Lecture 11 - Infant and Child Growth Flashcards
how does muscle control and coordination develop in children
top down and centrally to peripherally
Critical or sensitive time periods or windows of development occur where
certain skills must be learned in order for subsequent learning to occur
all infants progress on …
their own timeline of development
the world health organisation recommends that infants should sit alone by what age
7 months
the world health organisation recommends that infants should stand holding furniture by what age
9 months
the world health organisation recommends that infants should stand alone by what age
14 months
the world health organisation recommends that infants should walk alone by what age
15 months
child growth assessment is important to determine whether a child is
growing “normally” or has a trend towards a growth concern that should be addressed
in child growth assessment weight is a good indicator of what
of acute changes in dietary intake
in child growth assessment height reflects
long term nutrition (better nutrition they will grow better standing height)
in child growth assessment head circumference reflects
brain growth
in child growth assessment BMI screens for
overnutrition or growth faltering
what are the two components of child growth assessment
- measure = weight, length / height, head circumference and BMI
- plot measurements of a childs body size on growth charts
clinical electronic scales are calibrated how often
every 6 months
what must be done when measuring children’s weight up to 2 years
remove clothing and nappy
what are the guidelines of measuring weight for children 2 years and above
minimal clothing, remove shoes, empty bladder and before a meal
weight in children is recorded to the nearest what
nearest 10g
what is an alternate method of measuring a childs weight when they are younger than 2 years
weigh mother and infant together and subtract the weight of the mother
what is used to measure length in children
a calibrated length board with fixed headpiece and moveable footpiece which is perpendicular to the surface of the table
how many people are needed to get an accurate length measurement of a child
two people
when measuring an infants length what must they be wearing
without shoes, and wearing light underclothing or diaper
how should an infant be positioned to have their length measured
- should be placed on their back in the centre of the board, lying flat against the surface.
- eyes should be looking up
- both legs should be fully extended and toes should be pointing upwards with feet flat against the foot piece
length in infants should be measured to the nearest (it is good practice to take how many measurements)
nearest 0.1cm
good practice to take 3 measurements
what is the change in terms of measuring a childs height at 2 years
at 2 years we measure their height standing up rather than their length
when should weight and length be measured in children
- in the first weeks of lide
- at routine cheeks
- when there is a concern about weight gain, growth or general health
how often should we measure weight and height in infants and why should we not doo this too often
- measuring too often can be misleading
- should be measured > 2 weeks apart after 6 months of age
how to measure head circumference
position the tape just above the eyebrow, above the ears and around the biggest part on the back of the head
what should be used to measure head circumference
use a flexible, non stretchable tape