PP Exam 9

Question 1

What can be described as a measure of dispersion around the mean that is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean?
A)
Standard deviation
B)
Normal Distribution
C)
Range
D)
Variance
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Answer 1

D(Variance).
A variance is a measure of dispersion around the mean. It is calculated as the average of the sum of the squared deviations from the mean. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 2

What is an isohyet?
A)
A geographic border that surrounds a desert
B)
A geographic border that divides precipitation amounts
C)
A type of wetland that is less than 0.5 acres
D)
A type of wetland that is greater than 0.5 acres
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Answer 2

B(A geographic border that divides precipitation amounts).
The 100th Meridian follows the approximate line of a border known to geographers and climatologists as an isohyet. To the east of the line there is an annual precipitation of 20 inches and greater. To the west of the line, the area could be considered a desert, between the 100th meridian and the crest of the Sierra Nevada Range in California.
Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2003, “Rocky Mountain Dry” by Ed Quillen, page 27.

Question 3

Fees-in-lieu can be described as which of the following?
A)
Land Dedication for school and park purposes
B)
Land dedicated by the developer for the new residents that are a result of their development
C)
payments from the developer as an alternative to the land required
D)
None of the above
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Answer 3

C(payments from the developer as an alternative to the land required).
Fees-in-lieu are payments from the developer as an alternative to the land needed for park or school purposes that represents the value of the land and/or improvement that is required. The developers must pay these fees-in-lieu before they are issued final plat approval. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 148.

Question 4

What is the name given to the federal zoning for religious uses?
A)
RLUIPA
B)
REELPA
C)
RLPA
D)
None of the above.
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Answer 4

A(RLUIPA).
The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act of 2000 (RLUIPA) pronounced Ree-Loopa) is basically federal zoning for religious uses. It says that local and State governments may not impose a land use regulation that imposes a substantial burden on the religion of a person or a religious institution or assembly.
It also states that a state or local government must not treat a religious assembly on less that equal terms with a nonreligious assembly or institution.
Source: APA Planning Magazine, April 2003, “Church vs. State” by Michael S. Giaimo and Dwight Merriam, FAICP. page 15.

Question 5

Between 1990 and 2000, cities in which areas of the United States grew the fastest?
1)Midwestern
2)Southern
3)Northeastern
4)Western
A)
2,3
B)
1 only
C)
2,4
D)
All of the above
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Answer 5

C(2,4).
Western and southern cities grew the fastest between 1990 and 2000. In the same period, urban industrial centers in the Midwest and Northeast declined in population. New York remained the country’s largest city passing the 8 million mark.
Source:http://www.infoplease.com

Question 6

On a one acre tract of land, which of the following cummulative zoning would allow for a two home subdivision, both having 7,000 sq.ft. lots with the rest of the land left as open space?
A)
4 DU/acre
B)
2 DU/acre
C)
Both of the above
D)
None of the above
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Answer 6

B(2 DU/acre).
Many zones specify a residential intensity as a number of dwelling units per acre (du/acre). An acre has 43,560 square feet.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 144.

Question 7

According to the EPA, which of the following is the best definition of effluent?
A)
particles removed from contamination
B)
a discharge of pollutants into the environment
C)
areas where the fresh water meets salt water
D)
None of the above
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Answer 7

B(a discharge of pollutants into the environment ).
Effluent is a discharge of pollutants into the environment, partially or completely treated or in its natural state and is generally used in regard to discharges into waters.
Source: http://www.epa.gov

Question 8

In financing, “Pay-As-You-Go” can be described as which of the following?
A)
funds are accumulated in advance for projects
B)
paid by those who benefit most
C)
the financing of improvements from current revenues
D)
a public works project that is constructed by a private company
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Answer 8

C(the financing of improvements from current revenues).
Typical methods of finance include the following; Pay-as- you-Go (Current Revenue) - the financing of improvements from current revenues. This includes fees, general taxes, special funds, service charges, special assessments, or fees. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 9

What happened in Salt Lake City in 2002 that created light rail, and improvements and repairs to existing roads and interchanges?
A)
A hotel tax was implemented
B)
A new mayor
C)
A new Casino
D)
Salt Lake City Olympic Games
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Answer 9

D(Salt Lake City Olympic Games).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, February 2002, “A Peak Experience” by Steve Osborne, page 9. These Olympic games brought with them a lot of capital projects and improvements that will last in Salt Lake for many years.

