Chapter 14 Risk of Infectious and Communicable Diseases & Further Supplementation Flashcards
infectious disease
presence and replication of an infectious agent in the tissues of a host with manifesation of signs and symptoms
pathogenicity
ability of the agent to produce an infectious disease in a susceptible host
pathogenicity depends on the
infectivity
what is infectivity
ability to invade and destroy body cells (invasiveness), produce toxins (toxicity), and its virulence
chain of transmission
pathogenic agent
reservoir
portal of exit
transmission
portal of entry
host susceptibility
infectious agents act differently depending on intrinsic properties, what is an example of this
agents size
shape
chemical composition
growth requirements
viability
infectivity
ability of the agent to invade the host and replicate
virulence
SEVERITY of the infectious disease that results from exposure to the agent
toxicity
ability to produce toxins
immunogenicity
ability of the agent to produce specific immunity within the host
invasivness
ability of the agent to destroy body cells
example of high infectivity
flu
example of high virulence
ebola
examples of infectious agents/biologic agents
bacteria
viruses
rickettsiae
fungi
Protozoa
helminth
principle of multicausation
the infectious agent alone is not sufficient to cause disease
the agent must be transmitted in an ecniornment to a suspectiable to the host
incubation peroid
time between exposure to an infectious agent and the manifestation of symptoms in the host is called the incubation peroid
reservoir
the enviornment the pathogen lives and multiplies
why is it important to know reservoirs
knowing them can help with the transmission and breaking the chain
portals of exit
anything that is coming out of body
- respiratory secretions
- vaginal secretions
- semen
- saliva
- exudates
- blood
- feces
portals of entry
respiratory
mucous membranes
skin
blood vessels
oral cavity
placenta
**for a disease to be contagious we need 3 things
portal of exit from infected person
means of transmission
portal of entry to host
direct transmission
physical contact
- touching
- biting
- sneezing
- sex
-
indirect transmission 2 means of transmission
vectors
fomites
vectors
animals
two types of ways vectors can transmit
biologic
mechanical
biologic vector
the animal is actually sick
mechanical vector
it is not sick, it is just holding onto the infection
fomites
any inanimate objects
- blood and water
zoonoses
infectious transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans
what type of transmissions can fecal oral be
indirect or direct
- direct: oral sex
- indirect: contaminated water
3 things impacting host susceptibility
age
health status
behaviors
carrier
a person or animal who harbors an infectious organism and transmits the organism to others while having no symptoms of the disease
colonization
the presence and multiplication of infectious organisms without invading or causing damage to tissue
EX: MRSA in nose or throat
3 stages of infection
latent
communicable
incubation
latent period
infectious agent invaded a host
* NO SHEDDING, NOT ENOUGH BACTERIA
communicable peroid
shedding
incubation
from invasion to time when disease symptoms first appear
SHEDDING
incubation may overlap with
communicable peroid
endemic
disease, infection, or infectious agent occurs when it becomes prevalence within a population or geographic area
epidemic
significant increase in the number of new cases of a disease than past experience would have predicted for that place, time or population, an increase in incidence beyond that which is expected
surveillance
a continual dynamic method for gathering data about the health of the general public for the purpose of primary prevention of illness
how are noroviruses spread
primarily from one infected person to another by fecal-oral route through contaminated hands, food/water, or objects
bacterial STI
chlamydia
gonorrhea
syphilis
virus STI
Humman papilomavirus
HIV
Herpes
Hepatitis
do viruses generally go away
no, stay dormant
what are some symptoms of a STI
discharge or burning during urination or unusual sore or rash
what if someone has a STI, who must be notified
CDC, and all partners
who cannot get live vaccines
pregnant and immunocomp
international immunizations are determined by
WHO
examples of live vaccines
MMR, varicella, flumist
difference between immunization and vaccine
vaccine is the actual administration
cold chain
ensures vaccines kept at a designated tempreature
what should we have incase of an adverse reaction
epipen
what to do if someone has a mild illness without low grade fever
give the vaccine
what if someone has moderate to severe febrile illness
postpone
