3_6IntroToHerbsSupplements Flashcards
What values are included in the DRI?
1) RDA, 2) EAR, 3) AI, 4) UL
What does DRI stand for?
dietary reference intake
What does RDA stand for?
recommended dietary allowance
What does EAR stand for?
estimated average requirement
What does AI stand for?
adequate intake
What does UL stand for?
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
From what agency do the DRIs come from?
Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences (1997)
RDA definition
average daily dietary intake nutritionally sufficient for 97-98% of healthy people of a particular gender
EAR definition
estimate that meets the requirement of 50% of healthy people of a certain age or gender
AI definition
recommended intake based on approximations for a group of healthy people when an RDA cannot be calculated?
UL definition.
highest level of daily nutrient intake likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects needed for almost individuals
DV definition
amount of nutrient needed for optimum health based on 2000 cal/day
Why was DV created?
need for single reference number
What are the “dirty” pesticide-containing foods?
1) fruits, 2) salad things, 3) potatoes
What are the “clean” pesticide-free foods?
1) vegetables, 2) citrus fruits, 3) melons, 4) mushrooms, 5) onion, 6) sweet potato
What fat-soluble vitamins are especially sensitive to toxicity?
A and D
What water-soluble vitamins have toxicity?
1) niacin, 2) folate, 3) B6, 4) C
What are the water-soluble vitamins?
B complex, folic acid, C, biotin
What are the “major minerals?”
Ca, Mg, P
What are the important trace elements?
Cr, Cu, Fe, Se, Zn
What are the other vitamins that human’s can’t synthesize but get ample dietary amounts easily?
1) lecithin, 2) choline, 3) inositol, 3) carnitine, 4) lipoic acid, 5) lutein, 6) zeaxanthin, 7) flavonoids, 8) carotenoids
What are the claimed “pseudovitamins?”
1) laetrile (B17, amygdalin), 2) pangamic acid (B15, diisopropylamine dichloroacetate), 3) gerovital (H3)
What were the results of the 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force report?
insufficient evidence for cancer/CVD protection with vitamin supplements
What were the results of the 2007 NIH panel?
insufficient evidence for any recommendation regarding vitamin supplements
What were the results of the Iowa Women’s Health Study?
increased mortality for several vitamins (esp Fe); decreased with Ca
Why should supplements not substitute for diet?
food contains phytochemicals and other nutrients with better bioavailability
What populations need vitamin supplementation?
1) geriatrics, 2) <1000 cal/day or limited variety, 3) smokers, 4) alcoholics, 5) pregnant/breastfeeding, 6) vegetarians
What aspects of the geriatric population lead to need for supplementation?
1) lack of appetite, 2) dentures, 3) economics
What vitamin supplementation do smokers need?
100 mg/day Vit C
Why do alcoholics require supplementation?
poor nutrition, altered vitamin ADME
What supplements do pregnant/breastfeeding women require?
1) folic aid, 2) Fe, 3) Ca
What supplements do vegetarians need?
B12! Maybe Ca and Vit D
