Diets

Question 1

Describe the mechanical soft diet.

Answer 1

Purpose: poor dentition, head/neck surgery, dysphagia
Diet: Ground meat to chewable form
Restricted: Raw fruits, veggies, nuts/seeds

Question 2

Pureed diet

Answer 2

Purpose: minimal chewing & swallowing
Diet: Soft & consistent textures, blended foods, shaped foods

Question 3

Low Bacteria diet

Answer 3

Purpose: immunocompromised / -suppressed pts
Diet: through washing & cooking

Question 4

Cirrhosis diet

Answer 4

Purpose: regeneration & nutrition, prevent hepatic encephalopathy
Diet: hi-cal, hi-protein
Restricted: EtOH, fat (if jaundiced), Na + fluid (if ascites)

Question 5

Hepatic encephalopathy diet

Answer 5

Purpose: promote regeneration, prevent tissue catabolism & NH3 production
Diet: hi-cal, hi protein
Restricted: Na+fluid if ascites

Question 6

Fat restricted diet

Answer 6

purpose: disorders causing fat maldigestion & malabsorption, gallbladder dz, chylous ascites, chylothorax, heart-healthy, weight
Diet: medium-chain TGs for steatorrhea
Restricted: fat, coconut juice, meat w/ skin, dairy (if > 3 g fat), frozen (> 10 g fat), CHO (> 2 g fat)

Question 7

TLC diet

Answer 7

Purpose: reduce LDL, improve lipids, reduce CV dz risk, reduce risk of DM
Diet: 
     -- sat. fat: < 200mg/d
     -- total fat: 25-35% cal
     -- s. fiber: 10 - 25 g/d
     -- calories: manage
     -- sodium: 2300 mg/d

Question 8

Sodium-controlled diet

Answer 8

Purpose: HTN, edema/ascites, CV/renal dz
Restricted:
– 250-500 mg (acute) or 1-2g (long-term)
– processed foods

Question 9

DASH diet

Answer 9

Diet: emphasize fruits, veggies, whole grain, fat-free dairy, lean meat, nuts
Restricted: 1500 or 2300 mg Na

Question 10

High fiber diet

Answer 10

Purpose: diverticular dz, IBS, constipation, weight control
Diet: whole grain, fr/veg, legumes, 64oz liquid/day
Restricted: nuts/seeds if not tolerated in diverticular dz

Question 11

Renal predialysis diet

Answer 11

Diet: Na, K, fluid as tolerated
Restricted:
     -- Protein (0.6 - 0.8 g/kg)
     -- P (< 10 mg/kg/day)
     -- Ca (1-1.5 g/day)

Question 12

Renal hemodialysis & peritoneal dialysis diet

Answer 12

Diet:
     -- Protein (1.2 - 1.8 g/kg)
     -- if HD, fluid (urine + 500mL)
Restricted:
     -- Ca (< 2000 mg)
     -- P (< 17 mg/kg/day)
     -- K (2-4 g/day)
     -- Na (2 g/day)

Question 13

For diabetes, how many servings per meal, and how many for snacks?

Answer 13

women: 3-4/meal
men: 4-5/meal
1-2 for snacks

Question 14

How much is 1 serving of CHO for diabetics?

Answer 14

15g = 1 serving CHO

Question 15

Diabetes diet

Answer 15

CHO counting
Avoid sweets
Limit fats
Regular meal times

Question 16

High Protein, Hi Cal

Answer 16

Purpose: burn victims, malnourishment
Diet: meat, milk, cheese, snacks

Question 17

Burn diet

Answer 17

Diet: vitamins, amino acids (arg, glu), hi-cal, hi-protein
Restricted: fat, if possible

Question 18

what are sources of soluble fiber?

Answer 18

oat bran, nuts/seeds, beans, lentils, peas, cucumbers, psyllium

Question 19

what are sources of insoluble fiber?

Answer 19

wheat bran, nuts/seeds, zucchini, broccoli, cabbage, green beans, dark green leafy veggies, grapes, raisins, whole grains

Question 20

Gastric bypass diet

Answer 20

1) 3 slow meals per day
2) protein, lo-cal, MVI
3) separate solids & liquids
4) progress from thin pureed ( 2-3 oz) to calorie control (4-5oz)