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HUNT 243 > Lecture 19 - Adult Nutrition > Flashcards

Lecture 19 - Adult Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

adulthood spans from

A

early 20s to early 60s

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2
Q

what are the ages and characteristics of early adulthood

A

20s-30s

becoming independent, leaving home, employment / career, choosing a partner, having children

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3
Q

what are the ages and characteristics of midlife

A

40s

family responsibilities , work, managing schedules,

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4
Q

what is the sandwich generation

A

50s

multigenerational care (children and ageing parents), maintaining career, possible health issues or prevention of them

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5
Q

what is later adulthood

A

early 60s

transition to retirement, more leisure and physical activity time

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6
Q

a healthy dietary pattern can promote … and

A

promote health and reduce risk of chronic disease

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7
Q

malnutrition can result from

A

genetic factors, disease states as well as poor diet

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8
Q

what are the hormonal changes that happen to females in adulthood

A
  • climacteric changes
  • perimenopause > menopause
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9
Q

what are climacteric changes that happen to females in adulthood

A

signals the end of reproduction

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10
Q

what age does climacteric changes occur in females

A

around the age of 50, although some are earlier or later than this

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11
Q

what are the hormonal changes that happen to males in adulthood

A

testosterone levels and muscle mass will decline after the age of 30

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12
Q

what is perimenopause

A

the transitional phase between normal menstruation and menopause

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13
Q

perimenopause is characterised by

A

differences in cycle length, hormonal fluctuations (decline in estrogen)

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14
Q

what can be said about assessing perimenopause

A

it can be hard to assess when it is occuring

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15
Q

what are the symptoms of perimenopause

A
  • hot flushes
  • mood disturbance
  • menstrual cycle disturbance (heavy bleeding)
  • fatigue
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16
Q

during menopause the risk factors for chronic diseases changes, what are these

A
  • accelerated bone loss
  • increase in abdominal fat (central adiposity)
  • changes in lipid profile
  • altered glucose metabolism
  • increased risk of CVD
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17
Q

what is the treatment of perimenopause (4)

A

focus on prevention of chronic disease risks

offer individualised lifestyle recommendations

  • prevent bone loss : intake of calcium, vit D status, supplemention??
  • prevent excess weight, altered lipds, risk of CVD : through healthy eating and activity
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18
Q

what is menopause

A

when a women stops having periods, the ovaries stop functioning and run out of eggs

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19
Q

sometimes menopause can occur for other reasons, what are they

A

surgical reasons, chemotherapy or radiotherapy to the pelvis

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20
Q

women might experience menopause early if they ..

A

live at high altitudes, are a smoker or have had a hysterectomy

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21
Q

what is responsible for most menopausal symptoms

A

drop in estrogen

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22
Q

some women have menopausal symptoms that last for

A

5-10 years

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23
Q

what happens in terms of bone, with body composition changes in menopause (also risk of …)

A
  • around 40 years bone mass will decline
  • risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis will depend on peak bone mass achieve by late 20s
24
Q

what are the body composition changes to adiposity in adulthood

A

positive energy balance typical in adulthood

25
Q

what are the changes that happen to fat in adulthood

A

increased visceral fat (deep in intra-abdominal space)

increased ectopic fat (accumulates in organs - liver, heart, pancreas, muscles)

26
Q

what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of vegetables

A

11%

27
Q

what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of fruit per day

A

44.9%

28
Q

what proportion of kiwis are consuming the recommended amount of both vegetables and fruit per day

A

6.7%

29
Q

what % of adults drink alcohol

A

~80%

30
Q

what % of New Zealand Adults drink hazardously

A

~20%

31
Q

how is hazardous drinking measured and what is considered hazardous drinking

A

using a 10 question Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT

someone who drank six or more drinks on one occasion, twice a week

32
Q

hazardous drinking is highest among what gender and what is the prevalence

A

22% men and 10% women

33
Q

hazardous drinking is highest among what age groups

A

highest prevalence 18-24 and 25-34 year olds

slight peak again 45-54 year olds

34
Q

what is the safe level of alcohol intake

A

there is no safe level of alcohol intake,

if you choose to drink keep your intake low

35
Q

to reduce long term health risks, women should consume (alcohol)

A

no more than 2 std drinks a day,

no more than 10 standard drinks each week

36
Q

to reduce long term health risks, men should consume (alcohol)

A

no more than 3 std drinks a day,

no more than 15 std drinks each week

37
Q

to reduce long term health risks, men and women should (alcohol)

A

have at least 2 alcohol free days every week

38
Q

alcohol use is a risk factor for …. and linked to

A

cancer

linked to the most prevalent types of cancers (e.g bowel, breast)

39
Q

what in terms of alcohol is the best for cancer prevention

A

abstinence

40
Q

of the cancer deaths caused by alcohol, what is the most common

A

breast cancer is most common

41
Q

more than how many breast cancer deaths from alcohol were due to an average consumption of less than 2 std drinks per day

A

more than 1/3

42
Q

an estimated how many breast cancer deaths in 2016 were due to drinking alcohol

A

65 deaths

43
Q

what is the most common gastrointestinal diagnosis amongst adults in the community

A

gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD)

44
Q

who are those at highest risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux

A
  • pregnant women
  • smokers

-adults with high alcohol intake

  • overweight adults (35-64 year olds)
45
Q

what are the symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

A
  • acid regurgitation / reflex
  • heart burn
  • bad breath
  • bloating and belching
  • nausea
  • pain when swallowing
  • sore throat / cough
46
Q

what is the treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease for mild symptoms :

A

lifestyle changes

  • smaller meals, more frequent
  • avoid triggers foods (usually high fat, spicy, stimulants - caffeine, alcohol)
  • raising head of bed
  • maintain healthy weight
  • smoking cessation
47
Q

what is the treatment for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease for severe symptoms

A

medicine or surgery

48
Q

what is said about supplement use in adults

A

intended to supplement the diet only, foods first apporach

49
Q

in 2008/2009 what % of NZ adults were taking some form of supplement

A

48%

50
Q

globally the dietary supplement industry is worth … and has an expected annual growth rate of ….. from 2022-2030

A

> 150 billion

8.9%

51
Q

the domestic supplement market is regulated differently from

A

food (FSANZ)

regulated by Medsafe

52
Q

what is the issue with importing supplements

A

high risk of supplement contamination

53
Q

what are possible contaminations of supplements

A
  • glass shards, bacteria, doping substances
  • pre cursor to methamphetamine, steroids
  • dose : invalid claims
54
Q

health professionals need to be aware of stacking….

A

supplements

people can be consuming heaps of supplements with crossing over nutrients : therefore above the UL for some

55
Q

what supplement group was used the most by NZ adults

A

oils (fish and plant)

56
Q

regular use of supplements was more frequent among what age group of NZ adults

A

older NZ adults

HUNT 243 (20 decks)

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