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Drew 923 > 4_2IntroCAMHomeopathy > Flashcards

4_2IntroCAMHomeopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Define CAM.

A

a diverse system of healthcare, practices, and products not offered by conventional medicine

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2
Q

What is complementary medicine?

A

medicine use to complement conventional medicine

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3
Q

What is alternative medicine?

A

medicine used in place of conventional medicine

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4
Q

What is integrative medicine?

A

When CAM and conventional medicine are provided by HCPs

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5
Q

What are the most comon uses of CAM?

A

back, neck, and joint pain

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6
Q

What are the most common uses of CAM in kids?

A

pain, colds, anxiety

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7
Q

What percentage of adults use yoga?

A

10%

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8
Q

What are the most common supplements?

A

1) fish oil; 2) glucosamine/chondroitin; 3) pro/pre-biotic; 4) melatonin

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9
Q

What are the major domains of CAM?

A

1) natural products; 2) energy medicine; 3) manipulative and body-based practices; 4) mind-body medicine

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10
Q

Describe the natural product domain of CAM.

A

products sold as dietary supplements and taken po; include botanicals, herbs, vitamins, and minerals

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11
Q

What is energy medicine?

A

the use of energy fields to produce clinical effects

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12
Q

What are the components of energy medicine?

A

1) veritable; 2) putative

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13
Q

What is veritable energy medicine?

A

measurable, mechanical energies (magnetic, sound, light)

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14
Q

What is putative energy medicine?

A

medicine based on biofields concept

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15
Q

What are examples of putative energy medicine?

A

acupuncture, touch, qi gong

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16
Q

What is the most common manipulative and body-based practice?

A

chiropractic

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17
Q

What therapies are included in manipulative and body-based practices?

A

massage, reflexology, tui na, bowen technique, rolfing

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18
Q

What percentage of patients buy their supplements in the pharmacy?

A

25%

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19
Q

What is mind-body medicine?

A

a diverse group of procedures or techniques taught by a trained teacher

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20
Q

What things are included in mind-body medicine?

A

yoga, massage, animals/dance/art, tai chi, relaxation

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21
Q

Who are the high-risk patients for drug-supplement interactions?

A

1) elderly; 2) 3+ chronic Rx’s; 3) T2DM, HTN, depression, cholesteremia, CHF

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22
Q

What were the results of the 2007 Medicare Patient study?

A

5.8% of CAM + Rx patients had ADR risk, the most significant being bleeding

23
Q

What reporting systems for drug-supplement interactions are available?

A

1) FDA Medwatch, 2) Dept. of HHS Safety Reporting Portal

24
Q

What is homeopathy in Greed?

A

“similar suffering/disease”

25
Q

Describe the development of homeopathy.

A

German physician Samuel Hahnemann in the 1700s

26
Q

What is the basis for homeopathy?

A

like cures like - substance will trigger disease-like symptoms in healthy patients and cure the same symptoms in sick patients

27
Q

What are the beliefs of homeopathy?

A

1) vitalism; 2) totality of symptoms; 3) the single remedy; 4) minimal number of doses

28
Q

What is 1X potency?

A

1:9 dilution

29
Q

What is 1C potency?

A

1:99 dilution

30
Q

What is high potency as defined by homeopathy?

A

dilution by factor of 10^30 (30C)

31
Q

What is low potency?

A

dilution by a factor of 10^15

32
Q

How are homeopathic remedies prepared?

A

serial dilution with vigorous shaking; believed to be more effective at extracting the vital essence

33
Q

Describe the vitalism belief of homeopathy.

A

every person has a vital, self-healng force that causes health problems when disrupted

34
Q

Describe the totality of symptoms belief in homeopathy.

A

malfunction of any organ affect the whole body

35
Q

Describe the single remedy belief in homeopathy.

A

1 disease occurs at a time, so only use 1 agent at a time; treatment should be individualized

36
Q

Describe the minimal number of doses belief in homeopathy.

A

only a small stimulus is needed, and a larger dose would produce symptoms in healthy patients

37
Q

How are homeopathic remedies regulated?

A

1) by the FDA, same as supplements. 2) by guidelines in the Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia of the United States

38
Q

What is naturopathy?

A

a general medical system approach practiced mainly in europe

39
Q

What are the beliefs of naturopathy?

A

1) body’s healing power; 2) prevention is best cure; 3) treat disease, not symptoms; 4) physician should primarily educate and motivate

40
Q

What is required for an A evidence designation?

A

> 2 RCTs, or 1 RCT + 1 MA, or majority of RCTs

41
Q

What is required for a B evidence designation?

A

1-2 RCTs, or 1 or more MA, or 1 case and theory

42
Q

What is required for a C evidence designation?

A

1 or more ok RCT, or conflicting RCTs, or 1 case, or 1 theory

43
Q

What is required for a D evidence designation?

A

same as B but negative

44
Q

What is required for an F evidence designation?

A

1 negative RCT

45
Q

What is required for the “lack of evidence” designation?

A

lack of human evidence

46
Q

A

A

strong

47
Q

B

A

good

48
Q

C

A

unclear/conflicting

49
Q

D

A

fair negative

50
Q

E

A

strong negative

51
Q

What people are most likely to use supplements?

A

middle-aged educated female former smoker living in the west with private insurance who just left the hospital

52
Q

Who can report interactions to the HHS Portal?

A

manufacturers, patients, and providers

53
Q

How are HHS Portal interaction reports evaluated?

A

1) forwarded to Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition’s AER system, CAERS; 2) evaluated and characterized by a reviewer

54
Q

What was the 10:23 challenge?

A

a british skeptical campaign to demonstrate OD’s and homeopathic harm (cost, medical establishment) at 10:23 am

Drew 923 (28 decks)

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