Lecture 22 - Adult Body Weight and Obesity

Question 1

what are the characteristics of the carcinogenic diet

Answer 1

• low fruits and vegetables
• low antioxidants
• low fibre
• high fat intake
• alcohol

Question 2

what are the characteristics of the atherogenic diet (heart disease)

Answer 2

• high saturated fat intake
• high tans fatty acids
• low fruits and vegetables
• low antioxidants
• low fibre

Question 3

what are characteristics of the obesogenic diet

Answer 3

• high energy intake
• high fat intake
• high sugar sweetened beverages
• high fast foods

Question 4

what are the diets that put you at risk of diabetes

Answer 4

atherogenic diet and obesogenic diet

Question 5

what are the reasons to support the body weight statement from the ministry of health

Answer 5

those of healthy weight are more likely to stay active

lower risk of developing T2DM, heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, sleep apnoea, fertility problems, stroke

Question 6

excess body weight is associated with…

Answer 6

insulin resistance, altered glucose metabolism, hyperlipidema, hypertension, hormone imbalance, and pressure on joints

Question 7

what is the equation for BMI

Answer 7

weight in kg / height in metres ^2

Question 8

what is overweight BMI in adults

Answer 8

25.0 - 29.9

Question 9

what is underweight BMI in adults

Answer 9

<18.5

Question 10

what is normal weight BMI in adults

Answer 10

18.5 - 24.9

Question 11

what is obesity class 1 in adults

Answer 11

30 - 34.9

Question 12

what is obesity class 2 in adults

Answer 12

35.0 - 39.9

Question 13

what is obesity class 3 in adults

Answer 13

40 >

Question 14

are BMI cut offs the same in all countries

Answer 14

no, some countries for example Asia have different cut offs for what they consider obese etc

Question 15

what are the strengths of BMI

Answer 15

• easy to use
• non invasive
• standardised cut off points for classifying underweight, overweight and obesity
• strongly correlated with body fat levels (using DEXA or MRI) : BMI doesn’t directly measure tho
• an accurate predictor of morbidity and mortality associated with obesity

Question 16

what are the limitations to BMI

Answer 16

• is a measure of excess weight rather than excess fat
• does not provide proportions of fat and fat free mass
• poor indication of fat distribution and central adiposity
• age, sex, ethnicity and lean mass influence the relationship between BMI and body fat which are not accounted for in the BMI calcualtion

Question 17

what is the prevalence of obesity among NZ adults

Answer 17

32.5%

Question 18

of adults, which subgroup (age) has the highest prevalence of obesity

Answer 18

55-64 (over 40% in this subgroup)

Question 19

what is the prevalence of overweight and obesity among NZ adults

Answer 19

65.5%

Question 20

weight and BMI gradually increase during adult life, they peak around and decline after

Answer 20

peak between 50-59 years

decline after the age of 60

Question 21

what are the main functions of adipose tissue

Answer 21

contributes to thermal insulation

fills space between structures / protects

largest repository of energy in the body

production of cytokines

Question 22

what is meant by adipose tissue fills space between structures / protects

Answer 22

between organs

aids fit of heart valves

pads on heels and palms

Question 23

triglycerides provide what amount of energy

Answer 23

37kJ/g

Question 24

what cytokines are produced by adipose tissue

Answer 24

• cell signalling proteins
• anti or pro-inflammatory
• adiponectin : involved in regulation of glucose levels ad fatty acid breakdown
• leptin production

Question 25

why is adipose tissue linked to inflammation

Answer 25

produces pro-inflammatory molecules, so can increase inflammation and lead to increased risk of chronic disease

Question 26

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by assessing ….

Answer 26

assess you own attitudes and beliefs regarding obesity and consider how they might impact on how you practice nutrition

Question 27

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by recognising that ….

Answer 27

internalised weight bias (bias towards one self) can effect behaviour and health outcomes

Question 28

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by avoiding using ….

Answer 28

judgemental words, images, and practices when working with individuals living with obesity

Question 29

we can reduce weight bias in the management of obesity by avoiding making ….

Answer 29

assumptions that an illness or complaint a patient presents with is related to their body weight

Question 30

what is people first language

Answer 30

saying someone has diabetes instead of saying they are diabetic

saying someones has obesity instead of saying they are obese

Question 31

what is the Edmonton obesity staging system

Answer 31

obesity staging system

Question 32

literature has a heavy focus on interventions for “weight loss”, however there is a recent shift away from this towards a more what approach

Answer 32

focus on healthy habits and quality of life not weight loss

Question 33

what is the WHO acceleration plan to stop obesity

Answer 33

international intervention, including many countries that each country choses an aspect that they can work on to improve the rates of obesity in their country