Chapter 3 Health Policy, Politics & Reform

Question 1

chapter highlights
- healthcare policy and the political process
- healthcare finance and cost benefit in relation to health policy
- access to healthcare and insurance facts in the United states
- healthcare workforce diversity and its effects on the quality of healthcare
- nursings role in shaping healthcare policy
- quality of care and evaluation
- information management facts
- ethical consideration in health policy
- political advocacy, how to be politically active and advocate
- health advocacy and healthcare reform
- affordable care act overview and updates
- community based services and healthcare reform
- healthcare services research application to healthcare policy

Question 2

policies
- defintion

Answer 2

set of principles that govern an action to achieve a given outcome, or guidelines that direct individuals behavior toward a specific goal

Question 3

public health policy
- defintion

Answer 3

decisions made in regard to the health of the individual and the community

Question 4

health policies
- definition

Answer 4

impact on the health of an individual, a family, and a population or community

Question 5

policies reflect the values and beliefs of what two parties

Answer 5

policy makers and policy followers

Question 6

policy refers to the

Answer 6

goals, plans and specific strategies

Question 7

public policies address what

Answer 7

community problems

Question 8

three main components of public health policy

Answer 8

1 health related decisions guided by the state laws written by legislators
2. rules and regulations designed to operate the health related activities and programs
3. the judicial decisions relates to health, which involve both federal and state governments

Question 9

three main components of public health policy
1. health related decisions guided by

Answer 9

state laws

Question 10

three main components of public health policy
2. rules and regualtions designed to operate the

Answer 10

health related actives and programs

Question 11

three main components of public health policy
3. the judicial decisions relates to

Answer 11

health

Question 12

three main components of public health policy
3. the judicial decisions relates to health which involves

Answer 12

federal and state goverment

Question 13

politics defintion

Answer 13

process of influencing the allocation of resources needed to enable policy and involves the strategies needed to achieve the desired goals

Question 14

steps to a policy making

Answer 14

1. setting an agenda
2. policy formation
3. policy adoption
4. policy implementaion
5. policy assessment
6. policy modification

Question 15

setting an agenda

Answer 15

problem of common interest is identified
1. significance of the problem
2. political support
3. ability to perceive the viability of proposed alternate solutions

Question 16

policy fomation

Answer 16

specific policy selected

Question 17

policy adoption

Answer 17

selecting the policy that should gain support

Question 18

policy implementation

Answer 18

actually carrying out of policy

Question 19

policy assessment

Answer 19

evaluation of implemented policy and if it serves the goal of solving the issue

Question 20

policy modification

Answer 20

depends on assessment, maintained, changed, eliminated

Question 21

3 common themes of politics

Answer 21

1. power of influence implies there is room for shaping desired outcomes by having an impact on the decisions made by governments, communities, or associations
2. the most critical process for politics is to make decisions regarding the distribution and allocation of resources
   3.rescource are believed to affect the desired outcome and outputs from a given policy

Question 22

economics
-defintion

Answer 22

study of how individuals, groups, organizations, and society allocate and utilize resocues

Question 23

cost benefit approach
- what is it effective at

Answer 23

evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment/interventoin

Question 24

cost benefit approach
- definition

Answer 24

the cost to the provider that is the actual and direct cost of providing a service

Question 25

cost benefit approach - how to find it

Answer 25

total - profit = cost to provider

Question 26

the less diverse a workforce is

Answer 26

the less appropriate and effective the healthcare policies will be for disadvantaged populations

Question 27

why should nurses be involved in politics

Answer 27

- direct caregivers - awareness of patient safety and satisfaction, access to service, clinical outcomes, and health disparities - positioned to see the impact of policy on individuals

Question 28

what type of advocate should a nurse be

Answer 28

patient and political

Question 29

ANA goal

Answer 29

represent the interest of nurses

Question 30

NLN goal

Answer 30

advocates a curriculum revolution and incorporates political activism in their strategic plan

Question 31

ICN

Answer 31

130 national nursing associations assure the quality nursing care is rooted in reasonable and effective health politics through the generation of research

Question 32

challenges/barriers to getting involved

Answer 32

- not enough time to get involved - heavy workloads with understaffing - perception of powerlessness - gender issues - political action breaching family time - anxiety with public speaking - lack of knowledge in legislative process - fear of retaliation

Question 33

IHI quality of care characteristics

Answer 33

safety effectiveness patient centeredness timeliness equality

Question 34

IHI quality of care characteristic - safety

Answer 34

avoiding injury and harm from care that is meant to aid patients

Question 35

IHI quality of care characteristics - effectiveness

Answer 35

assuring that evidence based care is actually delivered by avoiding overuse of medically unproven care and the underuse of medically sound care

Question 36

IHI quality of care characteristics - patient centeredness

Answer 36

involving patients thoroughly in the decision making process about their care, thereby respecting their cultures, social circumstances, and needs

Question 37

IHI quality of care characteristics - timeliness

Answer 37

avoiding unwanted delays in treatment

Question 38

IHI quality of care characteristics - equality

Answer 38

closing racial, ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic gaps in care and outcomes

Question 39

equity defintion

Answer 39

healthcare that does not vary in quality

Question 40

affordable care act core principles of primary care (4)

Answer 40

- comprehensive - coordinated & continuous primary care - preventative care - HIT

Question 41

patient centered medical home - focus

Answer 41

provision of primary and preventative care by qualified primary care providers

Question 42

patient centered medical home - supported by

Answer 42

interdisciplinary team of health professionals

Question 43

patient centered medical home - care must be

Answer 43

accessible, high quality, safe, efficient, continuous, comprehensive, coordinated with other healthcare providers

Question 44

patient centered medical home - basic requirements (9)

Answer 44

1. access and communication 2. patient tracking and registry functions 3. care management 4. patient self management and support 5. electronic prescribing 6. test tracking 7. referral tracking 8. performance reporting and improvement 9. advanced electronic communication

Question 45

accountable care organizations - provide what

Answer 45

- structure for reforms in the way that healthcare is financed - provide better care at lower costs

Question 46

meaningful use goals (5)

Answer 46

1. improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of care and to reduce health disparities 2. engage patients and their families 3. improve care coordination 4. improve population and public health 5. ensure adequate privacy and security protection for personal health informaiton

Question 47

what does healthcare focus on

Answer 47

prevention

Question 48

what did healthcare focus on previously

Answer 48

treatment

Question 49

2 parts of the comprehensive healthcare reform law

Answer 49

1. patient protection and affordable care act 2. health care and education reconciliation act