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HUNT 243 > Lecture 23 - Older Adult Nutrition Part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 - Older Adult Nutrition Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is said about the age status of our population

A

we have an aging population

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2
Q

what is happening to the life expectancy in New Zealand

A

increasing

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3
Q

what is the average life expectancy of males and females

A

males = 80 years

females = 83.5 years

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4
Q

human life expectancy is rising but lifespan remains stable at around the age of

A

110-120

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5
Q

despite the prevalence of chronic diseases that accompanies older age, what % of people aged 75 an older consider themselves to be in good, very good or even excellent health

A

72%

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6
Q

what is chronological age

A

age since birth

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7
Q

functional age reflects what and is highly

A

reflects the decline in function that occurs with time and is highly variable

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8
Q

what is the key focus to age in older adults

A

improving quality of life - adding life to years rather than simply more years to life

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9
Q

what is the third age in elderly years

A

the age between retirement age and age related physical, emotional and cognitive limitations

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10
Q

in the third age elderly are retired but

A

healthy and active

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11
Q

during the third age elderly have more time to

A

increase physical activity and give more attention to diet and healthy lifestyle

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12
Q

what is the fourth age in elderly

A

declines in general health, loss of weight

impaired nutrition / malnutrition

serious disease or fast aging

hospital or rest home care

reliance on assisted living services

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13
Q

longevity is what % genetics, healthcare, environmental and lifestyle

A

19% genetics

10% healthcare

20% environment

51% lifestyle

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14
Q

what has the biggest impact on nutritional status in elderly

A

changes to musculoskeletal system has the biggest

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15
Q

lean body mass decreases what % after the age of 50

A

1 - 2 %

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16
Q

when does lean body mass reduction accelerate

A

accelerates further after the age of 80

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17
Q

what is the decline of lean body mass in men like compared to women

A

men = gradual decline

women = sudden drop after menopause

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18
Q

physical activity can mitigate losses of what

A

lean body mass losses

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19
Q

in elderly, bone mineral and collagen matrix are removed more rapidly than what, which leads to what

A

more rapidly than they are replaced

leads to increased risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures

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20
Q

what is another change to body composition in elderly years

A

body fat increases

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21
Q

higher body weight (BMI 24-30.9) is considered what in elderly

A

protective, less of an issue about being in the “overweight” category

22
Q

how is BMI different in elderly

A

the BMI category that is overweight is not as much as a concern

23
Q

inadequate protein intake can contribute to what in elderly

A

to muscle wasting (sarcopenia), weak bones, weakened immune system and delayed wound healing

24
Q

what is the protein RDI for women (51-70, >70)

A

51-70 : 46g/day

> 70 : 57g/day

25
Q

what is the protein RDI for men (51-70, >70)

A

51-70 : 64 g/day

> 70 : 81 g/day

26
Q
A
27
Q

what are the factors involved with higher protein needs in older adults

A
  • anabolic resistance
  • low postprandial amino acid availability
  • decreased muscle perfusion
  • sarcopenia
  • disease related protein catabolism
28
Q

what are the factors involved in lower protein intake in older adults

A
  • genetic predisposition
  • physiological changes
  • medical changes
  • physical disability and mental disorders
  • socioeconomic conditions
29
Q

optimal intake of at least …….. protein is recommended in older adults, individual needs depend upon the severity of malnutrition risk

A

at least 1 to 1.5 g protein/kg BW/day

30
Q

in older adults regular exercise helps

A

maintain skeletal muscle strength and function in older adults

31
Q

in older adults, resistance training has

A

limited but positive effect on recovery of muscle in older people

32
Q

what is the recommendation for healthy muscle aging

A

a combination of resistance training and adequate dietary / amino acids intake for healthy muscle aging is recommended

33
Q

firstly it is important that older adults are getting enough protein, they may also see benefit from …

A

distributing their protein intake across all meals of the day

34
Q

what meal in elderly is most commonly low in protein

A

breakfast

35
Q

how is the gastrointestinal system affecting in elderly which influences nutrition

A
  • decreased saliva secretion
  • difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • decreased secretion of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes
  • decreased vitamin B12 absorption
  • decreased peristalsis
36
Q

altered GI mobility in elderly can result in

A

constipation or diarrhoea

37
Q

why is there slower intestinal mobility in elderly people

A

intestinal wall losses strength and elasticity and hormonal secretions change

38
Q

what is atrophic gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach lining

atrophy of the stomach mucosa resulting in reduced gastric acid, intrinsic factor (IF) and pepsin

39
Q

what needs intrinsic factor to be absorbed into the small intestine

A

vitamin B12

40
Q

atrophic gastritis can lead to what

A

can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency ( can take up to 3-6 years of poor absorption)

41
Q

some medications in elderly can also reduce

A

stomach mobility (for example metformin)

42
Q

what other things can affect stomach acidity in older adults

A

partial stomach removal or bacterial infection

43
Q

what are the changes to the nervous system in older adults that influences nutrition

A
  • blunted appetite regulation
  • blunted thirst regulation
  • declining number of olfactory receptors, blood flow to nasal smell organ and increased thickness of nasal mucus
  • reduced nerve conduction velocity, affecting sense of smell, taste, touch, cognition
  • changed sleep at the wake cycle becomes shorter
44
Q

how many older adults have difficulty tasting one or more of the 4 common tastes (and what are they)

A

1/4 adults

bitter, salty, sweet or sour

45
Q

what is polypharamcy

A

use of multiple medications

46
Q

what are the two ways of getting medications

A

prescription medications (medicines ordered by a health professional)

over the counter medication

47
Q

what is the concern with polypharamcy and older adults

A

concern when they are taking multiple medications, who is monitoring what they are taking

48
Q

how many older adults are exposed to poly pharmacy approx

A

more than half

49
Q

older adults taking multiple medications tend to be

A
  • frail
  • experience greater weight loss
  • weakness
  • low activity
50
Q

medications may require dietary restrictions and can interfere with

A
  • appetite
  • digestion
  • metabolism
  • alterness
51
Q

what are the consequences of polypharamacy

A
  • drug - drug interactions increases
  • adverse drug interactions
  • adherence to medications declines
  • may increase renal impairment

HUNT 243 (30 decks)

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