Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HUNT 243 > Lecture 10 - Complementary Feeding > Flashcards

Lecture 10 - Complementary Feeding Flashcards

1
Q

what is complementary feeding defined as

A

the process starting when breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet nutritional requirements, and therefore other foods and liquids are needed along with the breast milk or formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is another word for complementary feeding

A

weaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when is complementary feeding recommended

A

around 6 months of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what allows newborns to be ready to feed

A

they are born with reflexes that prepare them to feed

such as : rooting, mouthing, head turning, gagging, swallowing and coordinate breath and swallow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

baby must show all of these signs to be ready to start solids, what are they

A
  • baby is around 6 months of age
  • baby can hold their head up
  • baby sits when well supported
  • baby opens their mouth as food approaches
  • baby can keep food in their mouth and then swallow it, instead of pushing the food out
  • baby shows signs of biting and chewing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the risks of early introduction (<5 months) to complementary feeding

A

increased risk of :

  • eczema and food allergies
  • respiratory disease
  • gut infection
  • diarrhoea and dehydration
  • impaired iron absorption and iron deficiency
  • malnutrition due to decrease in milk energy and inadequate complementary foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the risks of late introduction of complementary feeding

A

increased risk :
- iron deficiency

  • feeding difficulties
  • growth faltering
  • other micronutrient deficiencies
  • development of food allergies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

on average the first teeth being to erupt when the baby is :

A

around 6 to 9 months old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the full set of 20 deciduous teeth has usually erupted into the mouth by what age

A

around 3 years of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

do infants need teeth to eat food

A

no they do not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the progression of texture of food for infants

A

pureed

mashed

chopped

family foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is recommended about moving through the texture of foods with infants

A

move through the stages quickly, if you stay on pureed food to long you could miss critical period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the texture and development stage of a head up baby (0-6months)

A

suck, swallow, extrusion reflex

  • move liquid only from front to back of mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the reflex and texture of food for a supported sitter baby (6-7 months)

A

being able to move the tongue from side to side without moving the head

  • smooth, running puree
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the texture of food like for an independent sitter (7-8 months)

A

thick puree, small soft lumps or mashed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the texture of food like for a crawler (8-12 months)

A

chew and swallow soft mashed, minced, grated, chopped foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the texture of food like for a infant beginning to walk (12-24 months)

A

family foods, maybe different shapes but similar to what the family eats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Prolonged use of purée foods (> 9 months) and introduction of lumpy foods later than 10 months is associated:

A
  • feeding difficulties (commonly refusal) in older children
  • low intake of nutrient rich foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is responsive feeding ( how should children be feed and what to do if they refuse)

A
  • sensitive to hunger and satiety cues
  • feed slowly and patiently encourage children to eat but do not force them
  • if child refuses food, experiment with different food combinations, tastes, textures and methods of encouragement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

signs a baby is hungry

A
  • opening mouth and turning head from side to side
  • fussing and leaning toward the breast or food
  • increasing physical movements that become agitated / excited
  • crying in a distressed intense way
  • asking for or pointing at foods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

signs a baby is full

A
  • pushing or arcing away, pushing food or plate away
  • turning head away or shaking head to communicate ‘no more’
  • spitting out food
  • using words like “all done” or “get down”
  • becoming distracted and more interested in what is going on around them
22
Q

what are the foods first recommendations

A

iron rich and then also vegetables and fruit

23
Q

what are good choices for iron rich first foods

A

cooked pureed meat, chicken and fish

baby rice cereal : iron fortified cereal mixed with water, breast milk or formula

cooked and mashed plant based proteins

24
Q

what are the conflicts on baby rice

A
  • some nutritionists do not recommend baby rice as it is processed
  • unsupported concerns on inadequate salivary amylase
  • unsupported concerns about high arsenic
25
Q

what are the unsupported concerns about inadequate salivary amylase

A

they were worried that the starch would cause GI concerns for the baby, however at 6 months babies have adult level functioning salivary amylase

26
Q

iron deficiency is prevalent in infancy is due to

A

high requirement - high growth rate

iron stores received in utero begin to run low

27
Q

what infants are most at risk of iron deficiency

A
  • low intake of “high iron” foods
  • low birth weight (<2,500g)
  • pre term infants because they do not gain those additional iron stores in the past couples weeks
  • low socioeconomic status / food insecure
28
Q

what are the consequences of iron deficiency for infants

A
  • altered intestinal function
  • impaired cognitive, social and socio-emotional development
29
Q

what are the consequences of iron deficiency anaemia for infants

A
  • fatigue / decreased activity
  • sustained IDA may be associated with irreversible and detrimental effects on intellectual and motor performance
30
Q

prevention of iron deficiency

A
  • food based (foods first) approach
  • unknown risk of iron supplementation for healthy young children
  • however, iron supplementation required for some infants
31
Q

what is the first foods approach (vegetables and fruit)

A
  • provide important nutrients : vitamins, minerals, fibre
  • fresh, washed in clean water, frozen or canned
32
Q

early childhood intakes of vegetables and fruit improves what

A

improves immunity, aids digestion, decreases risk of obesity

33
Q

what is repeated exposure of vegetables important for

A

important for acceptance from the infant as they are used to the sweetness of breastmilk and vegetables are often bitter tasting

34
Q

how many exposures to a food can it take for acceptance

A

8-15 exposures

35
Q

what are ways of exposing children to food

A

see, touch, smell, taste

  • providing the food in different forms may help with exposure
36
Q

what liquids should infants be ok to have

A

only breast milk, formula and water

37
Q

what are the guidelines with preparing foods for infants and why

A

do not add salt, soy sauce, sugar, honey or artificial sweeteners, they have very sensitive taste buds

38
Q

honey should be avoided for what age infants

A

< 12 months

39
Q

why should honey be avoided in infants

A

can cause infant botulism caused by the toxin Clostridium botulinum

40
Q

equipment must be sterilised for infants until what age

A

6 months

41
Q

Home-prepared and commercial infant foods can be kept in a covered container in the fridge for how long

A

up to 48 hours

42
Q

why should a baby never be left alone to eat

A

choking is silent

43
Q

what are the characteristics of gagging

A
  • watering eyes
  • pushing tongue forward out of mouth
  • retching movement to bring food forward
  • may vomit
  • loud / dramatic
44
Q

what are the characteristics of choking

A
  • may cough or gasp as trying to get air
  • may go silent
  • may make a struggling sound or raspy whisper
  • silent
45
Q

what are the foods that you should be aware of that could cause choking

A
  • small hard foods
  • small round foods
  • foods with skins or leaves
  • compressible food
  • thick pastes
  • fibrous or stringy foods
46
Q

what are the main reasons that cows milk should not be given as a drink until infants are older than 12 months

A
  • concentration and bioavailability of iron is low
  • may displace other solid foods, reducing nutrient intake
  • may cause gastrointestinal blood loss
  • high renal solute load
47
Q

what is the issue with cows milk and renal solute load

A

the high mineral concentration compared to human milk is hard on the kidneys and infants have immature kidneys

48
Q

when is cows milk ok for babies

A

when in food,

it just the high concentrations or high doses that cause issues

49
Q

what is the concern with baby food pouches

A

adverse health outcomes (such as decay, obesity, motor development) with pouch “suckling”

50
Q

what are dietitian concerns about baby food pouches

A

the infant cannot see, touch or smell pouch contents (this is important for exposure to foods)

51
Q

what is the nutritional intake of babies who have baby food pouches like

A

nutrient intakes are similar to infants who do not consume baby food pouches, additionally no difference in iron status but slightly higher intakes of total sugars

HUNT 243 (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions