Lecture 18 - Sleep, Nutrition and Wellbeing for our Children

Question 1

why is sleep important for adults

Answer 1

• improves mood
• decision making
• relationships
• productivity
• safer when driving a car
• better academic results
• better mental health
• better immune system

Question 2

why is sleep important for children

Answer 2

• less tantrums
• listening better
• concentrate at school
• more energy for activities
• more patience
• happier
• less battles at bedtime
• growth and development

Question 3

what are things that drive you to sleep

Answer 3

• adenosine
• circadian rhythms
• melatonin

Question 4

what is adenosine

Answer 4

a neurotransmitter that promotes sleep drive or a persons need to sleep

Question 5

what is believed to be prolonged by adenosine

Answer 5

deep sleep or slow wave sleep is believed to be prolonged by adenosine

Question 6

what are circadian rhythms

Answer 6

24 hour cycles that are part of the body’s internal clock, running in the background to carry out essential functions and processes

Question 7

what is melatonin

Answer 7

a hormone that regulates the sleep wake cycle

Question 8

sleep disorders are often the focus for health, but ….

Answer 8

does the absence of a sleep disorder really mean that you have healthy sleep ?

Question 9

what are some sleep disorders

Answer 9

• sleep apnoea
• insomnia
• narcolepsy
• restless legs syndrome

Question 10

what is sleep apnoea and what does it increase risk for

Answer 10

airway is blocked, can increase risk of type 2 diabetes

Question 11

what is sleep health

Answer 11

multidimensional pattern of sleep-wakefulness adapted to individual, social and environmental demands that promotes physical and mental wellbeing

Question 12

good sleep health is characterised by

Answer 12

by subjective satisfaction, appropriate timing, adequate duration, high efficiency and sustained alertness during waking hours

Question 13

what is sleep duration

Answer 13

the quantity or amount of time that a person sleeps

Question 14

sleep duration may be measured…

Answer 14

for just one sleep period (e.g overnight) or over the course of a 24 hour day

Question 15

what is sleep quality

Answer 15

how well a person sleeps

Question 16

sleep quality is often measured through ….. but can

Answer 16

a persons satisfaction with their sleep but can include other quantitative measures too (how long it takes to fall asleep, whether they were able to stay asleep, parent reports of awakenings)

Question 17

a cochran review on dietary interventions compared to control for preventing obesity in children aged 6-12 found

Answer 17

high certainty of evidence by dietary interventions alone do not seem to reduce BMI z score

Question 18

the POI study brief sleep intervention in infancy had what outcomes in obesity

Answer 18

after 2 and 5 years, children that received sleep intervention had reduced risk of obesity compared to those who had not

Question 19

it has been found that short sleep duration …

Answer 19

increases risk of obesity across age groups

Question 20

what was the study design of the DREAM study

Answer 20

randomised control trial : a within subject cross over design

Question 21

what did they do in the dream study

Answer 21

intervention at weeks 3 and 5

• will swap each week, one week is sleep restriction one is sleep extension (1 hour earlier and 1 later)

Question 22

what happened during each intervention week of the DREAM study

Answer 22

• questionnaire on eating behaviour and wellbeing
• 24 hour diet recalls and a feeding experiment
• wear a camera for two days (to see screen time and foods)
• measured physical activity and sleep using accelerometers (worn for 24 hrs a day)

Question 23

what was the primary aim of the DREAM study

Answer 23

to determine whether mild sleep deprivation increases eating in the absence of hunger

Question 24

what was the issue with the eating in the absence of hunger experiment in the DREAM study

Answer 24

in week 5, the second time they did this experiment they worked out if they ate less in the first round they could eat more of the sweets in the second round

Question 25

instead of cross overdesign, what was used to show the effect of sleeo deprivation on EAH in DREAM study

Answer 25

parallel analysis

Question 26

what was the secondary analysis of the dream study

Answer 26

to determine whether mild sleep deprivation influences dietary intake and eating behaviour

Question 27

dietary intake in the DREAM study was measured by

Answer 27

4 x 24 hr recalls

Question 28

what was found in the per protocol analysis group of dream study : energy and macronutrient intake

Answer 28

sleep deprivation consumed more, same with the total group but per protocol analysis had all positive 95% confidence intervals

Question 29

what were key eating behaviours that changed with sleep restriction

Answer 29

increased emotional over and underrating, and slightly food fussiness

Question 30

in the where does time go when children dont study, the 48.8 minutes of sleep was reallocated to

Answer 30

• 22 minutes sedentary behaviour
• 19 minutes light physical activity
• 2.8 minutes to moderate to vigorous physical activity

Question 31

what was found about sleep loss dietary intake in children, with kids who re-allocated their time to sedentary behaviour

Answer 31

consumed more energy from non-core foods

Question 32

what was found about sleep loss dietary intake in children, with kids who re-allocated their time to moderate or vigorous physical activity

Answer 32

consumed more energy from core foods

Question 33

do children appear to decrease their physical activity when they are tired

Answer 33

they dont appear to

Question 34

sleep deprivation seemed to

Answer 34

decrease childs health related quality of life

Question 35

diet appears to partly explain

Answer 35

the relationship between sleep and obesity

Question 36

what are the limitations to the DREAM study

Answer 36

• mainly Nz european, low level of deprivation
• short teem
• diet recalls :subject to under and overreporting
• some measurements were subjective