3_1OralHealth Flashcards
What percentage of severe gum diseases result from smoking?
50%
What are 2 methods to prevent oral diseases?
water fluoridation, sealants
What is a sealant?
plastic coating applied to chewing surfaces
What is plaque?
invisible sticky material made of bacteria, mucus, and food debris
What are the effects of plaque and tartar?
irritate and inflame gums to cause infection, swelling, tenderness
What are the symptoms of periodontal disease?
1) swollen, inflamed, tender gums 2) new spaces between teetch 3) bad breath/taste in mouth, 4) loose teeth/change in the bite
What is gingivitis?
a form of periodontal disease due to long-term effects of plaque deposits and gum injury
What drugs induce orofacial deformities?
retinoids and phenytoin
What are types of congenital orofacial deformities?
cleft lip, cleft palate
What is the “6th complication of diabetes?”
gum infections due to impaired wound healing
What are the effects of cytokines on insulin’s action?
increases resistance, development of t2dm
How is gum disease linked to MI and stroke?
oral bacteria on plaques contribute to clot formation
What is gum disease’s link to pregnancy?
infection triggers systemic cytokines which increase prostaglandins to stimulate labor
A baby is less likely to be born pre-term or low-weight if:
mother treated for periodontal disease before 35th week
How long is a term of pregnancy?
40 weeks
How is RA linked to periodontal disease?
RA pts 8x more likely to have periodontal disease probably through a common inflammatory process
To which diseases is periodontitis linked to?
1) diabetes 2) CV disease 3) pregnancy 4) osteoporosis 5) RA 6) Alzheimers 7) respiratory infections
What are inflammation’s effects on the development of Alzheimers?
inflammation can’t prevent, but can cause mild cognitive impairment and memory problems
What medical conditions affect oral health?
1) orthodontics, 2) Sjogren’s disease, 3) cancer disease and treatment, 4) immunosuppression
What is Sjogren’s disease?
an autoimmune disease affecting the salivary glands
How do anticholinergics affect oral health?
decrease saliva
How do sympathomimetics affect oral health?
decrease saliva
How do bisphosphonates affect oral health?
osteonecrosis of the jaw
What drugs promote tooth discolaration?
1) TCN, 2) FQNs, 3) Chlorhexidine 4) fluoride
How does aspiring affect oral health?
erosion
How do powdered corticosteroids affect oral health?
erosion
What drugs promote gingival hyperplasia?
1) CCBs, 2) phenytoin, 3) estrogens, 4) cyclosporine
What drugs cause increased bleeding?
anticoags & fibrinolytics
What drugs promote gingivitis?
protease inhibitors, Vit. A, MTX
How does tobacco affect oral health?
gum disease, cancers, candidiasis
How does excessive EtOH affect gum disease?
cancers when combined with tobacco
What foods promote discoloration?
coffee, tea, wine
How does xylitol affect oral health?
protective!
How does meth affect teeth?
nasty + kids miss 2 front teeth
Describe proper brushing technique.
bid for 2-3 mins with fluoridated toothpaste at 45 degree angle and brush tongue front-to-back
How often should the soft-bristled toothbrush be changed?
q3 months
How often should one floss?
every day
How often should one visit the dentist?
twice a year
What is the age restriction for fluoride rinses?
< 6 yo
