-TGs
-BP
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17
Q

What nutrients are found in flax seed?

A

Mg, K, minerals,

& soluble fiber

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18
Q

Benefits of soluble fiber

A

-lipids

+laxation

19
Q

What is the best source of alpha-linoleic acid?

A

flax seed (1 tsp = 600mg)

20
Q

How much vinegar should be added to high glycemic-index foods?

A

1 tbsp

21
Q

Benefits of adding vinegar to high glycemic-index foods?

A

-post-prandial glucose by 25%
+satiety (2*)

superior nutrient-calorie ratio when added to cruciferous greens

22
Q

What are the recommendations for fish in pt without CVD?

A

fish 2 x/week

23
Q

What are the recommendations for fish in patient with CVD?

A

0.5 - 1.8 g/day

24
Q

What the recommendations for fish in patient with high TGs?

A

2-4 g/day

25
Q

What fish are sources of EPA & DHA?

A

tuna, mackerel, herring, anchovies, sardines

26
Q

Benefits of garlic, onions, & leeks?

A
  • LDL, -TG, -TC, -BP

- thromboses, -free radicals

27
Q

How much garlic is required to decrease FA synthesis by 10%?

A

0.5 - 1 clove/day

28
Q

What compound is found in red wine?

A

resveratrol – a polyphenol

29
Q

What are the apparent benefits of resveratrol?

A

-LDL, -platelet activity, -thrombosis, -free radicals

30
Q

What foods are sources of resveratrol?

A

red wine, grapes, peanuts

31
Q

What is the recommendation for wine per day?

A

men: 1-2 glasses/day
women: 3 x/wk

32
Q

Disadvantages of the DASH diet?

A
    • < 22% of patients adherent

- - complicated

33
Q

What is the recommended amount of sodium in the DASH diet?

A

1000 - 2300 mg/day

34
Q

What the requirements of the dash diet?

A

1) 1000 - 2300 mg Na/day
2) -weight
3) -EtOH
4) +K

35
Q

What is the recommended amount of cholesterol according to the National Cholesterol Education Panel Step 1 Diet?

A

< 300 mg/day

36
Q

What are the 2 sources of cholesterol?

A

1) dietary

2) liver

37
Q

What are good sources of cholesterol?

A

mono- and poly-unsaturated fats

38
Q

What are sources of mono-unsaturated fats?

A

nuts, avocados, whole grain wheat, olive oil, popcorn, eggs

39
Q

What are sources of polyunsaturated fats?

A

soy, fish, peanuts, grains

40
Q

What is an omega egg?

A

An egg with increased amount of omega-3 FAs.

41
Q

What compound is found in chocolate?

A

flavanols

42
Q

What are sources of flavanols?

A

Chocolate

Green & black teas

43
Q

What are the benefits of flavanols?

A

1) -BP in HTN pts by +NO formation

Drew 923 (28 decks)

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