Question 10

You are the director of a large planning department for the City of Pelham. Within the same week, two of your planners come to you with requests to do outside work or moonlighting. The first employee, Sara, wants to be able to do consulting work for a private firm in the evening on a project that is in another state. The second employee, Sue, wants to teach a planning class at the local college at nights. If you had to make a choice between only one of the two, which of the following would be your best option for approving?
A)
You should not let either employee do outside employment or “moonlighting”
B)
You should give approval to both. If they are able to help justify why you should be allowing them, however, you should favor Sue over allowing Sara if you had to choose only one.
C)
You should give approval to both if they are able to help justify why you should be allowing them, however, you should favor Sara over allowing Sue
D)
You should tell both of them that they do not need your permission for such things and that they should do whatever they want after work hours.
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Answer 10

B(You should give approval to both. If they are able to help justify why you should be allowing them, however, you should favor Sue over allowing Sara if you had to choose only one.).
The best answer for this is option B. When forced to make a decision between the two, you should consider the main justification for the approval. Teaching a planning class can be thought of as impoving the profession of planning in the big picture.
Source: www.planning.org.

Question 11

Principal Uses can be defined as what?
A)
land uses that are allowed by right
B)
land uses that are allowed only by special review
C)
land uses that are allowed only as incidental to the principal uses
D)
land uses that are not allowed, however, are legal because they were there at the time of the zoning put in place
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Answer 11

A(land uses that are allowed by right).
There are generally three types of categories allowed in permitted land uses, these are described below. 1)Principle uses, these are uses that are allowed by right. 2)Accessory uses, these are land uses that are permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use. 3)Secial uses, these are land uses allowed only by a special review. There is another interesting use called Nonconforming use, these are legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development and are a result of changes in the zoning ordinance. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Question 12

This is a less extensive environmental review used by various agencies to determine whether or not an EIS will be required.
A)
Environmental Monitoring
B)
Environmental Exploratory Research
C)
EIS Phase One
D)
Environmental Assessment
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Answer 12

D(Environmental Assessment).
An Environmental Assessment is a less extensive environmental review used by various agencies to determine whether or not an EIS will be required. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Question 13

What can be described as, “a means of allocating resources and creating priorities while defining competing interests and making choices between them, as part of setting government policy on a variety of public issues.”?
A)
Revenue Forecasting
B)
Special Assessments
C)
Reserve Funds
D)
Budget
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Answer 13

D(Budget).
Budgeting can be defined as “a means of allocating resources and creating priorities while defining competing interests and making choices between them, as part of setting government policy on a variety of public issues.” Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 14

An organizational approach called “Alinsky’s Organization” involves all but the one of the following…
1)They are formed when an invitation is given by an organization or neighborhood
2)A paid “organizer” then goes into the neighborhood or organization
3)the organizer helps identify issues and begin action
4)the organizer does not involve local leaders in any actions that are generated
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
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Answer 14

D(4).
Alinsky’s organizations are created when an invitation is sent out by the neighborhood or organization and a paid organizer is then sent to the neighborhood. They identify issues, generate action, recruit and involve local leaders, and sets up a local organization if one does not exist. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Citizen Participation in Planning” by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 136.

Question 15

Which 1896 case was the first significant one dealing with historic preservation?
A)
Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. v. United States
B)
Miller v. Schoene
C)
Mugler v. Kansas
D)
Schmale v. City of Elgin
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Answer 15

A(Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. v. United States).
In 1896 the United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. was the first significant legal case concerning historic preservation. The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the acquisition of the national battlefield at Gettysburg served a valid public purpose. Source:www.planning.org

Question 16

What Act was created in 1964?
A)
Standard City Planning Enabling Act
B)
ISTEA
C)
Zoning Enabling Act
D)
Civil Rights Act
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Answer 16

D(Civil Rights Act).
In 1964, the Civil Rights Act outlawed discrimination based on race, creed, and national origin in places of public accommodation. Source: www.planning.org

Question 17

Performance Zoning can be described as which of the following?
A)
allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner
B)
cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards
C)
regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself
D)
establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use
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Answer 17

