Lecture 25 - Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity

Question 1

what is sarcopenia

Answer 1

the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with aging

Question 2

what happens to the size and length of muscle fibres when you age

Answer 2

they decrease

Question 3

what type of muscle fibre is lost a lot with aging

Answer 3

type 2 muscle fibre

Question 4

there is increased resistance to what with aging

Answer 4

resistance to anabolic signals from exercise and protein

Question 5

what happens to energy release during aging

Answer 5

lower free energy released during ATP hydrolysis

Question 6

what happens to mitochondria during aging

Answer 6

decrease in mitochondrial muscle mass

Question 7

what is the % of muscle cross sectional area loss between the 2nd and 7th decade of life

Answer 7

25% loss of muscle cross sectional area

Question 8

what % of muscle cross sectional area is intramuscular fat

Answer 8

15% of muscle cross sectional area is intramuscular fat

Question 9

what % of loss of muscle strength per annum

Answer 9

2-4% loss of muscle strength per annum

Question 10

what are the three main effects to performance from sarcopenia

Answer 10

decreased strength

decreased power

decreased muscular endurance

Question 11

what are the effects of decreased strength, power and muscular endurance from sarcopenia

Answer 11

increased difficulty with weight bearing tasks

increased risk of falls and fractures

increased fatiguability

Question 12

what are methods of determining if someone is sarcopenic, obese, normal or sarcopenic obese

Answer 12

using cut offs

Question 13

what is the issue with using BMI alone and trying to determine if someone is sarcopenic/sarcopenic obese

Answer 13

BMI / weight can be very similar due to the redistribution of fat and muscle in elderly

Question 14

what is the SARC-F

Answer 14

a simple sarcopenia questionnaire, to see if someone is at risk

Question 15

what was found to be effective at lessening the weight loss induced loss of muscle and hip bone mineral

Answer 15

combined aerobic and resistance exercise, but not aerobic exercise alone

Question 16

in obese sarcopenic patients, weight loss should be combined with what

Answer 16

aerobic and resistance exercise

Question 17

weight loss should be combined with aerobic and resistance exercise to optimally improve what

Answer 17

optimally improve physical function and protect against bone and muscle loss during weight loss therapy in frail obese older adults

Question 18

what is more effective in reversing and possibly slowing the onset of sarcopenia

Answer 18

resistance exercise

Question 19

people with sarcopenia are difficult to identify with what

Answer 19

difficult to identify using clinical measures such as BMI

Question 20

what is worse in people with sarcopenic obesity compared to people with obesity or sarcopenia

Answer 20

physical function is worse

Question 21

older adults respond to and tolerate what exercise, but what is important with this

Answer 21

moderately to intense exercise, slow progression is essential