3_6IntroToHerbsSupplements Flashcards

1
Q

What values are included in the DRI?

A

1) RDA, 2) EAR, 3) AI, 4) UL

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2
Q

What does DRI stand for?

A

dietary reference intake

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3
Q

What does RDA stand for?

A

recommended dietary allowance

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4
Q

What does EAR stand for?

A

estimated average requirement

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5
Q

What does AI stand for?

A

adequate intake

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6
Q

What does UL stand for?

A

Tolerable Upper Intake Level

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7
Q

From what agency do the DRIs come from?

A

Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences (1997)

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8
Q

RDA definition

A

average daily dietary intake nutritionally sufficient for 97-98% of healthy people of a particular gender

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9
Q

EAR definition

A

estimate that meets the requirement of 50% of healthy people of a certain age or gender

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10
Q

AI definition

A

recommended intake based on approximations for a group of healthy people when an RDA cannot be calculated?

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11
Q

UL definition.

A

highest level of daily nutrient intake likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects needed for almost individuals

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12
Q

DV definition

A

amount of nutrient needed for optimum health based on 2000 cal/day

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13
Q

Why was DV created?

A

need for single reference number

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14
Q

What are the “dirty” pesticide-containing foods?

A

1) fruits, 2) salad things, 3) potatoes

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15
Q

What are the “clean” pesticide-free foods?

A

1) vegetables, 2) citrus fruits, 3) melons, 4) mushrooms, 5) onion, 6) sweet potato

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16
Q

What fat-soluble vitamins are especially sensitive to toxicity?

A

A and D

17
Q

What water-soluble vitamins have toxicity?

A

1) niacin, 2) folate, 3) B6, 4) C

18
Q

What are the water-soluble vitamins?

A

B complex, folic acid, C, biotin

19
Q

What are the “major minerals?”

A

Ca, Mg, P

20
Q

What are the important trace elements?

A

Cr, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn

21
Q

What are the other vitamins that human’s can’t synthesize but get ample dietary amounts easily?

A

1) lecithin, 2) choline, 3) inositol, 3) carnitine, 4) lipoic acid, 5) lutein, 6) zeaxanthin, 7) flavonoids, 8) carotenoids

22
Q

What are the claimed “pseudovitamins?”

A

1) laetrile (B17, amygdalin), 2) pangamic acid (B15, diisopropylamine dichloroacetate), 3) gerovital (H3)

23
Q

What were the results of the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force report?

A

insufficient evidence for cancer/CVD protection with vitamin supplements

24
Q

What were the results of the 2007 NIH panel?

A

insufficient evidence for any recommendation regarding vitamin supplements

25
Q

What were the results of the Iowa Women’s Health Study?

A

increased mortality for several vitamins (esp Fe); decreased with Ca

26
Q

Why should supplements not substitute for diet?

A

food contains phytochemicals and other nutrients with better bioavailability

27
Q

What populations need vitamin supplementation?

A

1) geriatrics, 2) <1000 cal/day or limited variety, 3) smokers, 4) alcoholics, 5) pregnant/breastfeeding, 6) vegetarians

28
Q

What aspects of the geriatric population lead to need for supplementation?

A

1) lack of appetite, 2) dentures, 3) economics

29
Q

What vitamin supplementation do smokers need?

A

100 mg/day Vit C

30
Q

Why do alcoholics require supplementation?

A

poor nutrition, altered vitamin ADME

31
Q

What supplements do pregnant/breastfeeding women require?

A

1) folic aid, 2) Fe, 3) Ca

32
Q

What supplements do vegetarians need?

A

B12! Maybe Ca and Vit D