Lecture 16 - Child Nutrition Flashcards
snacks and school age children ?
snacks contribute significantly to daily energy intake and are needed to meet nutritional requirements
what develops in school age children
food preference develops, appetite and satiety
how does media influence school age children
children want to try foods they see advertised
what occurs with school age children in terms of body image and excessive dieting
can occur from a young age
complex and numerous contributing factors
childhood eating behaviours influence
nutritional status
preferences of parents influence childs
likes and dislikes
eating together as a family should be
encouraged
peer influence becomes what at school age
becomes greater as the childs world expands beyond the family
what are the parental food habits that influence children’s eating behaviours
- food availability : only nutritious foods in the house
- family meals : increases consumption of nutritious foods (aim for 3 or more shared meals per week)
- portion size : children learn to gauge appropriate portion size by observing parents
what are the feeding strategies that influence childrens eating behaviours
- pressure to eat : results in higher avoidance and lower consumption of core foods
- division of responsibility : continued self regulation skills
- positive food talk : focusing on nutritional benefits
what are the external factors affecting dietary choices of children
- family income (availability)
- education (nutrition knowledge)
- housing (appropriate equipment to prepare food)
- culture (food preferences)
- food marketing (promotion)
what is the advertising standard authority
industry funded body that develops voluntary codes of practice and hears complaints
there are strong links between food marketing and
childhood obesity
how can the food industry help reduce childhood obesity
reduce fat, sugar and salt content of processed foods
ensure that nutritious choices are available and affordable to customers
practice responsible marketing, especially those aimed at children and teenagers
for every dollar WHO spends on NCD prevention, the food industry spends about …
$500 promoting processed food
children often have erratic appetite throughout the day, but
daily intake is relatively constant
monitoring both linear growth and BMI are good
indicators that children are meeting their energy needs
iron is essential for
- transportation and storage of oxygen
- support healthy growth and brain development
iron intake recommendation is highest in
adolescent girls
what is the RDI for iron ages 4-8
10mg/day
what is the RDI for boys and girls aged 9-13
8mg/day
what is the RDI for boys and girls aged14-18 years
boys = 11mg/day
girls = 15mg/day
iron deficiency negatively impacts
behaviour and intellectual performance
iron supply is influenced by the
amount and type of iron in food, as well as enhancers and inhibitors of iron bioavailability
calcium is essential for
- growth and maintenance of strong bones
- healthy nerve and muscle function
- blood clotting
what is the RDI for calcium in 9-11 years
1000mg/day
what is the RDI for calcium 12-18 years
1300mg/day
ideally children accumulate stores of
nutrients prior to adolescence
what is the recommendation of sugar sweetened beverages
consume less than once per week in small quantities (one glass or less), with food rather than between meals
what is said about sports drinks and children + young people
sports drinks are not necessary
are smaller exposures bad or good in terms of sugar sweetened beverages and children
smaller exposures may be better than a complete ban as this may lead them to wanting them even more
good oral health has become
a luxury
dental caries are a top
non communicable disease in NZ children
by age 5, 1 in 5
non moari / non pacific children have experienced tooth decay
bye age 5, 3 out of 5
moari kids have experienced tooth decay
by aged 5, 7 out of 10
pacific kids have experienced tooth decay
oral health profession is under resourced and under
represented by maori and pacific dental professionals
child poverty leads to
- less access to health food and educational resources
- poorer housing
- fewer opportunities for structured physical activity
what is household food insecurity
inadequate access to food due to lack of money
what is food security
is access by all people at all time to enough food for an active and healthy life
and includes availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods and ability to acquire foods in socially acceptable ways
who is at risk of food insecurity in New Zealand
- those in the most deprived neighbourhoods
- in households with lower gross income or had a primary caregiver on the benefit
- those living in rental properties
- moari and pacific ethnicity
- living with a solo parent
- living with two or more children in the household
how many key food and nutrition guideline statements are there
9
what are the 9 key food and nutrition guideline statements
- eat a variety of foods from the four food groups, each day
- eat enough for activity, growth and to maintain a healthy body size
- prepare foods or choose pre-prepared foods, snacks and drinks that are low in fat, sugar and salt
- drink plenty of water during the day, include reduced or low fat milk everyday
- alcohol is not recommended for children or young people
- eat meals with family or whanau as often as possible
- encourage children and young people to be involved in shopping, growing and cooking
- purchase, prepare, cook and store food in ways to ensure food safety
- be physically active
how many serves of fruit and vegetables do children need aged 2-3
fruit = 1
vegetables = 2.5
how many serves of fruit and vegetables do children need aged 4-8
fruit = 1.5
vegetables = 4.5
how many serves of fruit and vegetables do children need aged 9-11
fruit = 2
vegetables = 5
how many serves of fruit and vegetables do children need aged 12-13
fruit = 2
vegetables = boys 5.5, girls 5
how many serves of breads and cereals do children aged 2-3 need
4
how many serves of breads and cereals do children aged 4-8 need
4
how many serves of breads and cereals do children aged 9-11 need (boys and girls)
girls = 4
boys = 5
how many serves of breads and cereals do children aged 12-13 need (boys and girls)
girls = 5
boys = 6
how many serves of milk and milk products do children aged 2-3 need
1.5
how many serves of milk and milk products do children aged 4-8 need (boys and girls)
girls = 1.5
boys = 2
how many serves of milk and milk products do children aged 9-11 need (boys and girls)
girls = 3
boys = 2.5
how many serves of milk and milk products do children aged 12-13 need
3.5
how many serves of lean meats / legumes do children aged 2-3 need
1
how many serves of lean meats / legumes do children aged 4-8 need
1.5
how many serves of lean meats / legumes do children aged 9-11 need
2.5
how many serves of lean meats / legumes do children aged 12-13 need
2.5