C(regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself).
Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways.
1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top.
2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from “taking over” another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed.
3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise).
4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself.
5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses.
6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design.
7) Overlay zones, these add requirements “on top” of zoning districts.
8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards.
9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Question 18

What is significant about Cincinnati, Ohio?
A)
the first American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan
B)
the first American City to create a Planning Commission
C)
the first City to use eminent domain
D)
All of the above
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Answer 18

A(the first American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan ).
In 1925 Cincinnati, Ohio became first major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman, Ladislas Segoe.) Source: www.planning.org

Question 19

The Endangered Species Act was passed in…
A)
1969
B)
1973
C)
1975
D)
1979
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Answer 19

B(1973).
The 1973 Endangered Species Act authorized Federal assistance to state and local jurisdictions to establish conservation programs for endangers plant and animal species. Source:www.planning.org

Question 20

This can be a staged, three to five year prioritized program of transportation projects that cover a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan.
A)
Metropolitan Transportation Plan
B)
Federal Transit and Highway Grant
C)
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)
D)
Transportation Strategy
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Answer 20

C(Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)).
A Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) can be a staged, three- to five-year prioritized program of transportation projects covering a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan. The projects are recommended from those in the transportation systems management element and the long-range element of the planning process. This program is required for a locality to receive federal transit and highway grants. The selected projects need to be consistent with the transportation plan. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Question 21

According to the 2000 US Census, what was the percentage of homes with 2 persons in 2000?
A)
12.1%
B)
22.1%
C)
33.1%
D)
43.1%
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Answer 21

C(33.1%).
According to the 2000 Census, the percentage of homes with 2 persons was 33.1% The highest percentage of the number of persons.
Source:http://www.infoplease.com

Question 22

A “range” can be described as which of the following?
A)
the value of a distribution which divides the distribution into two equal parts
B)
the difference between the lowest and highest score
C)
the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency
D)
the average of a series of numbers
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Answer 22

B(the difference between the lowest and highest score).
The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The “mean” is the average of a series of numbers. The “median” is the value of a distribution which divides the distribution into two equal parts. The “Mode” is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The “Range” is the difference between the lowest and highest score. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 23

Cartway, can be defined as which of the following?
A)
the portion of the street right-of-way that is traveled
B)
the portion of the street right-of-way that is not traveled
C)
the portion of the street right-of-way that contains the utilities
D)
None of the above
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Answer 23

A(the portion of the street right-of-way that is traveled).
The cartway is the portion of the right-of-way that is traveled upon. The street’s right-of-way also contains the traffic signs, utilities above and below ground, and the sidewalks. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 148.

Question 24

Non-point pollutants can be described as which of the following?
A)
those coming out of a pipe and into a body of water
B)
those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a water body
C)
Air pollution only, water is not classified in this form
D)
None of the above
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Answer 24

B(those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a water body ).
Non-point pollutants are those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a body of water. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Question 25

Which of the following was involved with the Advocacy Planning movement?
A)
Jacob Riis
B)
Paul Davidoff
C)
George Perkins Marsh
D)
Alexander Hamilton
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Answer 25

B(Paul Davidoff ).
In 1962 “A Choice Theory of Planning”, a seminal article in the AIP Journal by Paul Davidoff and Thomas Reiner, lays the basis for the advocacy planning concept.
Source: www.planning.org

Question 26

Radburn, New Jersey….
1)planned by Stein and Wright
2)inspired by Sunnyside Gardens
3)was a forerunner of the New Deal’s Greenbelt towns
4)began construction in 1935
A)
1,2,3
B)
1,3,4
C)
1,3
D)
All of the above
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Answer 26

C(1,3).
In 1928, construction of Radburn, New Jersey, began. Planned community inspired by Howard’s Garden City concept and designed by Stein and Wright. A forerunner of the New Deal’s Greenbelt towns. Source:www.planning.org

Question 27

This can be defined as successive rounds of argument and counter argument that work towards a consensus.
A)
Exactions
B)
Fishbowl Planning
C)
Charrette
D)
Policy Delphi
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Answer 27

D(Policy Delphi).
Through successive rounds of argument and counter argument the views of the public, special interest groups, staff, and government work towards a consensus. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Citizen Participation in Planning” by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 135.

