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Practice Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: global health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of ideas or infirmity

A

false
this is the defintion of health
global health prioritizes improving health and equity for all people worldwide with an emphasis on transnational health issues, determinants, and solutions

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2
Q

what is an epidemiologic transition
A. high fertility and high mortality resulting in slow population growth
B. improvement in hygiene and nutrition leading to a decreased burden of infectious diseases
C. decline in mortality and later decline in fertility
D. high and fluctuation mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine

A

D.
this one demonstrates epidemiological transition, the other answers describe demographic

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3
Q

T/F: risk factors are personal habits are behaviors, environmental conditions, or inborn or inherited characteristics that are known to affect a health related condition

A

true

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4
Q

T/F: health worker migration increases the burden to care for a society and results in the need to shift tasks primarily to nurses and community health workers

A

true

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5
Q

T/F: Culture is static, private, and inherited

A

false
dynamic, shared, learned

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6
Q

T/F: Cultural competence is an attitude of openness to, respect for, and curiosity about different cultural values and traditions, and ideally includes a border critical analysis of power relations affecting health disparities

A

true

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7
Q

T/F: advocates for groups that have been sociopolitically marginalized promote “Cultural safety” the ideal of considering cultural aspects of groups while working against assimilation and repression

A

true

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8
Q

T/F: cultural humility is an acknowledgement that our own beliefs are inherently better than those of our clients

A

false
cultural humility is an acknowledgment that EVERYONEs views are culturally influences, that our own are not inherently better than those of our clients

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9
Q

T/F: ethnocentrism can be defined as an assumption that everyone shares your cultural values, or an opinion that your culture is superior to others

A

true

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10
Q

T/F: epidemic- an outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a disease beyond that which is normally found In the population

A

true

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11
Q

Who is perhaps the best known epidemiologist of the 19th century
A. John Graunt
B. William Farr
C. John Snow
D. Florence Nightingale

A

John snow

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12
Q

T/F: wheel of causation is the classic model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and enviornment, not by any single factor

A

false, epidemiologic triad

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13
Q

T/F: community assessments, using epidemiology principles, form the data base that provides the evidence and rationale for interventions

A

individual and community assessments

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14
Q

T/F: adjusted rate is the measurement of the occurrence of the health problem of condition being investigated in the entire population

A

false
defitnion of the crude rate

adjusted rate is the statistical procedure that removes the effects of differences in the composition of a population, such as age, when comparing one with another

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15
Q

what is the name of the prevalence rate that indicates the existence of a condition during an interval of time, such as a year?
A. peroid
B. periodic change
C. point
D. rate

A

A. period

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16
Q

T/F: indicence rate is the measure of the probability that people without a certain condition will develop that condition over a peroid of time

A

true

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17
Q

what is the term for the ratio of the indicence rate in the exposed group and the incidence rate in the non exposed group
A. adjusted
B. rate
C. crude
D. reactive risk ratio

A

D. relative risk ratio

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18
Q

T/F
a carrier is a person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease

A

true

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19
Q

T/F
an infectious disease is not contagious or communicable

A

false, it may or may not be contagious
EX: vaccines

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20
Q

T/F:
epidemic is the constant or usual prevalence of a specific disease or infectious agent within a population or geographic area

A

false, explaining endemic

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21
Q

T/F: in descriptive studies, the researched relies on comparisons between groups to determine the role of various risk factors causing the probelm

A

false, this is describing analytic

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22
Q

T/F: cohort studies involve an in-depth analysis of an individual, group, or social institution

A

false, case studies

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23
Q

T/F: case control studies, also known as prospective studies, work backward from the effect to the suspected cause

A

false, known as retrospective

24
Q

T/F: the gold standard for research is the randomized, experimental group design

A

false, randomized control group design

25
Q

T/F
factors that influence the emergence or reemgerence of infectious diseases are multiple, complex, and interrelated

A

true

26
Q

T/F
epidemics and pandemics can place long term demands on healthcare systems

A

false
sudden and intense demands

27
Q

T/F
outbreaks of emerging and reemerging infections can disrupt economic activity and development

A

true

28
Q

vector born infections

A

arthropods or animals

29
Q

what is a carrier

A

no sumptoms

30
Q

T/F: infectivity is the ability to produce a toxin

A

false

31
Q

T/F: natural immunitu

A

innate resistance specific antigen or toxins

32
Q

pathogenicity

A

ability of the agent to produce disease in a susceptible host

33
Q

T/F: infectivity is the power to invade ad infect a large number people

A

true

34
Q

herd immunity

A

80% of the community has protection

35
Q

T/F: fomite is an inanimate object that transports infectious agents

A

true

36
Q

secondary vaccine

A

it may happen in organ donor patients

37
Q

endemic

A

disease- occur at a consistent expected rate

38
Q

T/F: incidence means new cases in a population

A

true

39
Q

virulence means

A

severity of infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent

40
Q

portals of exit

A

respiratory, vaginal secretions, semen, saliva, exudate, blood, feces

41
Q

direct mode of transportation

A

from a host to a portal of entry through physical contact

42
Q

colonization

A

when infectious agent is present - no clinical signs of disease and can shed

43
Q

serious threat to public health

A

botulism and scary e coli

44
Q

T/F: serious threat to public health include a potential foodbirne illness in a food worker

A

true

45
Q

sub typing is the indentifacation of strains or groupings of bacteria below the species level

A

true

46
Q

calculation of … provides the best indicator that a specific state of health will occur (at risk)

A

rates

47
Q

crude rates

A

measures the occurrence of condition being investigated in entire poulation

48
Q

the nurse works with a female client who recently developed an infection of S. aures while in the hospital. the nurse would determine that s auras is which component in the chain of infection

A

agent

49
Q

for a disease to be communicable there must be

A

portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry

50
Q

T/F: shedding occurs in the latent period of the infectious disease process

A

false

51
Q

what is the gold standard for experimental research design

A

randomized control group

52
Q

which research studies below study causality
randomized, control group studies
analytic experimental studies
prospective studies
cohort studies
quasi experimental studies

A

randomized control
analytic experimental
quasi experimental

53
Q

T/F:
case controls studies also known as prospective studies work backwards from the effect to the suspected cause

A

false. retrospective studies

54
Q

please select all items associated with descriptive studies
provide foundation for development of hypothees
there is treatment and intervention
test causality
there is no treatment and no intervention
they are observation and decriptive

A

provide foundation for development of hypothees
there is no treatment and no intervention
they are observation and decriptive

55
Q

T/F: if you have been diagnosed with latent tb and have no symptoms and are not contagious than you do not need to be treated with medicaiton

A

false

56
Q

a nurse is caring for patients taking rifampin for a TB infection, the nurse should provide education on these potential side effects

A

stain soft contacts
birth control may be lessed
may have some liver issues
turn body fluid orange

57
Q

when considering microbial adaption the professor explains that antigenic drift occurs when

A

slow and progressive genetic changes that take place in DNA/RNA as organisms replicate in multiple hosts

Community Health Nursing (34 decks)

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