Practice Questions Flashcards
T/F: global health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of ideas or infirmity
false
this is the defintion of health
global health prioritizes improving health and equity for all people worldwide with an emphasis on transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions
what is an epidemiologic transition
A. high fertility and high mortality resulting in slow population growth
B. improvement in hygiene and nutrition leading to a decreased burden of infectious diseases
C. decline in mortality and later decline in fertility
D. high and fluctuation mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
D.
this one demonstrates epidemiological transition, the other answers describe demographic
T/F: risk factors are personal habits are behaviors, environmental conditions, or inborn or inherited characteristics that are known to affect a health related condition
true
T/F: health worker migration increases the burden to care for a society and results in the need to shift tasks primarily to nurses and community health workers
true
T/F: Culture is static, private, and inherited
false
dynamic, shared, learned
T/F: Cultural competence is an attitude of openness to, respect for, and curiosity about different cultural values and traditions, and ideally includes a border critical analysis of power relations affecting health disparities
true
T/F: advocates for groups that have been sociopolitically marginalized promote “Cultural safety” the ideal of considering cultural aspects of groups while working against assimilation and repression
true
T/F: cultural humility is an acknowledgement that our own beliefs are inherently better than those of our clients
false
cultural humility is an acknowledgment that EVERYONEs views are culturally influences, that our own are not inherently better than those of our clients
T/F: ethnocentrism can be defined as an assumption that everyone shares your cultural values, or an opinion that your culture is superior to others
true
T/F: epidemic- an outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally found In the population
true
Who is perhaps the best known epidemiologist of the 19th century
A. John Graunt
B. William Farr
C. John Snow
D. Florence Nightingale
John snow
T/F: wheel of causation is the classic model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and enviornment, not by any single factor
false, epidemiologic triad
T/F: community assessments, using epidemiology principles, form the data base that provides the evidence and rationale for interventions
individual and community assessments
T/F: adjusted rate is the measurement of the occurrence of the health problem of condition being investigated in the entire population
false
defitnion of the crude rate
adjusted rate is the statistical procedure that removes the effects of differences in the composition of a population, such as age, when comparing one with another
what is the name of the prevalence rate that indicates the existence of a condition during an interval of time, such as a year?
A. peroid
B. periodic change
C. point
D. rate
A. period
T/F: indicence rate is the measure of the probability that people without a certain condition will develop that condition over a peroid of time
true
what is the term for the ratio of the indicence rate in the exposed group and the incidence rate in the non exposed group
A. adjusted
B. rate
C. crude
D. reactive risk ratio
D. relative risk ratio
T/F
a carrier is a person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease
true
T/F
an infectious disease is not contagious or communicable
false, it may or may not be contagious
EX: vaccines
T/F:
epidemic is the constant or usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or geographic area
false, explaining endemic
T/F: in descriptive studies, the researched relies on comparisons between groups to determine the role of various risk factors causing the probelm
false, this is describing analytic
T/F: cohort studies involve an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or social institution
false, case studies
T/F: case control studies, also known as prospective studies, work backward from the effect to the suspected cause
false, known as retrospective
T/F: the gold standard for research is the randomized, experimental group design
false, randomized control group design
T/F
factors that influence the emergence or reemgerence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated
true
T/F
epidemics and pandemics can place long term demands on healthcare systems
false
sudden and intense demands
T/F
outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development
true
vector born infections
arthropods or animals
what is a carrier
no sumptoms
T/F: infectivity is the ability to produce a toxin
false
T/F: natural immunitu
innate resistance specific antigen or toxins
pathogenicity
ability of the agent to produce disease in a susceptible host
T/F: infectivity is the power to invade ad infect a large number people
true
herd immunity
80% of the community has protection
T/F: fomite is an inanimate object that transports infectious agents
true
secondary vaccine
it may happen in organ donor patients
endemic
disease- occur at a consistent expected rate
T/F: incidence means new cases in a population
true
virulence means
severity of infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent
portals of exit
respiratory, vaginal secretions, semen, saliva, exudate, blood, feces
direct mode of transportation
from a host to a portal of entry through physical contact
colonization
when infectious agent is present - no clinical signs of disease and can shed
serious threat to public health
botulism and scary e coli
T/F: serious threat to public health include a potential foodbirne illness in a food worker
true
sub typing is the indentifacation of strains or groupings of bacteria below the species level
true
calculation of … provides the best indicator that a specific state of health will occur (at risk)
rates
crude rates
measures the occurrence of condition being investigated in entire poulation
the nurse works with a female client who recently developed an infection of S. aures while in the hospital. the nurse would determine that s auras is which component in the chain of infection
agent
for a disease to be communicable there must be
portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry
T/F: shedding occurs in the latent period of the infectious disease process
false
what is the gold standard for experimental research design
randomized control group
which research studies below study causality
randomized, control group studies
analytic experimental studies
prospective studies
cohort studies
quasi experimental studies
randomized control
analytic experimental
quasi experimental
T/F:
case controls studies also known as prospective studies work backwards from the effect to the suspected cause
false. retrospective studies
please select all items associated with descriptive studies
provide foundation for development of hypothees
there is treatment and intervention
test causality
there is no treatment and no intervention
they are observation and decriptive
provide foundation for development of hypothees
there is no treatment and no intervention
they are observation and decriptive
T/F: if you have been diagnosed with latent tb and have no symptoms and are not contagious than you do not need to be treated with medicaiton
false
a nurse is caring for patients taking rifampin for a TB infection, the nurse should provide education on these potential side effects
stain soft contacts
birth control may be lessed
may have some liver issues
turn body fluid orange
when considering microbial adaption the professor explains that antigenic drift occurs when
slow and progressive genetic changes that take place in DNA/RNA as organisms replicate in multiple hosts
