4_2IntroCAMHomeopathy Flashcards by Drew Spargo

Define CAM.

a diverse system of healthcare, practices, and products not offered by conventional medicine

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What is complementary medicine?

medicine use to complement conventional medicine

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What is alternative medicine?

medicine used in place of conventional medicine

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What is integrative medicine?

When CAM and conventional medicine are provided by HCPs

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What are the most comon uses of CAM?

back, neck, and joint pain

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What are the most common uses of CAM in kids?

pain, colds, anxiety

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What percentage of adults use yoga?

10%

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What are the most common supplements?

1) fish oil; 2) glucosamine/chondroitin; 3) pro/pre-biotic; 4) melatonin

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What are the major domains of CAM?

1) natural products; 2) energy medicine; 3) manipulative and body-based practices; 4) mind-body medicine

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Describe the natural product domain of CAM.

products sold as dietary supplements and taken po; include botanicals, herbs, vitamins, and minerals

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What is energy medicine?

the use of energy fields to produce clinical effects

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What are the components of energy medicine?

1) veritable; 2) putative

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What is veritable energy medicine?

measurable, mechanical energies (magnetic, sound, light)

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What is putative energy medicine?

medicine based on biofields concept

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What are examples of putative energy medicine?

acupuncture, touch, qi gong

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What is the most common manipulative and body-based practice?

chiropractic

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What therapies are included in manipulative and body-based practices?

massage, reflexology, tui na, bowen technique, rolfing

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What percentage of patients buy their supplements in the pharmacy?

25%

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What is mind-body medicine?

a diverse group of procedures or techniques taught by a trained teacher

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What things are included in mind-body medicine?

yoga, massage, animals/dance/art, tai chi, relaxation

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Who are the high-risk patients for drug-supplement interactions?

1) elderly; 2) 3+ chronic Rx’s; 3) T2DM, HTN, depression, cholesteremia, CHF

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What were the results of the 2007 Medicare Patient study?

5.8% of CAM + Rx patients had ADR risk, the most significant being bleeding

What reporting systems for drug-supplement interactions are available?

1) FDA Medwatch, 2) Dept. of HHS Safety Reporting Portal

What is homeopathy in Greed?

“similar suffering/disease”

Describe the development of homeopathy.

German physician Samuel Hahnemann in the 1700s

What is the basis for homeopathy?

like cures like - substance will trigger disease-like symptoms in healthy patients and cure the same symptoms in sick patients

What are the beliefs of homeopathy?

1) vitalism; 2) totality of symptoms; 3) the single remedy; 4) minimal number of doses

What is 1X potency?

1:9 dilution

What is 1C potency?

1:99 dilution

What is high potency as defined by homeopathy?

dilution by factor of 10^30 (30C)

What is low potency?

dilution by a factor of 10^15

How are homeopathic remedies prepared?

serial dilution with vigorous shaking; believed to be more effective at extracting the vital essence

Describe the vitalism belief of homeopathy.

every person has a vital, self-healng force that causes health problems when disrupted

Describe the totality of symptoms belief in homeopathy.

malfunction of any organ affect the whole body

Describe the single remedy belief in homeopathy.

1 disease occurs at a time, so only use 1 agent at a time; treatment should be individualized

Describe the minimal number of doses belief in homeopathy.

only a small stimulus is needed, and a larger dose would produce symptoms in healthy patients

How are homeopathic remedies regulated?

1) by the FDA, same as supplements. 2) by guidelines in the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States

What is naturopathy?

a general medical system approach practiced mainly in europe

What are the beliefs of naturopathy?

1) body's healing power; 2) prevention is best cure; 3) treat disease, not symptoms; 4) physician should primarily educate and motivate

What is required for an A evidence designation?

> 2 RCTs, or 1 RCT + 1 MA, or majority of RCTs

What is required for a B evidence designation?

1-2 RCTs, or 1 or more MA, or 1 case and theory

What is required for a C evidence designation?

1 or more ok RCT, or conflicting RCTs, or 1 case, or 1 theory

What is required for a D evidence designation?

same as B but negative

What is required for an F evidence designation?

1 negative RCT

What is required for the "lack of evidence" designation?

lack of human evidence

strong

good

unclear/conflicting

fair negative

strong negative

What people are most likely to use supplements?

middle-aged educated female former smoker living in the west with private insurance who just left the hospital

Who can report interactions to the HHS Portal?

manufacturers, patients, and providers

How are HHS Portal interaction reports evaluated?

1) forwarded to Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's AER system, CAERS; 2) evaluated and characterized by a reviewer

What was the 10:23 challenge?

a british skeptical campaign to demonstrate OD's and homeopathic harm (cost, medical establishment) at 10:23 am