Lecture 2 - Preconception Nutrition

Question 1

Studies show that maternal nutrition at the time of conception influences ……

Answer 1

placental development and function

Question 2

what is the definition of preconception

Answer 2

“the period before (at least 2 years) and between consecutive pregnancies, to improve health related outcomes for women (regardless of their pregnancy status), newborns and children up to 5 years of age”

Question 3

what is the definition of periconception

Answer 3

“the period preceding, including and immediately following human conception to improve health related outcomes for women, newborns and children up to 5 years of age”

Question 4

what are the boundaries for preconception

Answer 4

divided into a proximal and distal period

Question 5

what is the proximal boundary for preconception

Answer 5

period preceding pregnancy (up to 2 years prior to conception)

Question 6

what is the distal boundary for preconception

Answer 6

adolescence or in general a longer time before pregnancy

Question 7

what is the boundary for periconception

Answer 7

3 months before pregnancy - up to the first trimester

Question 8

what is said about the first 1000 days of life (Nutrition during pregnancy and the two years of the child’s life)

Answer 8

key to brain development, healthy growth and a strong immune system

Question 9

obesity is generally considered a BMI of :

Answer 9

> 30kg/m2

Question 10

Obese women tend to have higher levels of what hormones than non obese

Answer 10

oestrogen, androgens and leptin than non obese

Question 11

most obese men and women tend to be sub fertile, what does this mean

Answer 11

meaning they have difficulty in achieving pregnancy

Question 12

Obesity in men is associated with lower levels of what hormones and increased of what

Answer 12

testosterone and increased oestrogen and leptin levels

Question 13

Weight loss exceeding 10-15% decreases … and what are the consequences of this

Answer 13

estrogen, LH and FSH

consequences : amenorrhea, anovulatory cycles, short or absent luteal phases

Question 14

Periconceptional micronutrient status of Iron deficiency anaemia is linked with

Answer 14

• low birth weight
• delayed development
• pre term birth
• infections
• postpartum haemorrhage

Question 15

Periconceptional micronutrient status of folic acid can lead to

Answer 15

• neural tube defects
• congenital malformations
• Preeclampsia

Question 16

recommendation for taking folic acid if planning a pregnancy

Answer 16

take 800mcg folic acid tablet daily at least 4 weeks before and 12 weeks after becoming pregnant

Question 17

what are the requirements for fortification of foods with folic acid

Answer 17

• Non organic wheat flour for bread making
  • No less than 2mg/kg, no more than 3mg/kg
  • Includes imported flour

Question 18

is gluten free bread fortified with folic acid

Answer 18

no, there is no gain to the fortification of bread with folic acid for those with a wheat allergy or coeliac disease

Question 19

young mothers are more likely to have babies with what kind of birth weight

Answer 19

low birth weight as they are often still growing themselves

Question 20

what is the world health organization recommendation for iodine and pregnant women

Answer 20

take a 150ug iodine tablet daily from the start of pregnancy up until you stop breastfeeding

Question 21

what BMI is needed for triggering and sustaining reproductive hormones needed for fertility

Answer 21

> 20kg/m2