Exam 1 Study Guide Flashcards
Essay:
What is implicit bias? How can this affect the nursing care you provide?
Essay:
What is a health disparity, where some of the causes, and what might be an upstream approach to this problem?
Essay:
What are the stages to trasntheoretical change model and how can you use this model when using motivational interviewing communication skills?
Essay:
Please list three major changes that have occurred to bring about change in the 21st century health care
Essay:
Please describe in your own words the 8 principles of public health nursing
Determinants of health
factors that affect an individuals overall health and well being
EX: persons inherited characteristics, features, and traits
Social determinants of health
social conditions where people live work and play
Five primary social determinants
Healthcare access and quality
neighborhood and built enviornment
social and community context
economic stability
education access and quality
Health disparities
differences in healthcare and health outcomes experienced by one population when compared with another
three major changes that have occurred in the 21st century
patient centered care
increased use of technology
increased personal responsibility
patient centered care
consideration of cultural traditions, personal preferences, values, families, and lifestyles
What shift occurs due to patient centered
broader range of outcomes needs to be measured from the patients perspective to understand the true benefits and risks of healthcare inteventions
HiTech
provide monetary incentives for physicians and hospitals to use EHR
Physicians who have not implemented Hi Tech have difficulty
coordinating care
evaluating quality of care
avoiding medial errors
8 principles of public health nursing
- Client is the population
- Primary obligation is to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people
- Public health nurses collaborate with the client as an equal partner
- primary prevention is the priority in selecting activites
- Focuses on strategies that create healthy environmental/social/econimic conditions in which populations might thrive
- obligated to actively identify and reach out to all who will benefit from actives
- optimal use of avaible resources and creation of new evidence based strategies is necessary to assure the best overall improvement in health
- collaboration with other professions./populations/organizations
public health intervention wheel
17 different interventions where the actions can be taken on behalf of the individual, families, communities, and systems to protect or improve health status
why engage in evidence based practice
increase the quality of care of a patient
epidemiology
science of prevention
knowelege of natural history of diseases and the risk factors that increase a persons susceptibility
theory of reasoned action
behavior model
emphasizes that the individuals performance of a given behavior is primarily determined by a persons intention to perform that behavior
three challenges of the 21st century public health nursing
engaging in evidence based practice
helping eliminate health disparities in underserved communities
demonstrating cultural competence
outreach
locates populations at risk, provides information, identifies possible actions, and identifies access to services
surveillance
monitors health events through ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for planning, implementing. and evaluating public health interventions
screening
idetinfies individuals with unrecognizable risk factors or asymptomatic conditions
case management
involves the coordination of plan or process to bring health services and the self care capabilities of the client together as a common whole in a cost effective way
role of federal government regulation of public health
creates policy, financing, and regulatory enforcement
asseshealth problems
intervenes by making policy
ensure that services are delivered
- food, drugs, devices, occupational health, enviornment
agency involved in refugees and asylees
US department of health and human services (USDHHS)
research surveillance
monitors research through ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health data for planning, implementing, and evaluating public health interventions
philanthropic
directly assist the common good of populations through their endowment funds
government funding
involves the allocation of tax funds to state governments in support of public health programs
- block grants
politics
process of influencing the allocation of resources needed to enable policies and involves the strategies needed to achieve the desired goals
policy
set of principles that govern an action to achieve a given outcome or guidelines that direct individuals behavior toward a specific goal
health policy
impact on the health of the individual, family, population or community
cost benefit analysis
cost to the provider that is the actual and direct cost of providing a service
quality of care
degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired outcomes and are consistent with current knowledge
IHI
- safety
- effectivness
- patient centerdness
- timliness
- equality
three benefits of affordable care act
provides expanded coverage
access with reduced cost
extended the age of children’s insurance coverage
nurses focus on modifiable risks
suggest that nurses work to prevent the incidence and prevalence of various illnesses in communities primarily through primary prevention
Nongovernmental organizations
use privative fundraising to address the needs of individuals, families, and populatiosn
What areas are regulated by federal government
food
drugs
devices
occupational health
environment
steps of policy making process
setting an agenda
policy formation
policy adoption
policy implementaion
policy assessment
policy modification
cost basis analysis defintion
considering the original price of an asset plus any cost associated with buying the assets
subtracting cost basis from market value will leave you with the capital gain or loss
transtheoretical stage of change
precontemplation
contemplation
prepration
action
maintience
relapse
transtheoretical stage
- maintence must occur for how long
6 mo
health belief model
behavior change model that considers the SEVERITY of the potential illness or physical challenge, the level of SUSCEPTIBILITY, the BENEFITS, of taking preventative action, and the CHALLENGES (BARRIERS) that may be faced in taking action toward the goal of health promotion. CUES TO ACTION allow a person to recognize what is happening to them, whereas SELF EFFICACY allows a person to question whether or not they can do it
health belief model key words
severity
susceptibility
benefits
challenges
cues to action
self efficacy
health literacy
degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate decisions
who helped develop the children’s bureau
Lillian wald
who helped developed American red cross
Clara Barton
learning model skinner
behavior change model emphasizing reinforcement of social competence, problem solving, autonomy and sense of purpose. Reinforcers can either be intrinsic or extrinsic
motivational learning
interviewer is actively seeking to understanding the persons frame of reference through relective listing. the interviewer is also expressing acceptance and affirmation throughout. The interview is responsible for eliciting and selecting reinforcing motivational statements of problem recognition, concern, desire, intention, and ability to change. The interviewer also monitors the degree of readiness to change to ensure the resistance is not generated by clinical control. The most important thing that the interviewer does os affirming freedom of choice and direction
logic model
used when visual representation of the intervention being implemented is required. It can include the particular program, who it is directed at, what is going to be accomplished, when is ti going to be implemented, why is it going to be implemented, major milestones are identified
SMART goals
specific
measurable
achievable
relevant
time bound
assessment frameworks for community assessments
epidemilogic approach to community assessment
geographic information systems
community as partner frameworek
functional health status approach
developmental models
community assessment asset based approach
collaborative model
Public health in the second half of the century
greater emphasis on increasing the demand for services in the community now that the threat of infectious disease was diminishing due to improvements in sanitation, nutrition, and housing
early 20th century federal healthcare initiaitves
Spanish american war brought the tranning of many new nurses resulting in the establishment of army/navy nurse corps
Mary Breckinridge
improve infant and maternal health in rural Kentucky
Florence nightingale
mother of nursing
soldiers were dying from illness than combat during the Crimean war
recognized the link between poor sanitation and poor health outcomes and wanted to break the link
Lillian wald
MOTHER OF PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
recognized the poor conditions of immigrants in the lower east side of New York was established by Henry street
Clara Barton
civil war
presented to congress a plan to have a neutral service in times of war
established the American red cross
Dorthea Dix
recognized the poor conditions of the mentally ill and prisoners, this lead to mental hospitals which improved the lives
Lemuel shattuck
devised the shattuck report
- recommended the establishment of state health department and local health boards
attempted to write the first comprehensive public health code
need for organized public health system
growing need due to containous diseases brought by seamen
American social values were strongly influenced by
british
colonies were focused on
sanitation
viral statistics
control of infectious diseases