Question 28

What is the local legislative branch which has the most power for zoning decisions?
A)
City Council
B)
Planning Commission
C)
Planning staff
D)
Zoning Hearing Officer
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Answer 28

A(City Council).
The governing body, called the City Council, or town board, has the most responsibility and power for zoning decisions. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Question 29

In California, SCAG is?
A)
Southern California Association of Georeferencing
B)
Southern California Association of Geography
C)
Southern California Association of Governments
D)
Southern California Association of Greenways
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Answer 29

C(Southern California Association of Governments).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, February 2002, “The Inland Empire Strikes Back” by Fulton and Shigley, page 12. In 2002, the six-county Southern California Association of Governments issued a report called the New Economy and Jobs/Housing Balance in Southern California.

Question 30

What is the Vieux Carre Commission?
A)
the first historic preservation commission in the US
B)
the first urban renewal commission in the US
C)
the first planning commission in the US
D)
the first slum clearance commission in the US
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Answer 30

A(the first historic preservation commission in the US).
1921 - New Orleans designates the Vieux Carre Commission, the first historic preservation commission in the U.S. Source:www.planning.org

Question 31

What technique involves examining three components of regional employment growth between two periods of time?
A)
Shift-Share Analysis
B)
Location Quotient
C)
Forecasting Population
D)
Localization Coefficient
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Answer 31

A(Shift-Share Analysis).
Shift-Share analysis evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of a specific region’s industries. It shows how well the region’s mix of industries are performing, and how well the region’s individual industries are performing. This analysis examines three components of regional employment growth (National growth, Industry Mix, and Competitiveness) between two periods of time. These three components are added to obtain the total change in employment of a specific industry.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Shift-Share Analysis” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, pages 194-196.

Question 32

Riparian Rights can best be described as which one of these answers?
A)
Entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of the land below and the air above his/her property
B)
Entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of water on or bordering his/her property
C)
These are regulations put on a home at the time of purchase (e.g.: subdivision rules on paint color of the home)
D)
None of the above
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Answer 32

B(Entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of water on or bordering his/her property ).
Riparian Rights deal with the entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of water on or bordering his/her property, including the right to prevent diversion or misuse of upstream waters and is generally a matter of state law. Source:http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/aquatic/glossary.html

Question 33

Potable water can be described as which of the options below?
A)
suitable for drinking or cooking purposes from both health and aesthetic considerations
B)
water that is not suitable for drinking or cooking purposes
C)
water that is treated with chemicals and used in “port-o-lets”
D)
None of the above
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Answer 33

A(suitable for drinking or cooking purposes from both health and aesthetic considerations ).
Potable Water can be defined as being suitable for drinking or cooking purposes from both health and aesthetic considerations. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Question 34

The Baby Boomer generation was born between what timeframe?
A)
1925 and 1935
B)
1936 and 1945
C)
1946 and 1964
D)
1965 and 1980
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Answer 34

C(1946 and 1964).
The Baby Boomer generation was one of the most important generations with regards to their effect on planning. As this generation ages, the increase in seniors will require more development and programs directed towards them. Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “ The War of the Ages “ by C. Williamson, AICP, page 4.

Question 35

The Civic Alliance to Rebuild Downtown New York and the New York New Visions are involved in which of the following?
A)
they are two civic and professional coalitions
B)
leading in the effort to redevelop Lower Manhattan
C)
they are involving visioning and master planning
D)
All of the above
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Answer 35

D(All of the above).
Two civic and professional coalitions are leading the effort to rebuild. One is the Civic Alliance to Rebuild Downtown New York, a coalition of 85 business, community, and environmental groups. It is convened by the Regional Plan Association in partnership with New York University, Pratt Institute, and New School University. The second group is New York New Visions. A coalition of 21 planning and design groups led by the New York chapter of the American Institute of Architects, New York Chapter of the American Institute of Graphic Artists, and the APA’s New York Metro Chapter. Source, APA Planning Magazine, September 2002, “Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again” by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 7.

Question 36

Developer’s dedicating a certain amount of open space for the creation of park land in their new development is an example of what?
A)
Improvement Standards
B)
Exaction
C)
Growth Management Controls
D)
Recordation
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Answer 36

B(Exaction).
Exactions can be described as the subdivider’s financial responsibilities for public improvements associated with the development. Examples of exactions include land or cash-in-lieu dedications for park land and new schools. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 147.

