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HUNT 243 > Lecture 9 - Infant Formula > Flashcards

Lecture 9 - Infant Formula Flashcards

1
Q

what is the infant formula recommendation

A

if an infant is not breastfed, then an infant formula should be used until the infant is one year of age

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2
Q

what are the three types of infant formula on the shelves

A

infant formula

follow on formula

infant formula products for special dietary use

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3
Q

who is infant formula suitable for

A

infants 0 - <12 months

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4
Q

who is follow on formula suitable for

A

infants 6 - <12 months

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5
Q

in New Zealand infant formula is regulated under …

A

under standard 2.9.1 - Infant Formula Products and Schedule 29 - Special Purpose Foods in the Australian New Zealand Food Standards Code

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6
Q

Standard 2.9.1 specifies the mandatory …..

A

nutrient content for infant formula and follow on formula to ensure that the nutrition requirements of infants aged up to 12 months are met

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7
Q

standard 2.9.1 includes labelling requirements …..

A

for infant formula products and specifically prohibits some types of claims, images and symbols

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8
Q

what is the purpose of the proposal P1028

A

to ensure infant formula remains safe, suitable and takes account of current science, market developments and the international regulatory context

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9
Q

the proposal P1028 is a revision of what and when is the transition period

A

revision of 5 standards and 8 schedules, transition period of 5 years

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10
Q

what are the key amendments of the P1028 proposal

A
  • prohibiting cross contamination of other similar products on infant formula product labels
  • mandating NIP to better assist caregivers in informed choice
  • restriction on the sale of special medical purpose products, to ensure appropriate access and use
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11
Q

majority of infant formula health claims are …..

A

poorly supported

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12
Q

the Paleo DIY infant formula recipe was made from

A

liver, cod liver oil, bone broth and had no assurance for the safety, nutritional quality or appropriateness for infants

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13
Q

what was the concerns with the Paleo DIY infant formula recipe

A

infants have immature GI tracts

the upper limits for vitamin A, high in sodium, protein and iron

also microbiological risks

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14
Q

what did Pete Evens release in 2015

A

DIY infant formula

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15
Q

what did Chelsea Winter release in 2020

A

she called it an alternative dairy free formula, which was then changed to toddler milk as it was not appropriate for infants

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16
Q

what breast milk alternatives are not recommended for infants <12 months

A
  • cows milk in replace of BM or formula
  • plant based milk in replace of BM or formula
  • evaporated milk
  • condensed milk
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17
Q

what are the two types of protein in infant formula

A

casein and whey

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18
Q

which protein is digested more quickly and why is the other one slower

A

whey is quickly digested whereas casein forms curds that are more slowly digested, resulting in slower gastric emptying

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19
Q

what is the casein : whey ratio of breast milk

A

40 : 60

20
Q

what is the casein : whey ratio of whey dominant formula

A

40 : 60

21
Q

what is the casein : whey ratio of casein dominant formula

A

80 : 20

22
Q

what is the dominant whey protein in breast milk

A

alpha-lactoalbumin (low levels in formula)

23
Q

what is the dominant casein in breastmilk

A

beta-casein (same as goats milk)

24
Q

what is the dominant whey protein in formula

A

beta-lactoglobulin (not found in breast milk)

25
Q

what is the dominant casein in cows milk formula

A

alpha casein

26
Q

soy formulas contain no …

A

no cows milk, whey and casein

27
Q

what is the protein in soy based formulas

A

soy protein isolate

28
Q

soy protein isolate is highly digestable protein with high amounts of essential amino acids, it is supplemented with ….

A

supplemented with methionine, taurine and carnitine

29
Q

soy based formula is recommended for infants aged :

A

> 6 months

30
Q

protein content in breast milk vs formula

A

1.5g/100kcal breast milk

2.2g/100kcal formula

31
Q

what is the difference in weight gain for formula fed and breastmilk fed infants

A

formula fed tend to have greater weight gain faster than breastfed infants

32
Q

lactose intolerance is very …. in infants

A

lactose intolerance is very rare in infants

33
Q

how common and what are the symptoms of primary lactase enzyme deficiency

A

it is uncommon before 2-3 years of age

symptoms : diarrhoea, cramps, bloating, vomiting and gas

34
Q

how common is secondary lactase enzyme deficiency

A

more common than primary lactase enzyme deficiency

35
Q

lactose free formulas generally contain what rather than lactose

A

corn-syrup solids rather than lactose

36
Q

the ratio of PUFA to saturated fat in milk affects …… and facilitates ….

A

the ratio of PUFA to saturated fat in milk affects digestibility and facilitates absorption of calcium and fat from the gut

37
Q

In NZ infant formula must contain (fats)

A

linoleic and alphalinoleic acid within a specific ratio and range

38
Q

what are added to formulas at a cost to the consumer (premium formula or “gold”)

A

LCPUFAs

39
Q

what are trans fatty acids

A

manufactured fats created during a process called hydrogenation, which is aimed at stabilising polyunsaturated oils to prevent them from becoming rancid and to keep them solid at room temperature

40
Q

main sources of fat in formula

A

vegetable oils, including corn, soy, safflower and coconut oil

41
Q

what are other optional substances that can be added to infant formula

A
  • prebiotics
  • probiotics
  • choline
  • L-carnitine
  • inositol
  • nucleotides
  • lactoferrin
  • lutein
  • taurine
42
Q

organic infant formula should not contain

A

processed refined sugars

palm oil

DHA and ARA

carrageenan

synthetic preservatives

synthetic nutrients

43
Q

in 2020 what was the revenue generated from infant formula exports and what is it expected to rise to in 2025

A

1.8 billion, expected to rise to 2.7 billion

44
Q

what is melamine

A

organic base chemical most commonly found in the form of white crystals rich in nitrogen

45
Q

why is malamine added to milk powder

A

to increase the volume

46
Q

what can formula be contaminated with

A

malamine and other things

HUNT 243 (30 decks)

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