Chapter 14 Risk of Infectious and Communicable Diseases & Further Supplementation

Question 1

infectious disease

Answer 1

presence and replication of an infectious agent in the tissues of a host with manifesation of signs and symptoms

Question 2

pathogenicity

Answer 2

ability of the agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host

Question 3

pathogenicity depends on the

Answer 3

infectivity

Question 4

what is infectivity

Answer 4

ability to invade and destroy body cells (invasiveness), produce toxins (toxicity), and its virulence

Question 5

chain of transmission

Answer 5

pathogenic agent
reservoir
portal of exit
transmission
portal of entry
host susceptibility

Question 6

infectious agents act differently depending on intrinsic properties, what is an example of this

Answer 6

agents size
shape
chemical composition
growth requirements
viability

Question 7

infectivity

Answer 7

ability of the agent to invade the host and replicate

Question 8

virulence

Answer 8

SEVERITY of the infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent

Question 9

toxicity

Answer 9

ability to produce toxins

Question 10

immunogenicity

Answer 10

ability of the agent to produce specific immunity within the host

Question 11

invasivness

Answer 11

ability of the agent to destroy body cells

Question 12

example of high infectivity

Answer 12

flu

Question 13

example of high virulence

Answer 13

ebola

Question 14

examples of infectious agents/biologic agents

Answer 14

bacteria
viruses
rickettsiae
fungi
Protozoa
helminth

Question 15

principle of multicausation

Answer 15

the infectious agent alone is not sufficient to cause disease
the agent must be transmitted in an ecniornment to a suspectiable to the host

Question 16

incubation peroid

Answer 16

time between exposure to an infectious agent and the manifestation of symptoms in the host is called the incubation peroid

Question 17

reservoir

Answer 17

the enviornment the pathogen lives and multiplies

Question 18

why is it important to know reservoirs

Answer 18

knowing them can help with the transmission and breaking the chain

Question 19

portals of exit

Answer 19

anything that is coming out of body
- respiratory secretions
- vaginal secretions
- semen
- saliva
- exudates
- blood
- feces

Question 20

portals of entry

Answer 20

respiratory
mucous membranes
skin
blood vessels
oral cavity
placenta

Question 21

**for a disease to be contagious we need 3 things

Answer 21

portal of exit from infected person
means of transmission
portal of entry to host

Question 22

direct transmission

Answer 22

physical contact
- touching
- biting
- sneezing
- sex
-

Question 23

indirect transmission 2 means of transmission

Answer 23

vectors
fomites

Question 24

vectors

Answer 24

animals

Question 25

two types of ways vectors can transmit

Answer 25

biologic
mechanical

Question 26

biologic vector

Answer 26

the animal is actually sick

Question 27

mechanical vector

Answer 27

it is not sick, it is just holding onto the infection

Question 28

fomites

Answer 28

any inanimate objects
- blood and water

Question 29

zoonoses

Answer 29

infectious transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans

Question 30

what type of transmissions can fecal oral be

Answer 30

indirect or direct
- direct: oral sex
- indirect: contaminated water

Question 31

3 things impacting host susceptibility

Answer 31

age
health status
behaviors

Question 32

carrier

Answer 32

a person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease

Question 33

colonization

Answer 33

the presence and multiplication of infectious organisms without invading or causing damage to tissue
EX: MRSA in nose or throat

Question 34

3 stages of infection

Answer 34

latent
communicable
incubation

Question 35

latent period

Answer 35

infectious agent invaded a host
* NO SHEDDING, NOT ENOUGH BACTERIA

Question 36

communicable peroid

Answer 36

shedding

Question 37

incubation

Answer 37

from invasion to time when disease symptoms first appear
SHEDDING

Question 38

incubation may overlap with

Answer 38

communicable peroid

Question 39

endemic

Answer 39

disease, infection, or infectious agent occurs when it becomes prevalence within a population or geographic area

Question 40

epidemic

Answer 40

significant increase in the number of new cases of a disease than past experience would have predicted for that place, time or population, an increase in incidence beyond that which is expected

Question 41

surveillance

Answer 41

a continual dynamic method for gathering data about the health of the general public for the purpose of primary prevention of illness

Question 42

how are noroviruses spread

Answer 42

primarily from one infected person to another by fecal-oral route through contaminated hands, food/water, or objects

Question 43

bacterial STI

Answer 43

chlamydia
gonorrhea
syphilis

Question 44

virus STI

Answer 44

Humman papilomavirus
HIV
Herpes
Hepatitis

Question 45

do viruses generally go away

Answer 45

no, stay dormant

Question 46

what are some symptoms of a STI

Answer 46

discharge or burning during urination or unusual sore or rash

Question 47

what if someone has a STI, who must be notified

Answer 47

CDC, and all partners

Question 48

who cannot get live vaccines

Answer 48

pregnant and immunocomp

Question 49

international immunizations are determined by

Answer 49

WHO

Question 50

examples of live vaccines

Answer 50

MMR, varicella, flumist

Question 51

difference between immunization and vaccine

Answer 51

vaccine is the actual administration

Question 52

cold chain

Answer 52

ensures vaccines kept at a designated tempreature

Question 53

what should we have incase of an adverse reaction

Answer 53

epipen

Question 54

what to do if someone has a mild illness without low grade fever

Answer 54

give the vaccine

Question 55

what if someone has moderate to severe febrile illness

Answer 55

postpone