Chapter 6 Epidemiology: The Science of Prevention

Question 1

who is considered the father of modern medicine

Answer 1

hippocrates

Question 2

an outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a diseases beyond that which is normally found in the population

Answer 2

epidemic

Question 3

model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and environment

Answer 3

epidemiologic triad

Question 4

study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations, used both as a research methodology to study states of health and illness, and as a body of knowledge that results from the study of a specific state of health or illness

Answer 4

epidemiology

Question 5

course of a disease or condition from the onset to resolution

Answer 5

natural history

Question 6

epidemic usually limited to a localized increase in the incidence of the illness

Answer 6

outbreak

Question 7

primary measurement used to describe either the occurence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness

Answer 7

rate

Question 8

probability or likelihood that a disease or illness will occur in a group of people who presently do not have the problem

Answer 8

risk

Question 9

characertsitcs or events that have been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop

Answer 9

risk factore

Question 10

epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes the concept of multiple causation while deemphasizing the role of agents in explaining illness

Answer 10

web of causation

Question 11

epidemiologic model that de emphasizes the agent as the sole cause of disease while emphasizing the interplay of physical, biologic, and social enviornemtns

Answer 11

wheel of causation

Question 12

endemic

Answer 12

certain amount of disease that is constant in a community

Question 13

epidemiology
- study of the ___________ and _____________ of states of health and illness in human populations

Answer 13

distribution, determinants

Question 14

epidemiology is used in 2 ways

Answer 14

research methodology
body of knowledge

Question 15

goals of epidemiology

Answer 15

prevent or limit the consequences of illness and disability in humans, as well as to maximize their state of health

Question 16

states of health and illness include

Answer 16

health, disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality

Question 17

epidemic relates to increased incidence or prevalence

Answer 17

incidence

Question 18

what illness are developed countries moving towards

Answer 18

noncommunicable

Question 19

why are developing countries moving toward noncommunicable diseases

Answer 19

living longer, having treatment for infections

Question 20

what did John Graunt do

Answer 20

bills of mortality
study of illness in groups of people

Question 21

what did William Farr do

Answer 21

took graunts work father
early statistician
set up the system for the consistent collection of the numbers and causes of death

Question 22

what did Farr do with the number of death

Answer 22

compared them to occupation, gender, and imprisionment

Question 23

what did John Snow

Answer 23

remove the handle to the broad street pump

Question 24

what diagram did Florence create

Answer 24

polar area diagram

Question 25

what was Florence a pioneer of

Answer 25

epidemiologist

Question 26

Florence stated that statistics provide an

Answer 26

organized way of learning from experience

Question 27

3 types of epidemiologic models

Answer 27

triad
wheel
web

Question 28

what does the triad show

Answer 28

host, agent, enviornment
single causation

Question 29

what does the wheel of causation emphasize

Answer 29

interplay of physical, biologic, and social enviornment

Question 30

web of causation

Answer 30

multiple levels of potential varaibles
deemphasizes the role of agents in explaining illness
complex relationship between all risk factors

Question 31

what should we assess

Answer 31

individual and community

Question 32

data gathered
person place and time

Answer 32

assessment

Question 33

hypothesis formulated
data analyzed

Answer 33

diagnosis

Question 34

plans are made

Answer 34

planning

Question 35

actions are initiated

Answer 35

implementation

Question 36

actions are evualated

Answer 36

evaluation

Question 37

two different types of risk factors

Answer 37

modifiable and nonmodficable

Question 38

obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking are all what types of risk factors

Answer 38

modifiable

Question 39

primary prevention

Answer 39

prepathogenesis
- health promotion
- specific protection

Question 40

secondary prevention

Answer 40

early pathogenesis
- early diagnosis and prompt treatment
- disability limitation

Question 41

tertary prevention

Answer 41

convalescence
- rehab
- tertiary prevention

Question 42

immunization

Answer 42

primary

Question 43

screening

Answer 43

secondary

Question 44

the peroid of pathogenesis begins when there are biologic, psychological, or other responses within the host

Answer 44

secondary

Question 45

rehab that enables the individual to function at his or her maximum capacity

Answer 45

tertiary

Question 46

who do we need to assess the readiness of

Answer 46

community

Question 47

BRFSS behavioral risk factor surveillance

Answer 47

collect, analyze, and interpret specific behavioral risk factors helps plan, implement, and monitor health promotion and disease prevention programs

Question 48

outbreaks are usually limited to

Answer 48

localized increase in incidence of the illness