Chapter 4 Global Health A Community Perspective Flashcards
a persons health status is highly dependent on his or her
living enviornment
social norms
gender
age
health defintion
state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
public health defintion
science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts
who is the father of public health
Winslow
Who placed health on a continuum
Dunn
4 different models of health
clinical
role performance
adaptive
eudaemonistic
clinical model
elimination of disease or symptoms
role performance model
match between people and social roles
adaptive model
involves adaption to the enviornment
eudaemonistic model
actualization or realization of human potential
what level of health do we strive for
eudaemonistic
- actualization of human potential
when I feel well I would not say I am sick
clinical model
I am unhealthy because I am unable to perform my role as a mother
role performance
I am healthy because I can adapt to adversity
adaptive
I consider myself health if I can function physically, emotionally, and socially
eudaemonistic model
What is health influenced by
politics
economics
culture
6 determinants of health
physical enviornment
social enviornment
health behaviors and coping skills
access to health services
healthy child development
employment and working conditions
demographic and epidemiologic transitions refer to the
improvement in global health indicators
examples of global health indicators
life expectancy
morbidity/mortality
infectious disease
health service coverage
health system expenditure and equities
demographics and socioeconomic
demographic and health survey
evaluate the health of a nation
epidemiologic transitions include the following
- high and fluctuating _______ due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
mortality
epidemiologic transitions include the following
- progressive declines in _____________ as epidemics become less frequent
epidemics
epidemiologic transitions include the following
- further decline in _________, increasing life expectancy and predominance of noncommunicable diseases
mortality
what is the shift
communicable to noncommunicable
noncommunicable diseases
diseases that afflict a population which are chronic in nature and may be due to lifestyle changes, sometimes as a result of modernization of societies
EX: cancer
communicable diseases
an illness caused by infectious agents or its toxins that occurs through direct/indirect transmission of the infectious agent or its products from an infected individual or by an animal, vector, or the inanimate enviornment to a suspectibale animal or host
global burden of diseasse
the risks to health and health outcomes in different demograhic populations and social settings related to a set of diseases and injuries
the burden of disease is growing
disproportionately
burden of disease is largely affected by
climate, public policy, age of the population, socioeconomic conditions, risk factors
what can impact your chances of getting a noncommunicable disease
tobacco
alcohol
poor diet
physical activity
while communicable disease is still prevalent __% of all deaths globally are caused by NCD
70
risk factors defintion
personal habits and behaviors, environmental conditions or inborn inherited characetrsitics that are known to affect a health related condition
examples of risk factors
childhood and maternal malnutrition
other nutution related risk factors and inactivity
addictive substances
sexual and reproductive health
environmental risks
health indicators
morbidity and mortality
risk factors
health service coverage
health system rescources
how can risk factors be addressed
individual and sociteal
millennium development goals were developed to
coordinate and strengthen global efforts to meet the needs of the poorest of the poor
sustainable development goals shared a blueprint for
peace and prosperity for people and the planet
sustainable development goals recognize that
ending poverty must go hand in hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth
while tackling climate change
are health and education linked
yes
global enviornment is intricately intertwined with the
economic and political status of a nation
national healthcare systems
highly regulated
salaried physicians
funded by government
involve relatively high taxes
free market healthcare systems depend on
individual employer contributions than taxes
care delivery value chains
targeted at a specific problem can create a system that engages all aspects of care toward one outcome
elements of the value chain include the following
monitoring/prevention
diagnosing
preparing
intervening
recovering/rehabilitation
monitoring/managing overall outcomes
factors that affect outcomes of health status
determinants of health
epidemiologic transitions include
- high and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
- progressive decline in mortality, as epidemics becomes less frequent
- further decline in mortality, increasing life expectancy, and predominance of NCD
demographic transitions
- high fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
- improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to less infectious disease
- mortality declines, and later fertility declines
- elderly population increases
as a country becomes more developed, levels of demographic or epidemiological transitions shift
upward
elderly population increases
demographic
high and fluctuating mortality, due to poor health, epidemics, and famine
epidemiologic
mortality declines, and later fertility declines
demogrpahicb
improvement in hygiene and nutrition, leading to less infectious disease
demographic
progressive decline in mortality, as epidemics becomes less frequent
epide.
further decline in mortality, increasing life expectancy, and predominance of NCD
epide.
high fertility and high mortality, resulting in slow population growth
demo.
