Pregnancy & Aging Flashcards
How do pregnant patients prevent CMV infection?
don’t share food
What are the consequences of CMV infection?
mental retardation
hearing & vision loss
How do pregnant patients prevent Listeria?
re-heat deli meats, avoid unpasteurized foods
What are the consequences of Listeria infection?
miscarriage
pre-term labor
How do pregnant patients prevent Toxoplasma?
don’t mess w/ cat shit
How do pregnant patients prevent LCMV?
avoid rodents & droppings
What vaccines are indicated for pregnant patients?
Flu, Tdap
What vaccines are C/I for pregnant patients?
anything live/attenuated
1) LAIV
2) MMR
3) varicella
4) zoster
What organism is a problem during labor?
Group B Strep
How many women carry Group B Strep?
25%
What are the risks to the pregnancy of smoking?
2x risk of…
1) premature rupture
2) placental abruption
3) placenta previa
What are the risks of smoking during pregnancy to the baby?
1) 30% more likely to be premature
2) 1.4-3x more likely to die of SIDS
3) underweight
What level of marijuana use is proven to slow growth?
more than 6 x/wk
What are the consequences of marijuana use during pregnancy?
1) slowed fetal growth
2) decreased infant length
What are the consequences of heroine use during pregnancy?
1) slowed fetal growth
2) premature rupture
3) premature birth
4) stillbirth
What are infant withdrawal symptoms and when are they experienced?
w/in first 3 days of life
1) fever
2) sneezing
3) trembling
4) irritability, crying
5) N/V/D
6) seizures
What are the consequences of smelling glues/solvents during pregnancy?
1) slow fetal growth
2) miscarriage
3) preterm birth
4) birth defects
What are the facial features of FAS?
1) smooth ridge b/w nose & upper lip
2) thin upper lip
3) short distance b/w inner & outer corners of eyes
What are FASDs?
1) FAS
2) ARND (Neuro Disorder)
3) ARBD (Birth defects)
What is the recommended Fe supplementation before pregnancy?
18 mg/day
What is the recommended Fe supplementation during pregnancy?
27 mg/day
What are good sources of iron?
dark poultry, dried fruit, fe-fortified/whole grains, nuts/seeds, liver/red meats, seafood, dark green leafy veggies, baked potato w/ skin, beans/peas, blackstrap molasses
When do neural tube defects develop?
18-30 days after conception
What is spina bifida?
when the lower end of the neural tube fails to close
spinal cord not protected by membranes, vertebrae
What infant disorders are caused by folate deficiency?
1) Anencephaly
2) Spina bifida
What is anencephaly?
when portion of neural tube forming the brain doesn’t close –> lacking skull, parts of brain
leads to death
What is the recommended folate intake for all childbearing-aged women?
400 mcg/day
What is the recommended folate intake for pregnant women?
800 mcg/day
What is the max recommended folate intake
1000 mcg/day
What is the recommended folate intake if a prior NTD-pregnancy was had?
4000 mcg/day
What foods are good sources of folic acid?
- fortified cereals, enriched breads, pasta
- broccoli, romaine, aspargus, spinach
- black beans, lentils, peanuts
- orange juice from concentration
What is the recommended amount of exercise for pregnant women?
150 mins/wk
What types of exercise should pregnant women avoid?
1) contact, bouncing, impact
2) scuba, high altitude
3) overheating during 1st trimester
4) on back after 1st trimester
How many extra kcal/day are required during pregnancy?
300 kcal/day
What foods should be avoided during pregnancy?
1) raw/unpasteurized
2) Hg-fish (tuna, mackerel, sport fish, shellfish)
3) < 200 mg caffeien
4) raw sprouts (alfalfa!)
5) refrigerated pates, meat spreads, smoked fish
6) herbal supplements & teas
What is the recommended weight gain for underweight patients?
28-40 #
What is the recommended weight gain for normal pts?
25 - 35 #
What is the recommended weight gain for overwieght pts?
15-25#
What is the recommended weight gain for obese pts?
11 - 20 #
When should a pt be tested for gestational diabetes?
24-48 weeks
What are the risk factors for GD?
1) f/h
2) prior stillbirth, large baby
3) overweight, HTN
4) 25 yo
5) multiple pregnancy
6) UTI, skin, genital infection
What is recommended Na limitation for seniors?
less than 1500 mg/day for everyone over 50
How much is 1500 mg of Na?
2/3 tsp
How much B6 is recommended for elderly?
1.7 mg (1.5)
How much B12 is recommended for elderly?
2.4 mg
How much C is recommended for elderly pts?
90 mg (75)
+ 30 if smoker
How much Vit. D is recommended for elderly pts?
600 IU
if greater than 70, 800 IU
DNE 4000 IU
How much Ca is recommended for elderly pts?
1200 mg
if man b/w 50 & 70, 1000mg
DNE 2000mg
What is the cure for FASDs?
none
What can cause anemia in the preggo pt?
Fe-deficiency
sickle-cell/thallasemia
What are the risks of being anemic during pregnancy?
1) pre-term birth
2) low birthweight
