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Community Health Nursing > Chapter 3 Health Policy, Politics & Reform > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Health Policy, Politics & Reform Flashcards

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1
Q

chapter highlights
- healthcare policy and the political process
- healthcare finance and cost benefit in relation to health policy
- access to healthcare and insurance facts in the United states
- healthcare workforce diversity and its effects on the quality of healthcare
- nursings role in shaping healthcare policy
- quality of care and evaluation
- information management facts
- ethical consideration in health policy
- political advocacy, how to be politically active and advocate
- health advocacy and healthcare reform
- affordable care act overview and updates
- community based services and healthcare reform
- healthcare services research application to healthcare policy

A
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2
Q

policies
- defintion

A

set of principles that govern an action to achieve a given outcome, or guidelines that direct individuals behavior toward a specific goal

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3
Q

public health policy
- defintion

A

decisions made in regard to the health of the individual and the community

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4
Q

health policies
- definition

A

impact on the health of an individual, a family, and a population or community

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5
Q

policies reflect the values and beliefs of what two parties

A

policy makers and policy followers

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6
Q

policy refers to the

A

goals, plans and specific strategies

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7
Q

public policies address what

A

community problems

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8
Q

three main components of public health policy

A

1 health related decisions guided by the state laws written by legislators
2. rules and regulations designed to operate the health related activities and programs
3. the judicial decisions relates to health, which involve both federal and state governments

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9
Q

three main components of public health policy
1. health related decisions guided by

A

state laws

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10
Q

three main components of public health policy
2. rules and regualtions designed to operate the

A

health related actives and programs

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11
Q

three main components of public health policy
3. the judicial decisions relates to

A

health

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12
Q

three main components of public health policy
3. the judicial decisions relates to health which involves

A

federal and state goverment

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13
Q

politics defintion

A

process of influencing the allocation of resources needed to enable policy and involves the strategies needed to achieve the desired goals

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14
Q

steps to a policy making

A
  1. setting an agenda
  2. policy formation
  3. policy adoption
  4. policy implementaion
  5. policy assessment
  6. policy modification
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15
Q

setting an agenda

A

problem of common interest is identified
1. significance of the problem
2. political support
3. ability to perceive the viability of proposed alternate solutions

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16
Q

policy fomation

A

specific policy selected

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17
Q

policy adoption

A

selecting the policy that should gain support

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18
Q

policy implementation

A

actually carrying out of policy

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19
Q

policy assessment

A

evaluation of implemented policy and if it serves the goal of solving the issue

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20
Q

policy modification

A

depends on assessment, maintained, changed, eliminated

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21
Q

3 common themes of politics

A
  1. power of influence implies there is room for shaping desired outcomes by having an impact on the decisions made by governments, communities, or associations
  2. the most critical process for politics is to make decisions regarding the distribution and allocation of resources
    3.rescource are believed to affect the desired outcome and outputs from a given policy
22
Q

economics
-defintion

A

study of how individuals, groups, organizations, and society allocate and utilize resocues

23
Q

cost benefit approach
- what is it effective at

A

evaluating the effectiveness of a treatment/interventoin

24
Q

cost benefit approach
- definition

A

the cost to the provider that is the actual and direct cost of providing a service

25
Q

cost benefit approach
- how to find it

A

total - profit = cost to provider

26
Q

the less diverse a workforce is

A

the less appropriate and effective the healthcare policies will be for disadvantaged populations

27
Q

why should nurses be involved in politics

A
  • direct caregivers
  • awareness of patient safety and satisfaction, access to service, clinical outcomes, and health disparities
  • positioned to see the impact of policy on individuals
28
Q

what type of advocate should a nurse be

A

patient and political

29
Q

ANA goal

A

represent the interest of nurses

30
Q

NLN goal

A

advocates a curriculum revolution and incorporates political activism in their strategic plan

31
Q

ICN

A

130 national nursing associations
assure the quality nursing care is rooted in reasonable and effective health politics through the generation of research

32
Q

challenges/barriers to getting involved

A
  • not enough time to get involved
  • heavy workloads with understaffing
  • perception of powerlessness
  • gender issues
  • political action breaching family time
  • anxiety with public speaking
  • lack of knowledge in legislative process
  • fear of retaliation
33
Q

IHI quality of care characteristics

A

safety
effectiveness
patient centeredness
timeliness
equality

34
Q

IHI quality of care characteristic
- safety

A

avoiding injury and harm from care that is meant to aid patients

35
Q

IHI quality of care characteristics
- effectiveness

A

assuring that evidence based care is actually delivered by avoiding overuse of medically unproven care and the underuse of medically sound care

36
Q

IHI quality of care characteristics
- patient centeredness

A

involving patients thoroughly in the decision making process about their care, thereby respecting their cultures, social circumstances, and needs

37
Q

IHI quality of care characteristics
- timeliness

A

avoiding unwanted delays in treatment

38
Q

IHI quality of care characteristics
- equality

A

closing racial, ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic gaps in care and outcomes

39
Q

equity defintion

A

healthcare that does not vary in quality

40
Q

affordable care act core principles of primary care (4)

A
  • comprehensive
  • coordinated & continuous primary care
  • preventative care
  • HIT
41
Q

patient centered medical home
- focus

A

provision of primary and preventative care by qualified primary care providers

42
Q

patient centered medical home
- supported by

A

interdisciplinary team of health professionals

43
Q

patient centered medical home
- care must be

A

accessible, high quality, safe, efficient, continuous, comprehensive, coordinated with other healthcare providers

44
Q

patient centered medical home
- basic requirements (9)

A
  1. access and communication
  2. patient tracking and registry functions
  3. care management
  4. patient self management and support
  5. electronic prescribing
  6. test tracking
  7. referral tracking
  8. performance reporting and improvement
  9. advanced electronic communication
45
Q

accountable care organizations
- provide what

A
  • structure for reforms in the way that healthcare is financed
  • provide better care at lower costs
46
Q

meaningful use goals (5)

A
  1. improve the quality, safety, and efficiency of care and to reduce health disparities
  2. engage patients and their families
  3. improve care coordination
  4. improve population and public health
  5. ensure adequate privacy and security protection for personal health informaiton
47
Q

what does healthcare focus on

A

prevention

48
Q

what did healthcare focus on previously

A

treatment

49
Q

2 parts of the comprehensive healthcare reform law

A
  1. patient protection and affordable care act
  2. health care and education reconciliation act
50
Q
A

Community Health Nursing (34 decks)

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