Practice Questions

Question 1

T/F: global health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of ideas or infirmity

Answer 1

false
this is the defintion of health
global health prioritizes improving health and equity for all people worldwide with an emphasis on transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions

Question 2

what is an epidemiologic transition
A. high fertility and high mortality resulting in slow population growth
B. improvement in hygiene and nutrition leading to a decreased burden of infectious diseases
C. decline in mortality and later decline in fertility
D. high and fluctuation mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine

Answer 2

D.
this one demonstrates epidemiological transition, the other answers describe demographic

Question 3

T/F: risk factors are personal habits are behaviors, environmental conditions, or inborn or inherited characteristics that are known to affect a health related condition

Answer 3

true

Question 4

T/F: health worker migration increases the burden to care for a society and results in the need to shift tasks primarily to nurses and community health workers

Answer 4

true

Question 5

T/F: Culture is static, private, and inherited

Answer 5

false
dynamic, shared, learned

Question 6

T/F: Cultural competence is an attitude of openness to, respect for, and curiosity about different cultural values and traditions, and ideally includes a border critical analysis of power relations affecting health disparities

Answer 6

true

Question 7

T/F: advocates for groups that have been sociopolitically marginalized promote “Cultural safety” the ideal of considering cultural aspects of groups while working against assimilation and repression

Answer 7

true

Question 8

T/F: cultural humility is an acknowledgement that our own beliefs are inherently better than those of our clients

Answer 8

false
cultural humility is an acknowledgment that EVERYONEs views are culturally influences, that our own are not inherently better than those of our clients

Question 9

T/F: ethnocentrism can be defined as an assumption that everyone shares your cultural values, or an opinion that your culture is superior to others

Answer 9

true

Question 10

T/F: epidemic- an outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally found In the population

Answer 10

true

Question 11

Who is perhaps the best known epidemiologist of the 19th century
A. John Graunt
B. William Farr
C. John Snow
D. Florence Nightingale

Answer 11

John snow

Question 12

T/F: wheel of causation is the classic model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and enviornment, not by any single factor

Answer 12

false, epidemiologic triad

Question 13

T/F: community assessments, using epidemiology principles, form the data base that provides the evidence and rationale for interventions

Answer 13

individual and community assessments

Question 14

T/F: adjusted rate is the measurement of the occurrence of the health problem of condition being investigated in the entire population

Answer 14

false
defitnion of the crude rate

adjusted rate is the statistical procedure that removes the effects of differences in the composition of a population, such as age, when comparing one with another

Question 15

what is the name of the prevalence rate that indicates the existence of a condition during an interval of time, such as a year?
A. peroid
B. periodic change
C. point
D. rate

Answer 15

A. period

Question 16

T/F: indicence rate is the measure of the probability that people without a certain condition will develop that condition over a peroid of time

Answer 16

true

Question 17

what is the term for the ratio of the indicence rate in the exposed group and the incidence rate in the non exposed group
A. adjusted
B. rate
C. crude
D. reactive risk ratio

Answer 17

D. relative risk ratio

Question 18

T/F
a carrier is a person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease

Answer 18

true

Question 19

T/F
an infectious disease is not contagious or communicable

Answer 19

false, it may or may not be contagious
EX: vaccines

Question 20

T/F:
epidemic is the constant or usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or geographic area

Answer 20

false, explaining endemic

Question 21

T/F: in descriptive studies, the researched relies on comparisons between groups to determine the role of various risk factors causing the probelm

Answer 21

false, this is describing analytic

Question 22

T/F: cohort studies involve an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or social institution

Answer 22

false, case studies

Question 23

T/F: case control studies, also known as prospective studies, work backward from the effect to the suspected cause

Answer 23

false, known as retrospective

Question 24

T/F: the gold standard for research is the randomized, experimental group design

Answer 24

false, randomized control group design

Question 25

T/F factors that influence the emergence or reemgerence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated

Answer 25

true

Question 26

T/F epidemics and pandemics can place long term demands on healthcare systems

Answer 26

false sudden and intense demands

Question 27

T/F outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development

Answer 27

true

Question 28

vector born infections

Answer 28

arthropods or animals

Question 29

what is a carrier

Answer 29

no sumptoms

Question 30

T/F: infectivity is the ability to produce a toxin

Answer 30

false

Question 31

T/F: natural immunitu

Answer 31

innate resistance specific antigen or toxins

Question 32

pathogenicity

Answer 32

ability of the agent to produce disease in a susceptible host

Question 33

T/F: infectivity is the power to invade ad infect a large number people

Answer 33

true

Question 34

herd immunity

Answer 34

80% of the community has protection

Question 35

T/F: fomite is an inanimate object that transports infectious agents

Answer 35

true

Question 36

secondary vaccine

Answer 36

it may happen in organ donor patients

Question 37

endemic

Answer 37

disease- occur at a consistent expected rate

Question 38

T/F: incidence means new cases in a population

Answer 38

true

Question 39

virulence means

Answer 39

severity of infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent

Question 40

portals of exit

Answer 40

respiratory, vaginal secretions, semen, saliva, exudate, blood, feces

Question 41

direct mode of transportation

Answer 41

from a host to a portal of entry through physical contact

Question 42

colonization

Answer 42

when infectious agent is present - no clinical signs of disease and can shed

Question 43

serious threat to public health

Answer 43

botulism and scary e coli

Question 44

T/F: serious threat to public health include a potential foodbirne illness in a food worker

Answer 44

true

Question 45

sub typing is the indentifacation of strains or groupings of bacteria below the species level

Answer 45

true

Question 46

calculation of ... provides the best indicator that a specific state of health will occur (at risk)

Answer 46

rates

Question 47

crude rates

Answer 47

measures the occurrence of condition being investigated in entire poulation

Question 48

the nurse works with a female client who recently developed an infection of S. aures while in the hospital. the nurse would determine that s auras is which component in the chain of infection

Answer 48

agent

Question 49

for a disease to be communicable there must be

Answer 49

portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry

Question 50

T/F: shedding occurs in the latent period of the infectious disease process

Answer 50

false

Question 51

what is the gold standard for experimental research design

Answer 51

randomized control group

Question 52

which research studies below study causality randomized, control group studies analytic experimental studies prospective studies cohort studies quasi experimental studies

Answer 52

randomized control analytic experimental quasi experimental

Question 53

T/F: case controls studies also known as prospective studies work backwards from the effect to the suspected cause

Answer 53

false. retrospective studies

Question 54

please select all items associated with descriptive studies provide foundation for development of hypothees there is treatment and intervention test causality there is no treatment and no intervention they are observation and decriptive

Answer 54

provide foundation for development of hypothees there is no treatment and no intervention they are observation and decriptive

Question 55

T/F: if you have been diagnosed with latent tb and have no symptoms and are not contagious than you do not need to be treated with medicaiton

Answer 55

false

Question 56

a nurse is caring for patients taking rifampin for a TB infection, the nurse should provide education on these potential side effects

Answer 56

stain soft contacts birth control may be lessed may have some liver issues turn body fluid orange

Question 57

when considering microbial adaption the professor explains that antigenic drift occurs when

Answer 57

slow and progressive genetic changes that take place in DNA/RNA as organisms replicate in multiple hosts