Lecture 2 - Preconception Nutrition Flashcards
Studies show that maternal nutrition at the time of conception influences ……
placental development and function
what is the definition of preconception
“the period before (at least 2 years) and between consecutive pregnancies, to improve health related outcomes for women (regardless of their pregnancy status), newborns and children up to 5 years of age”
what is the definition of periconception
“the period preceding, including and immediately following human conception to improve health related outcomes for women, newborns and children up to 5 years of age”
what are the boundaries for preconception
divided into a proximal and distal period
what is the proximal boundary for preconception
period preceding pregnancy (up to 2 years prior to conception)
what is the distal boundary for preconception
adolescence or in general a longer time before pregnancy
what is the boundary for periconception
3 months before pregnancy - up to the first trimester
what is said about the first 1000 days of life (Nutrition during pregnancy and the two years of the child’s life)
key to brain development, healthy growth and a strong immune system
obesity is generally considered a BMI of :
> 30kg/m2
Obese women tend to have higher levels of what hormones than non obese
oestrogen, androgens and leptin than non obese
most obese men and women tend to be sub fertile, what does this mean
meaning they have difficulty in achieving pregnancy
Obesity in men is associated with lower levels of what hormones and increased of what
testosterone and increased oestrogen and leptin levels
Weight loss exceeding 10-15% decreases … and what are the consequences of this
estrogen, LH and FSH
consequences : amenorrhea, anovulatory cycles, short or absent luteal phases
Periconceptional micronutrient status of Iron deficiency anaemia is linked with
- low birth weight
- delayed development
- pre term birth
- infections
- postpartum haemorrhage
Periconceptional micronutrient status of folic acid can lead to
- neural tube defects
- congenital malformations
- Preeclampsia
recommendation for taking folic acid if planning a pregnancy
take 800mcg folic acid tablet daily at least 4 weeks before and 12 weeks after becoming pregnant
what are the requirements for fortification of foods with folic acid
- Non organic wheat flour for bread making
- No less than 2mg/kg, no more than 3mg/kg
- Includes imported flour
is gluten free bread fortified with folic acid
no, there is no gain to the fortification of bread with folic acid for those with a wheat allergy or coeliac disease
young mothers are more likely to have babies with what kind of birth weight
low birth weight as they are often still growing themselves
what is the world health organization recommendation for iodine and pregnant women
take a 150ug iodine tablet daily from the start of pregnancy up until you stop breastfeeding
what BMI is needed for triggering and sustaining reproductive hormones needed for fertility
> 20kg/m2