Question 37

What issue did Munn v. Illinois (1876) deal with?
A)
depriving property without due process of law
B)
zoning
C)
eminent domain
D)
historic preservation
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Answer 37

A(depriving property without due process of law).
The issue in this case was whether the regulation of railroad rates by the state of Illinois deprived the railroad companies of property without due process of law, put another way, the issue of public-private property/free enterprise v. State rights.
The Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Illinois law because the movement and storage of grain were considered to be closely related to public interest. This type of economic activity could be governed by state legislatures, whereas purely private contracts could only be governed by the courts. Source: www.tourolaw.edu.

Question 38

Which of the following can be described as scientific measurements that track environmental conditions over time?
A)
Environmental Impact Statements
B)
Non-point pollutants
C)
Environmental indicators
D)
Environmental Assessment
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Answer 38

C(Environmental indicators ).
Environmental indicators are scientific measurements that track environmental conditions over time.
Indicators help measure the state of our air, water and land resources. They also measure the pressures on them, and the resulting effects on ecological and human health.
Indicators show our progress in making the air cleaner, the water purer, and in protecting our land. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Question 39

By the end of 2000, San Antonio had bought nearly 260 houses, and at the end of 2001, it spent almost $16 million to buy and tear down homes. What was the reason for this?
A)
Flooding Issues
B)
Crime Issues
C)
Fire Issues
D)
Termite Issues
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Answer 39

A(Flooding Issues ).
A flood in 1998 opened a lot of eyes in San Antonio and resulted in a focus on stormwater management issues. It was a serious flood that led San Antonio into a floodplain management strategy using buyouts and regulatory floodplain preservation where before it had relied almost solely on structural alternatives and kept away from regulatory controls.
Now, new developments are responsible for stormwater retention and a new stormwater utility has been created.
Source: APA Planning Magazine, November 2001, “Getting Out from Under” by Dave Pasley, AICP page 20.

Question 40

What date did the current code of ethics take effect?
A)
June 1, 2005
B)
June 24, 2006
C)
January 1, 2005
D)
March 19, 2005
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Answer 40

A(June 1, 2005).
The current Code of Ethics took effect June 1, 2005.
Source: www.planning.org

Question 41

According to the ITE’s “Parking Generation”, which of the following has a peak parking space factor of 1.0 - 5.0 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. GLA?
A)
A medical center
B)
An office
C)
A shopping center (larger than 600,000 sq.ft.)
D)
A restaurant
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Answer 41

C(A shopping center (larger than 600,000 sq.ft.) ).
A shopping center that is larger than 600,000 sq.ft. typically has a peak space parking factor of 1.0 - 5.0 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of Gross Leaseable Area (GLA).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, “Parking Generation”, 2nd edition, 1987.

Question 42

What is the echo boom?
A)
Children of the baby boomers between 1979-1994
B)
Parents of the baby boomers
C)
Generation X
D)
Children born between 1995 and 2002
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Answer 42

A(Children of the baby boomers between 1979-1994).
The baby boomers had children later and in smaller numbers. The result, the growth in the under 18 population is reverberating in classrooms today. The Echo Boom is also called Generation Y. Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “ The War of the Ages “ by C. Williamson, AICP, page 4.

Question 43

This can be described as uses and structures that existed prior to the zoning ordinance and are not in conformity with it’s provisions.
A)
Special Use Permit
B)
Nonconforming Uses
C)
Variance
D)
Subdivision Regulation
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Answer 43

B(Nonconforming Uses).
Many ordinances allow their continuation unless they are destroyed, abandoned, or substantially damaged. Also, some ordinances require that non-conforming structures be amortized and ended after a certain period. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 120.

Question 44

Who was called the “Great Expediter”?
A)
Andrew Thomas
B)
Robert Moses
C)
John D. Rockefeller
D)
Clarence Perry
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Answer 44

B(Robert Moses).
Robert Moses was called the Great Expediter, and was the leading person on city planning in the 1920’s. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning History Summary” by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 73.

