Lecture 17 - Adolescent Nutrition Flashcards
what are the adolescent years
period of life between 11 and 19 years
energy and nutrient needs to support physical growth in adolescence are second only to those during
infancy
during adolescence they are more independent with
food choices
- they are not fed, they eat
- choose to go out, not sent out to play
what are the social pressures in adolescence
- body image
- alcohol
- drug use
pace of growth in adolescence …
speeds up abruptly and dramatically, significantly increase energy, protein and micronutrient needs
in adolescence, the sequence of change is ….
relatively predictable, but timing is highly variable
what is chronological age
out actual age, how old we are
what is biological age
more reflective of where we are in terms of growth and development, cells and tissues in the body
there are distinct growth patterns between
genders
growth and development during adolescence dictates
nutrition needs
sexual maturation is what driven
hormonal driven, affecting every organ in the body
what are the concerns during adolescence growth and development
under nutrition, over nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies
there are distinct differences in what in terms of body composition of males and females
differences in skeletal system, lean body mass and fat stores between genders
as much as what % of body weight is gained during adolescence
as much as 50% adult body weight is gained during adolescence
females gain a much larger % of
body fat
females need what % body fat for menarche
17%
females need what % body fat to maintain normal menstruation
25%
female body fat peaks between years
15-16
males gain more what than females
more lean body mass
males gain on average how many kg per year (during peak weight gain)
9kg per year
males have an average of what % body fat by the end of puberty
12% body fat
generally the adolescent growth spurt lasts about
2-3 years
females adolescent growth spurt begins at
9.5-14.5 years
males adolescent growth spurt begins at
11.5-16 years
females adolescent growth spurt generally ends around
16 years
males adolescent growth spurt generally ends around
17.5 years
the average gain in cm of females in adolescent growth spurt is
25cm
the average gain in cm of males in adolescent growth spurt is
28cm
low energy availability is defined as
mismatch between a persons energy intake and the energy expended in exercise, leaving inadequate energy to support the functions required by the body to maintain optimal health and performance
what is adequate energy availability
continually adapting energy intake to match training load
what is intentional low energy availability
restricting energy intake in the hope that becoming even leaner might improve performance
what is unintentional low energy availability
failing to increase energy intake to match a higher training load
both males and females can be affected by low energy availability, what can lead to this
- personality traits (perfectionism)
- social pressure
- pressure from coaches, parents
what athletes have a higher prevalence of low energy availability
recreational athletes have a higher prevalence compared to elite athletes
(top level athletes may be more aware and also more likely to have a support system around them to prevent this)
what type of sports have a higher prevalence of low energy availability
sports with emphasis on leanness and physique
e.g gymnastics and figure skating
what other type of sport is LEA common
endurance sports
e.g distance running, triathlons, cycling
to prevent LEA, ensure adequate energy intake in relation to exercise needs….. how
- regular meals, snacks and recovery options that are appropriate in energy and nutrients
- energy intake should be modified to reflect variations in training
- avoid prolonged periods without eating
- intake meets demands of the sport
puberty is a what period
transitional period
what matures during puberty
reproductive system