Chapter 6 Epidemiology: The Science of Prevention Flashcards

1
Q

who is considered the father of modern medicine

A

hippocrates

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2
Q

an outbreak that occurs when there is an increased incidence of a diseases beyond that which is normally found in the population

A

epidemic

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3
Q

model based on the belief that health status is determined by the interaction of the characteristics of the host, agent, and environment

A

epidemiologic triad

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4
Q

study of the distribution and determinants of states of health and illness in human populations, used both as a research methodology to study states of health and illness, and as a body of knowledge that results from the study of a specific state of health or illness

A

epidemiology

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5
Q

course of a disease or condition from the onset to resolution

A

natural history

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6
Q

epidemic usually limited to a localized increase in the incidence of the illness

A

outbreak

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7
Q

primary measurement used to describe either the occurence or the existence of a specific state of health or illness

A

rate

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8
Q

probability or likelihood that a disease or illness will occur in a group of people who presently do not have the problem

A

risk

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9
Q

characertsitcs or events that have been shown to increase the probability that a specific disease or illness will develop

A

risk factore

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10
Q

epidemiologic model that strongly emphasizes the concept of multiple causation while deemphasizing the role of agents in explaining illness

A

web of causation

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11
Q

epidemiologic model that de emphasizes the agent as the sole cause of disease while emphasizing the interplay of physical, biologic, and social enviornemtns

A

wheel of causation

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12
Q

endemic

A

certain amount of disease that is constant in a community

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13
Q

epidemiology
- study of the ___________ and _____________ of states of health and illness in human populations

A

distribution, determinants

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14
Q

epidemiology is used in 2 ways

A

research methodology
body of knowledge

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15
Q

goals of epidemiology

A

prevent or limit the consequences of illness and disability in humans, as well as to maximize their state of health

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16
Q

states of health and illness include

A

health, disease, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality

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17
Q

epidemic relates to increased incidence or prevalence

A

incidence

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18
Q

what illness are developed countries moving towards

A

noncommunicable

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19
Q

why are developing countries moving toward noncommunicable diseases

A

living longer, having treatment for infections

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20
Q

what did John Graunt do

A

bills of mortality
study of illness in groups of people

21
Q

what did William Farr do

A

took graunts work father
early statistician
set up the system for the consistent collection of the numbers and causes of death

22
Q

what did Farr do with the number of death

A

compared them to occupation, gender, and imprisionment

23
Q

what did John Snow

A

remove the handle to the broad street pump

24
Q

what diagram did Florence create

A

polar area diagram

25
what was Florence a pioneer of
epidemiologist
26
Florence stated that statistics provide an
organized way of learning from experience
27
3 types of epidemiologic models
triad wheel web
28
what does the triad show
host, agent, enviornment single causation
29
what does the wheel of causation emphasize
interplay of physical, biologic, and social enviornment
30
web of causation
multiple levels of potential varaibles deemphasizes the role of agents in explaining illness complex relationship between all risk factors
31
what should we assess
individual and community
32
data gathered person place and time
assessment
33
hypothesis formulated data analyzed
diagnosis
34
plans are made
planning
35
actions are initiated
implementation
36
actions are evualated
evaluation
37
two different types of risk factors
modifiable and nonmodficable
38
obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking are all what types of risk factors
modifiable
39
primary prevention
prepathogenesis - health promotion - specific protection
40
secondary prevention
early pathogenesis - early diagnosis and prompt treatment - disability limitation
41
tertary prevention
convalescence - rehab - tertiary prevention
42
immunization
primary
43
screening
secondary
44
the peroid of pathogenesis begins when there are biologic, psychological, or other responses within the host
secondary
45
rehab that enables the individual to function at his or her maximum capacity
tertiary
46
who do we need to assess the readiness of
community
47
BRFSS behavioral risk factor surveillance
collect, analyze, and interpret specific behavioral risk factors helps plan, implement, and monitor health promotion and disease prevention programs
48
outbreaks are usually limited to
localized increase in incidence of the illness
49