Question 45

You are working on a GIS project for an outside employer and you have to prepare the final plan for tomorrow’s presentation. You have the disc of the plan at work with you during the day when you find this out. Time is of the essence and at your office you have a multitude of copiers and your office makes dozens of copies just like it each day. What should you do?
A)
You should print the plan off at your office, but only after 5pm, there is nothing unethical about this.
B)
You should print the plan at anytime, you do not have to wait until after hours to print it off, you are using equipment that is at your disposal and your boss has given you permission to take this outside job anyway.
C)
You should take the disc out to a local printing shop and even if it is cutting it close you should not use your employers equipment for outside employment
D)
You should have one of the planners that works for you run the copy, this way it is not you using the equipment for the outside employer.
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Answer 45

C(You should take the disc out to a local printing shop and even if it is cutting it close you should not use your employers equipment for outside employment).
Answer C is the best option for you. It is simply an example of what is BEST, and when you do not use the office equipment it is the best ethically.
Source: www.planning.org.

Question 46

Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. v. United States (1896) dealt with which of the following issues?
A)
historic preservation
B)
adult uses
C)
takings
D)
exactions
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Answer 46

A(historic preservation).
In 1896 the United States v. Gettysburg Electric Railway Co. was the first significant legal case concerning historic preservation. The U.S. Supreme Court rules that the acquisition of the national battlefield at Gettysburg served a valid public purpose. Source:www.planning.org

Question 47

A major change in the 2000 Census related to the collection of what type of information?
A)
number living in the structure
B)
home ownership
C)
race and Hispanic origin
D)
All of the above
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Answer 47

C(race and Hispanic origin).
There was a major change in the Census 2000 related to collection of information on race and Hispanic origin. The census questionnaire instructed respondents for the first time to report as many race categories as they felt applied. Source:http://www.knowledgeplex.org

Question 48

Gruen argues that civic centers would work better as…….
A)
polycentric
B)
uni-functional
C)
mixed-use
D)
public/private partnership
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Answer 48

C(mixed-use).
Victor Gruen stated that mixed-use centers should have the following objectives:
1) Reduced Travel times due to a strong “core” that will reduce the need for traveling.
2) Consistency with Market Trends that will be aided by population growth and congestion.
3) There should be more diversification of housing types and densities, opportunities for urbanity and self-sufficiency in mixed-use centers. We tend to see this in almost all regional development plans.
In “Centers for the Urban Environment”, Gruen criticized how shopping centers were being constructed. Gruen called them “uni-functional” centers. He stated that these centers should be anchored by a wide range of functions, not just shopping.
These are examples of “uni-functional” centers that Gruen argued would operate better as mixed-use centers: civic, performing arts, educational, and office centers. These centers typically have costly and complicated travel patterns, sterile environments, as well as unnecessary public and private financial burdens.
Gruen’s home of Vienna, Austria, has a UN facility that is an example of how NOT to build a strong core.
Source: Planning Magazine, June 2005, “ The Heart of the Matter” by Rodney E. Engelen, AICP.

Question 49

This Conservation Plan covers 9,000 sq. miles of Pima County’s desert…
A)
Las Vegas Desert Plan
B)
Conservation Plan for California
C)
Conservation Plan for the Grand Canyon
D)
Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan
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Answer 49

D(Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, March 2002, “Outstanding Planning: A Plan”, by Blake Morlock, page 6. The plan has taken conservation planning to the next level by integrating cultural resources, ecosystems, economic growth, with future development. The plan covers the desert expanse of Pima County’s 9,000 square miles.

Question 50

What case dealt with the issue of condemning property that are unsightly if required to achieve objectives of a redevelopment plan?
A)
Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo 1972
B)
Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas 1974
C)
Berman v. Parker 1954
D)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian 1915
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Answer 50

C(Berman v. Parker 1954).
In 1954, Berman v. Parker, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Washington, D.C. Redevelopment Land Agency to condemn properties that are unsightly, though non-deteriorated, if required to achieve objectives of duly established area redevelopment plan. Source:www.planning.org

Question 51

In the book, “Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters (1987)”, it shows that the average vehicle trip per unit is the highest for which of the following?
1)Duplexes and Townhomes
2)Apartments
3)Retirement Homes
4)Planned Unit Developments
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
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Answer 51

D(4).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 158, Figure 5, Average Vehicle Trip Rates.
In this question, the highest is for Planned Unit Developments. The average vehicle trip rate for Single Family Residential is 9.1 to 10.2,
Planned Unit Developments is 7.9,
Duplexes and Townhomes is 7.0,
Apartments is 6.0,
Condominiums is 5.9,
Mobile Homes is 5.5, and
Retirement Homes is 3.5.
Source: Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters (1987)
Over the years many planningprep.com members have had issues with this question. One of the biggest concerns is the assumption that PUD’s mostly contain single-family homes (although that is never directly stated). The main point of this question is to understand that many argue (and agree) that single-family homes generate the most average vehicle trips per unit. This question does not provide this as a correct answer and therefore, you must choose the next best answer which, according to the book is Planned Unit Developments. When looking at the other choices provided, which are all Mult-family, this is the best answer provided.

