Nutrition & Cancer Flashcards
What are the most prevalent cancers in men?
1) lung
2) prostate
3) colorectal
What are the most prevalent cancers in women?
1) lung
2) breast
3) colorectal
What are the potentially diet-related cancers?
1) colorectal
2) breast
3) prostate
4) lung
others. ..
For what proportion of cancer deaths can nutrition be linked?
1/3 of deaths
What are the most important factors to prevent cancer for non-smokers?
diet
physical activity
What are the faults of epidemiological studies?
reduce cancer cause to a single entity
What are the faults of randomized, controlled trials?
Right dose/length/food?
What are the ACS recommendations?
1) 5+ fruit/veggies per day
2) whole grains
3) limit red, hi-fat, & processed meats
4) active, healthy weight
5) limit EtOH
What was the conclusion of the China project?
plant-based diet for disease prevention
What cancers can exercise decrease risk?
1) breast
2) colon
3) prostate
4) endometrial
What body systems/components does regular exercise affect?
1) body weight
2) hormone regulation
3) immune system
What are the ACS exercise recommendations?
1) adults: 30+ mins 5+ days/wk
2) kids: 60+ mins 5+ days/wk
What proportion of overweight children continue to overweight adulthood?
70%
What proportion of cancer mortality does obesity account for?
20%
What are the ACS 2015 goals?
1) 50% decrease in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates
2) 25% decrease in incidence
3) decrease tobacco use
4) 75% of population eating recommended fruits/veggies
5) 70% of adults increase exercise
What increases risk for colorectal cancer?
1) red, processed meat
2) EtOH
3) overweight
What probably decreases risk for colorectal cancer?
garlic, calcium
what might decrease risk for colorectal cancer?
fiber
What foods are good sources of soluble fiber?
fruits, oats, beans, veggies
What foods are good sources of insoluble fiber?
whole grains, cruciferous veggies, green beans, raisins, fruits
What are the proposed mechanisms of fiber decreasing cancer risk?
1) dilution of carcinogens
2) binding of carcinogens
3) increased microbial growth –> fecal bulk
What are the potential mechanisms of calcium decreasing risk for colonrectal cancer?
1) protection against mutagenic bile acids
2) promotion of crypt cell differentiation
What is the recommended calcium intake for colorectal cancer prevention?
</= 2.5 g/day
aim for 500 - 1200mg
What factors increase risk of breast cancer?
High EtOH combined with low folate
What compounds are found in soy?
isoflavones
How might isoflavones decrease risk of breast cancer?
similar to estrogen, can act as anti-estrogen
What factors increase risk of prostate cancer?
1) Vit. E
2) high calcium intake (1 g)
3) dairy protein
4) red meat & saturated fats might
What factors decrease risk for lung cancer?
fruits & veggies (beta-carotene)
What is the correlation of beta-carotene to increased risk in lung cancer?
increased when combined with smoking
What are the 2 forms of Vitamin A?
1) retinol – animals
2) provitamin A = beta-carotene: fruits & veggies
What are the implications of alcohol regarding cancer?
increased risk of head, neck & liver cancers; worse when combined with tobacco
What’s the general consensus on fruits/veggies regarding cancer?
they decrease risk, but not as vitamins & mineral supplements
What are the implications of caffeine regarding cancer prevention?
none…but may heighten Sx of fibrocystic breast lumps
