Practical 9 - Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Question 1

who should be assessed for CVD risk

Answer 1

men 45 years and older

women 55 years and older

Question 2

in maori, pacific or south asain populations assessment should begin

Answer 2

15 years earlier

Question 3

if there is a first degree relative with : diabetes, heart attack prior to 50 y, familial hypercholesteroliemia then CVD risk assessment should be initiated when

Answer 3

10 years earlier

Question 4

in individuals who smoke, have a history of gestational diabetes, have pre diabetes, have BMI>30, have atrial fibrillation then CVD risk assessment should be initiated when

Answer 4

10 years earlier

Question 5

the equations have not been developed to calculate risk in people who :

Answer 5

• have pre existing CVD
• have chronic heart failure, familial hypercholesterolemia, chronic kidney disease or diabetes with overt renal disease
• people over 75 years of age

Question 6

CVD risk assessment in people with severe mental illness should be initiated when

Answer 6

at 25 years of age

Question 7

there are seperate CVD risk equations for who

Answer 7

men and women and people with and without diabetes

Question 8

diabetes specific equations for CVD risk also include

Answer 8

• years since diagnosis
• eGFR
• HbA1c
• oral hypoglycaemic medication
• on insulin

Question 9

what is included in CVD risk equations

Answer 9

• age
• ethnicity
• smoking status
• family history of premature CVD
• atrial fibrillation
• systolic blood pressure
• BMI
• total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio
• BP lowering medication
• lipid lowering medication
• antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications

Question 10

when there is a <5% CVD risk what is the drug therapy advice

Answer 10

evidence indicates medication management has limited benefit

Question 11

when there is a 5-15% CVD risk what is the drug therapy advice

Answer 11

discuss the magnitude of benefits, based on the evidence that the higher the risk for the patient, the more likely they are to benefit

Question 12

when there is a >15% CVD risk what is the drug therapy advice

Answer 12

strong evidence supports using statins and blood pressure lowering to prevent CVD events and deaths

Question 13

when there is established CVD what is the drug therapy advice

Answer 13

strong evidence supports pharmacotherapy for modifiable risk factors and antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention