Nutrition & Cancer

Question 1

What are the most prevalent cancers in men?

Answer 1

1) lung
2) prostate
3) colorectal

Question 2

What are the most prevalent cancers in women?

Answer 2

1) lung
2) breast
3) colorectal

Question 3

What are the potentially diet-related cancers?

Answer 3

1) colorectal
2) breast
3) prostate
4) lung
others. ..

Question 4

For what proportion of cancer deaths can nutrition be linked?

Answer 4

1/3 of deaths

Question 5

What are the most important factors to prevent cancer for non-smokers?

Answer 5

diet

physical activity

Question 6

What are the faults of epidemiological studies?

Answer 6

reduce cancer cause to a single entity

Question 7

What are the faults of randomized, controlled trials?

Answer 7

Right dose/length/food?

Question 8

What are the ACS recommendations?

Answer 8

1) 5+ fruit/veggies per day
2) whole grains
3) limit red, hi-fat, & processed meats
4) active, healthy weight
5) limit EtOH

Question 9

What was the conclusion of the China project?

Answer 9

plant-based diet for disease prevention

Question 10

What cancers can exercise decrease risk?

Answer 10

1) breast
2) colon
3) prostate
4) endometrial

Question 11

What body systems/components does regular exercise affect?

Answer 11

1) body weight
2) hormone regulation
3) immune system

Question 12

What are the ACS exercise recommendations?

Answer 12

1) adults: 30+ mins 5+ days/wk

2) kids: 60+ mins 5+ days/wk

Question 13

What proportion of overweight children continue to overweight adulthood?

Answer 13

70%

Question 14

What proportion of cancer mortality does obesity account for?

Answer 14

20%

Question 15

What are the ACS 2015 goals?

Answer 15

1) 50% decrease in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates
2) 25% decrease in incidence
3) decrease tobacco use
4) 75% of population eating recommended fruits/veggies
5) 70% of adults increase exercise

Question 16

What increases risk for colorectal cancer?

Answer 16

1) red, processed meat
2) EtOH
3) overweight

Question 17

What probably decreases risk for colorectal cancer?

Answer 17

garlic, calcium

Question 18

what might decrease risk for colorectal cancer?

Answer 18

fiber

Question 19

What foods are good sources of soluble fiber?

Answer 19

fruits, oats, beans, veggies

Question 20

What foods are good sources of insoluble fiber?

Answer 20

whole grains, cruciferous veggies, green beans, raisins, fruits

Question 21

What are the proposed mechanisms of fiber decreasing cancer risk?

Answer 21

1) dilution of carcinogens
2) binding of carcinogens
3) increased microbial growth –> fecal bulk

Question 22

What are the potential mechanisms of calcium decreasing risk for colonrectal cancer?

Answer 22

1) protection against mutagenic bile acids

2) promotion of crypt cell differentiation

Question 23

What is the recommended calcium intake for colorectal cancer prevention?

Answer 23

</= 2.5 g/day

aim for 500 - 1200mg

Question 24

What factors increase risk of breast cancer?

Answer 24

High EtOH combined with low folate

Question 25

What compounds are found in soy?

Answer 25

isoflavones

Question 26

How might isoflavones decrease risk of breast cancer?

Answer 26

similar to estrogen, can act as anti-estrogen

Question 27

What factors increase risk of prostate cancer?

Answer 27

1) Vit. E
2) high calcium intake (1 g)
3) dairy protein
4) red meat & saturated fats might

Question 28

What factors decrease risk for lung cancer?

Answer 28

fruits & veggies (beta-carotene)

Question 29

What is the correlation of beta-carotene to increased risk in lung cancer?

Answer 29

increased when combined with smoking

Question 30

What are the 2 forms of Vitamin A?

Answer 30

1) retinol – animals

2) provitamin A = beta-carotene: fruits & veggies

Question 31

What are the implications of alcohol regarding cancer?

Answer 31

increased risk of head, neck & liver cancers; worse when combined with tobacco

Question 32

What’s the general consensus on fruits/veggies regarding cancer?

Answer 32

they decrease risk, but not as vitamins & mineral supplements

Question 33

What are the implications of caffeine regarding cancer prevention?

Answer 33

none…but may heighten Sx of fibrocystic breast lumps