Chapter 15 Emerging Infectious Diseases

Question 1

emerging infectious diseases

Answer 1

global threat affects the stability of nations and entire planet

Question 2

2 classifications of emerging infectious diseases

Answer 2

newly identified clinically distinct infectious disease

reappearance of a known infectious disease after its decline with an incidence that is increasing in a certain geographic area or specific population

Question 3

convergence model

Answer 3

takes the 13 factors that contribute to remerregence and groups them into 4 categories

Question 4

convergence model 4 groups

Answer 4

genetic/biologic
physical/enviornmental
ecological
social/political/econimic

Question 5

antigenic drift

Answer 5

slow and progressive genetic changes that take place in DNA/RNA as organisms replicate in multiple hosts

Question 6

antigenic shift

Answer 6

sudden change in the DNA/RNA resulting in a new strain of the microorganism and people have little or no acquired immunity

Question 7

3 stages of microbial adaption

Answer 7

1. epidemic
2. saviors left with improved defense and becomes endemic
3. symbiosis is possible mutual tolerance and mutual benefit for both microorganism and host

Question 8

what happens as microbes adapt over the centuries

Answer 8

illness they produce become less acute
symptoms are milder, fewer organism are involved as immunity develops

Question 9

lymes disease rash

Answer 9

bullseye

Question 10

what is the most commonly reported vector borne disease in the USA

Answer 10

lymes

Question 11

how do tics get the disease

Answer 11

gets it from the deer but the deer is never affected

Question 12

how to prevent lymes disease

Answer 12

DEET
clear well defined trails
long clothes
don’t rewear clothes

Question 13

how to remove tics

Answer 13

use tweasers
don’t use vaseline, fire, or alcohol

Question 14

in TB mycobacterium spreads via

Answer 14

droplet nuclei

Question 15

TB usually affects the

Answer 15

lungs

Question 16

S/S of TB

Answer 16

bad cough lasting 3 weeks
pain in chest
weakness/fatigue
rust colored sputum
weight loss/anorexia
night sweats
chills/fever

Question 17

TB risk factors

Answer 17

tight living quarters
below/at poverty line
refugee/immigrant
immune system
substance abusers
kids less than 5 years

Question 18

medications for TB

Answer 18

pyrazinamide
ethambutol
rifampin
isoniazid INH
streptomycin

Question 19

pyrazinamide

Answer 19

watch out for gout (esp. in diabetes/kidney)

Question 20

ethambutol

Answer 20

report vision problems
peripheral neuropathy

Question 21

rifampin

Answer 21

turns body fluids orange
stains contacts
less effective birth control

Question 22

isoniazid INH

Answer 22

decreased vit B6
peripheral neuropathy

Question 23

streptomycin

Answer 23

CN VIII
hearing

Question 24

DOT

Answer 24

direct observation of patient taking medication help increase adherence

Question 25

VDOT

Answer 25

video directly observed therapy

Question 26

testing procedures

Answer 26

PPD- skin
blood test

Question 27

if someone has vaccines what will the PPD look like

Answer 27

positive

Question 28

5 mm PPD

Answer 28

living with HIV
organ transplants
immunosuppressed

Question 29

10 mm PPD

Answer 29

abuse drugs
high risk congregate settings
low body weight
younger than 5 years

Question 30

15mm PPD

Answer 30

positive in people with no known risk factors

Question 31

skin interpretation depends on

Answer 31

measurement in mm of induration
person risk of TB infection or the risk of progression to TB disease if infected

Question 32

latent TB

Answer 32

no symptoms
cannot spread
positive blood/PPD
need meds
can go to active quick

Question 33

active TB

Answer 33

has symptoms
may spread
positive PPD/blood
abnormal CXR