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HUNT 243 > Lecture 19 - Adult Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 19 - Adult Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

adulthood spans from

A

early 20s to early 60s

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2
Q

what are the ages and characteristics of early adulthood

A

20s-30s

becoming independent, leaving home, employment / career, choosing a partner, having children

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3
Q

what are the ages and characteristics of midlife

A

40s

family responsibilities , work, managing schedules,

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4
Q

what is the sandwich generation

A

50s

multigenerational care (children and ageing parents), maintaining career, possible health issues or prevention of them

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5
Q

what is later adulthood

A

early 60s

transition to retirement, more leisure and physical activity time

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6
Q

a healthy dietary pattern can promote … and

A

promote health and reduce risk of chronic disease

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7
Q

malnutrition can result from

A

genetic factors, disease states as well as poor diet

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8
Q

what are the hormonal changes that happen to females in adulthood

A
  • climacteric changes
  • perimenopause > menopause
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9
Q

what are climacteric changes that happen to females in adulthood

A

signals the end of reproduction

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10
Q

what age does climacteric changes occur in females

A

around the age of 50, although some are earlier or later than this

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11
Q

what are the hormonal changes that happen to males in adulthood

A

testosterone levels and muscle mass will decline after the age of 30

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12
Q

what is perimenopause

A

the transitional phase between normal menstruation and menopause

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13
Q

perimenopause is characterised by

A

differences in cycle length, hormonal fluctuations (decline in estrogen)

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14
Q

what can be said about assessing perimenopause

A

it can be hard to assess when it is occuring

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of perimenopause

A
  • hot flushes
  • mood disturbance
  • menstrual cycle disturbance (heavy bleeding)
  • fatigue
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16
Q

during menopause the risk factors for chronic diseases changes, what are these

A
  • accelerated bone loss
  • increase in abdominal fat (central adiposity)
  • changes in lipid profile
  • altered glucose metabolism
  • increased risk of CVD
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17
Q

what is the treatment of perimenopause (4)

A

focus on prevention of chronic disease risks

offer individualised lifestyle recommendations

  • prevent bone loss : intake of calcium, vit D status, supplemention??
  • prevent excess weight, altered lipds, risk of CVD : through healthy eating and activity
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18
Q

what is menopause

A

when a women stops having periods, the ovaries stop functioning and run out of eggs

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19
Q

sometimes menopause can occur for other reasons, what are they

A

surgical reasons, chemotherapy or radiotherapy to the pelvis

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20
Q

women might experience menopause early if they ..

A

live at high altitudes, are a smoker or have had a hysterectomy

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21
Q

what is responsible for most menopausal symptoms

A

drop in estrogen

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22
Q

some women have menopausal symptoms that last for

A

5-10 years

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23
Q

what happens in terms of bone, with body composition changes in menopause (also risk of …)

A
  • around 40 years bone mass will decline
  • risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis will depend on peak bone mass achieve by late 20s
24
Q

what are the body composition changes to adiposity in adulthood

A

positive energy balance typical in adulthood

25
what are the changes that happen to fat in adulthood
increased visceral fat (deep in intra-abdominal space) increased ectopic fat (accumulates in organs - liver, heart, pancreas, muscles)
26
what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of vegetables
11%
27
what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of fruit per day
44.9%
28
what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of both vegetables and fruit per day
6.7%
29
what % of adults drink alcohol
~80%
30
what % of New Zealand Adults drink hazardously
~20%
31
how is hazardous drinking measured and what is considered hazardous drinking
using a 10 question Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT someone who drank six or more drinks on one occasion, twice a week
32
hazardous drinking is highest among what gender and what is the prevalence
22% men and 10% women
33
hazardous drinking is highest among what age groups
highest prevalence 18-24 and 25-34 year olds slight peak again 45-54 year olds
34
what is the safe level of alcohol intake
there is no safe level of alcohol intake, if you choose to drink keep your intake low
35
to reduce long term health risks, women should consume (alcohol)
no more than 2 std drinks a day, no more than 10 standard drinks each week
36
to reduce long term health risks, men should consume (alcohol)
no more than 3 std drinks a day, no more than 15 std drinks each week
37
to reduce long term health risks, men and women should (alcohol)
have at least 2 alcohol free days every week
38
alcohol use is a risk factor for .... and linked to
cancer linked to the most prevalent types of cancers (e.g bowel, breast)
39
what in terms of alcohol is the best for cancer prevention
abstinence
40
of the cancer deaths caused by alcohol, what is the most common
breast cancer is most common
41
more than how many breast cancer deaths from alcohol were due to an average consumption of less than 2 std drinks per day
more than 1/3
42
an estimated how many breast cancer deaths in 2016 were due to drinking alcohol
65 deaths
43
what is the most common gastrointestinal diagnosis amongst adults in the community
gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)
44
who are those at highest risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux
- pregnant women - smokers - adults with high alcohol intake - overweight adults (35-64 year olds)
45
what are the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
- acid regurgitation / reflex - heart burn - bad breath - bloating and belching - nausea - pain when swallowing - sore throat / cough
46
what is the treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease for mild symptoms :
lifestyle changes - smaller meals, more frequent - avoid triggers foods (usually high fat, spicy, stimulants - caffeine, alcohol) - raising head of bed - maintain healthy weight - smoking cessation
47
what is the treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease for severe symptoms
medicine or surgery
48
what is said about supplement use in adults
intended to supplement the diet only, foods first apporach
49
in 2008/2009 what % of NZ adults were taking some form of supplement
48%
50
globally the dietary supplement industry is worth ... and has an expected annual growth rate of ..... from 2022-2030
>150 billion 8.9%
51
the domestic supplement market is regulated differently from
food (FSANZ) regulated by Medsafe
52
what is the issue with importing supplements
high risk of supplement contamination
53
what are possible contaminations of supplements
- glass shards, bacteria, doping substances - pre cursor to methamphetamine, steroids - dose : invalid claims
54
health professionals need to be aware of stacking....
supplements people can be consuming heaps of supplements with crossing over nutrients : therefore above the UL for some
55
what supplement group was used the most by NZ adults
oils (fish and plant)
56
regular use of supplements was more frequent among what age group of NZ adults
older NZ adults

HUNT 243 (30 decks)

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