Lecture 22 - Adult Body Weight and Obesity Flashcards
what are the characteristics of the carcinogenic diet
- low fruits and vegetables
- low antioxidants
- low fibre
- high fat intake
- alcohol
what are the characteristics of the atherogenic diet (heart disease)
- high saturated fat intake
- high tans fatty acids
- low fruits and vegetables
- low antioxidants
- low fibre
what are characteristics of the obesogenic diet
- high energy intake
- high fat intake
- high sugar sweetened beverages
- high fast foods
what are the diets that put you at risk of diabetes
atherogenic diet and obesogenic diet
what are the reasons to support the body weight statement from the ministry of health
those of healthy weight are more likely to stay active
lower risk of developing T2DM, heart disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, sleep apnoea, fertility problems, stroke
excess body weight is associated with…
insulin resistance, altered glucose metabolism, hyperlipidema, hypertension, hormone imbalance, and pressure on joints
what is the equation for BMI
weight in kg / height in metres ^2
what is overweight BMI in adults
25.0 - 29.9
what is underweight BMI in adults
<18.5
what is normal weight BMI in adults
18.5 - 24.9
what is obesity class 1 in adults
30 - 34.9
what is obesity class 2 in adults
35.0 - 39.9
what is obesity class 3 in adults
40 >
are BMI cut offs the same in all countries
no, some countries for example Asia have different cut offs for what they consider obese etc
what are the strengths of BMI
- easy to use
- non invasive
- standardised cut off points for classifying underweight, overweight and obesity
- strongly correlated with body fat levels (using DEXA or MRI) : BMI doesn’t directly measure tho
- an accurate predictor of morbidity and mortality associated with obesity
what are the limitations to BMI
- is a measure of excess weight rather than excess fat
- does not provide proportions of fat and fat free mass
- poor indication of fat distribution and central adiposity
- age, sex, ethnicity and lean mass influence the relationship between BMI and body fat which are not accounted for in the BMI calcualtion
what is the prevalence of obesity among NZ adults
32.5%
of adults, which subgroup (age) has the highest prevalence of obesity
55-64 (over 40% in this subgroup)
what is the prevalence of overweight and obesity among NZ adults
65.5%
weight and BMI gradually increase during adult life, they peak around and decline after
peak between 50-59 years
decline after the age of 60
what are the main functions of adipose tissue
contributes to thermal insulation
fills space between structures / protects
largest repository of energy in the body
production of cytokines
what is meant by adipose tissue fills space between structures / protects
between organs
aids fit of heart valves
pads on heels and palms
triglycerides provide what amount of energy
37kJ/g
what cytokines are produced by adipose tissue
- cell signalling proteins
- anti or pro-inflammatory
- adiponectin : involved in regulation of glucose levels ad fatty acid breakdown
- leptin production
