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Drew 923 > 3_2Eye > Flashcards

3_2Eye Flashcards

1
Q

What eye conditions are commonly in infants/children?

A

1) stabismus, 2) refractive error 3) amblyopia 4) conjunctivitis

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2
Q

What is strabismus?

A

double vision where the brain ignores the turned eye and the turned eye has permanent poor vision

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3
Q

What are treatments for strabismus?

A

glasses, muscle surgery, vision therapy exercises

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4
Q

What problems are types of uncorrected refractive error?

A

1) hyperopia, 2) myopia, 3) astigmatism

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5
Q

What is hyperopia?

A

farsightedness

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6
Q

Which refractive error can be compensated by focusing in children?

A

hyperopia

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7
Q

What is myopia?

A

nearsightedness, where the lens is too strong and light falls before the retina

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8
Q

You are near/far-sighted?

A

nearsighted

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9
Q

What is astimatism?

A

condition in which the lens doesn’t focus horizontal and vertical lines equally

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10
Q

What are 2 commonly-mistaken points of refractive error treatment?

A

1) eye exercise regimens will not cure! 2) wearing glasses doesn’t put you in a reliance cycle!

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11
Q

What is amblyopia?

A

a poor neural connection to the vision centers in the brain

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12
Q

What are causes of amblyopia?

A

strabismus, refractive error difference, or idiopathic

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13
Q

How is amblyopia treated?

A

patching (physical or atropine) in children < 8 (neural connection set beyond 8 yo)

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14
Q

How can amblyopia be detected?

A

only via OD/MD exam

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15
Q

What are the forms of conjunctivitis?

A

1) bacterial, 2) viral, 3) allergenic

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16
Q

What is the most contagious form of conjunctivitis?

A

viral

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17
Q

How is conjunctivitis treated?

A

antibiotic, antihistamine, antibiotic/steroid combo

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18
Q

Who needs an OD/MD exam for conjunctivitis?

A

1) contact-wearers (corneal ulcer), 2) those who are suddenly photophobic (inflammation inside eye)

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19
Q

What are common eye issues in teens?

A

1) contact lenses, 2) allergies

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20
Q

When should a child see an OD/MD?

A

1) before age 1, 2) before starting school, 3) every 2 years after starting school, 4) if eye problems (HA, squinting, avoiding reading)

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21
Q

What are well-baby exams?

A

exams that don’t provide adequate eye-condition screening

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22
Q

How often should contact lens cases be changed?

A

every 3 months

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23
Q

What are the classes of OTC anti-allergy eye drops?

A

1) short-acting antihistamine, 2) vasoconstrictor/redness reliever, 3) mast cell stabilizers

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24
Q

What are examples of mast-cell stabilizers?

A

ketotifen, olopatadine

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25
Q

What OTC anti-allergy drops should not be used?

A

vasoconstrictors (you get addicted)

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26
Q

How often should teenagers have eye exams?

A

every 2 years routine; every 1 year if contacts

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27
Q

How often should 40 year olds have eye exams?

A

every 1-2 years

28
Q

What is presbyopia?

A

lens loses flexibility for loss of focusing ability

29
Q

How is presbyopia treated?

A

reading glasses, bifocals, bifocal contact lenses

30
Q

Who notices vision changes earlier – hyper or myopes?

A

hyperopes

31
Q

What temporary symptoms can computers and associated eyestrain cause?

A

blurry vision, dry eye, HA

32
Q

What permanent issues can computers/eyestrain cause?

A

none

33
Q

What are strategies to reduce eyestrain with computers?

A

1) OD/MD computer glasses or vision therapy 2) visual break q15m 3) top of monitor 10 degrees below eye level, 4) control glare 5) use full-spectrum (incandescent) light source, 6) artificial tears before and after 7) humidifier during the winter

34
Q

How often should 50 year olds be getting eye exams?

A

annually

35
Q

What are symptoms of dry-eye?

A

eye discomfort, eye watering, fluctuating vision

36
Q

What are non-pharm treatments for dry eye?

A

1) artificial tears, 2) air humidifier, 3) OTC flax seed oil, omega-3, omega-6

37
Q

What is the rx for dry eye?

A

restasis

38
Q

What are risk factors for flashes and floaters?

A

myopes, history of retinal tear, f/h

39
Q

What are symptoms of a torn retina?

A

distinct lightning flashes, lots of floaters, black curtain

40
Q

What causes floaters/flashers?

A

aging causes vitreous protein clumping, which casts shadows on the retina. Vitreous starts to detach in middle age

41
Q

How does eyesight vary with fluctuations in blood sugar?

A

become myopic during increased BS

42
Q

What are conditions in diabetic eye disease?

A

cataracts, bleeding/edema, retinal detachment, painful blind eyes

43
Q

What is the most common form of glaucoma?

A

open-angle

44
Q

What is the rare, severe form of glaucoma?

A

angle-closure

45
Q

What are the symptoms of angle-closure glaucoma?

A

halos around lights and severe eye pain

46
Q

What are the risk factors for glaucoma?

A

age, ethnicity, f/h, smoking, eye trauma

47
Q

What are the treatments for glaucoma?

A

1) medicated eye drops/pills 2) laser surgery 3) tube instillation 4) Rx

48
Q

What Rx therapies are used for glaucoma?

A

1) CA inhibitors, 2) beta-blockers, 3) alpha2 agonists, 4) PG analogs, 5) pilocarpine

49
Q

Which Rx therapies for glaucoma function at the ciliary body to decrease inflow?

A

CA inhibitors and beta-blockers

50
Q

What Rx therapies for glaucoma function to increase uveoscleral outflow?

A

alpha-2 agonists and PG analogs

51
Q

What Rx therapies for glaucoma function to increase trabecular outflow?

A

pilocarpine

52
Q

What is the drug of choice for glaucoma?

A

PG analogs

53
Q

What are examples of PG analogs?

A

bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost

54
Q

What is the cap color for PG analogs?

A

teal

55
Q

What is the cap color for CA inhibitors?

A

orange

56
Q

What is the cap color for beta-blockers?

A

yellow or blue

57
Q

What is the cap color for alpha-2 agonists?

A

purple

58
Q

What are examples of CA inhibitors?

A

end in zolamide

59
Q

What allergy should be screened if CA-I’s are prescribed?

A

sulfa

60
Q

What are examples of beta-blockers for glaucoma?

A

timolol, betaxolol

61
Q

Patients who get glaucoma beta-blockers should not have?

A

heart/lung problems

62
Q

Which beta-blocker is non-selective?

A

timolol

63
Q

What are alpha-2 agnoists?

A

brimonidine (alphagan P)

64
Q

Describe glaucoma?

A

neuronal death leads to irreversible vision loss

65
Q

What factors can cause earlier development of cataracts?

A

diabetes, steroid, trauma, UV

Drew 923 (28 decks)

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