Lecture 18 - Sleep, Nutrition and Wellbeing for our Children Flashcards
why is sleep important for adults
- improves mood
- decision making
- relationships
- productivity
- safer when driving a car
- better academic results
- better mental health
- better immune system
why is sleep important for children
- less tantrums
- listening better
- concentrate at school
- more energy for activities
- more patience
- happier
- less battles at bedtime
- growth and development
what are things that drive you to sleep
- adenosine
- circadian rhythms
- melatonin
what is adenosine
a neurotransmitter that promotes sleep drive or a persons need to sleep
what is believed to be prolonged by adenosine
deep sleep or slow wave sleep is believed to be prolonged by adenosine
what are circadian rhythms
24 hour cycles that are part of the body’s internal clock, running in the background to carry out essential functions and processes
what is melatonin
a hormone that regulates the sleep wake cycle
sleep disorders are often the focus for health, but ….
does the absence of a sleep disorder really mean that you have healthy sleep ?
what are some sleep disorders
- sleep apnoea
- insomnia
- narcolepsy
- restless legs syndrome
what is sleep apnoea and what does it increase risk for
airway is blocked, can increase risk of type 2 diabetes
what is sleep health
multidimensional pattern of sleep-wakefulness adapted to individual, social and environmental demands that promotes physical and mental wellbeing
good sleep health is characterised by
by subjective satisfaction, appropriate timing, adequate duration, high efficiency and sustained alertness during waking hours
what is sleep duration
the quantity or amount of time that a person sleeps
sleep duration may be measured…
for just one sleep period (e.g overnight) or over the course of a 24 hour day
what is sleep quality
how well a person sleeps
sleep quality is often measured through ….. but can
a persons satisfaction with their sleep but can include other quantitative measures too (how long it takes to fall asleep, whether they were able to stay asleep, parent reports of awakenings)
a cochran review on dietary interventions compared to control for preventing obesity in children aged 6-12 found
high certainty of evidence by dietary interventions alone do not seem to reduce BMI z score
the POI study brief sleep intervention in infancy had what outcomes in obesity
after 2 and 5 years, children that received sleep intervention had reduced risk of obesity compared to those who had not
it has been found that short sleep duration …
increases risk of obesity across age groups
what was the study design of the DREAM study
randomised control trial : a within subject cross over design
what did they do in the dream study
intervention at weeks 3 and 5
- will swap each week, one week is sleep restriction one is sleep extension (1 hour earlier and 1 later)
what happened during each intervention week of the DREAM study
- questionnaire on eating behaviour and wellbeing
- 24 hour diet recalls and a feeding experiment
- wear a camera for two days (to see screen time and foods)
- measured physical activity and sleep using accelerometers (worn for 24 hrs a day)
what was the primary aim of the DREAM study
to determine whether mild sleep deprivation increases eating in the absence of hunger
what was the issue with the eating in the absence of hunger experiment in the DREAM study
in week 5, the second time they did this experiment they worked out if they ate less in the first round they could eat more of the sweets in the second round
instead of cross overdesign, what was used to show the effect of sleeo deprivation on EAH in DREAM study
parallel analysis
what was the secondary analysis of the dream study
to determine whether mild sleep deprivation influences dietary intake and eating behaviour
dietary intake in the DREAM study was measured by
4 x 24 hr recalls
what was found in the per protocol analysis group of dream study : energy and macronutrient intake
sleep deprivation consumed more, same with the total group but per protocol analysis had all positive 95% confidence intervals
what were key eating behaviours that changed with sleep restriction
increased emotional over and underrating, and slightly food fussiness
in the where does time go when children dont study, the 48.8 minutes of sleep was reallocated to
- 22 minutes sedentary behaviour
- 19 minutes light physical activity
- 2.8 minutes to moderate to vigorous physical activity
what was found about sleep loss dietary intake in children, with kids who re-allocated their time to sedentary behaviour
consumed more energy from non-core foods
what was found about sleep loss dietary intake in children, with kids who re-allocated their time to moderate or vigorous physical activity
consumed more energy from core foods
do children appear to decrease their physical activity when they are tired
they dont appear to
sleep deprivation seemed to
decrease childs health related quality of life
diet appears to partly explain
the relationship between sleep and obesity
what are the limitations to the DREAM study
- mainly Nz european, low level of deprivation
- short teem
- diet recalls :subject to under and overreporting
- some measurements were subjective