Question 52

What year was the Sierra Club founded?
A)
1969
B)
1970
C)
1990
D)
1892
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Answer 52

D(1892).
In 1892 the Sierra Club was founded to promote the protection and preservation of the natural environment. John Muir, Scottish-American naturalist, and a major figure in the history of American environmentalism, was the leading founder. Source: www.planning.org

Question 53

The statistical technique which provides an estimate of one variable based on the linear function of another can be defined as:
A)
Regression
B)
Forecasting
C)
T-Test
D)
Step Down Approach
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Answer 53

A(Regression).
The general purpose of multiple regression (the term was first used by Pearson, 1908) is to learn more about the relationship between several independent or predictor variables and a dependent or criterion variable. For example, a real estate agent might record for each listing the size of the house (in square feet), the number of bedrooms, the average income in the respective neighborhood according to census data, and a subjective rating of appeal of the house. Once this information has been compiled for various houses it would be interesting to see whether and how these measures relate to the price for which a house is sold. For example, one might learn that the number of bedrooms is a better predictor of the price for which a house sells in a particular neighborhood than how “pretty” the house is (subjective rating). One may also detect “outliers,” that is, houses that should really sell for more, given their location and characteristics. Source: StatSoft, Inc. 2002.

Question 54

According to the Highway Capacity Manual (1994), there are different roadway levels of service, which service level can be described as “unstable flow, near capacity, limited speed, and very long delays”?
A)
A
B)
C
C)
B
D)
E
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Answer 54

D(E).
Source: “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level E is unstable flow, near capacity, limited speed, and very long delays

Question 55

Under the AICP Code of Ethics, all of the following may be considered a potential conflict of interest for a public planner EXCEPT:
A)
Stopping or “derailing” public participation in a long-range planning process.
B)
Working for a developer who has an action before the City Council.
C)
Processing a rezoning application for property that the planner him/herself owns
D)
Accepting a new bbq grill on their birthday from a local development firm.
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Answer 55

A(Stopping or “derailing” public participation in a long-range planning process. ).
Under the AICP Code of Ethics, those answers in B, C, and D can be seen as a potential conflict of interest for a public sector planner. For answer A, if the Public Planner stops, or derails the public process that is not a good thing, and is probably bad, and would lead to them being disciplined by their supervisor, but it is not considered a conflict of interest with the information we have been given in this example.
Source: Talking EthicsVersion 1.0.0013Produced by: Crisanti & Co.Programming by: Ralph RussellTalking Ethics copyright American Planning Association.

Question 56

In the United States adults average 72 minutes a day doing what?
A)
talking
B)
eating
C)
walking
D)
driving
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Answer 56

D(driving).
Source: APA Planning Magazine October 2001, “Above and Beyond: Fighting Small Town Sprawl” by Julie Campoli, Elizabeth Humstone, and Alex MacLean, pages 4-9. American adults average 72 minutes a day driving.

Question 57

A Comprehensive Plan can be described as…
A)
a document that does not deal with the future desires/needs of the community
B)
a document that involves internal staff only
C)
a document that focuses on a specific issue or problem
D)
a document that provides a community with a guide for how development can best occur in the present and into the future.
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Answer 57

D(a document that provides a community with a guide for how development can best occur in the present and into the future.).
A comprehensive plan in its broadest sense is a document that provides a community with a reference for how development can best be accomplished at present and into the future. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Comprehensive Planning” by Joanne Garnett, AICP, American Planning Association, Boise, ID. Page 59.

Question 58

Who was the first Secretary of HUD?
A)
Lawrence Veiller
B)
Andrew Thomas
C)
Robert Weaver
D)
John D. Rockefeller, Jr.
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Answer 58

C(Robert Weaver).
Robert Weaver was HUD’s first Secretary and was the first African-American cabinet member.
Source:www.planning.org

Question 59

What data collection technique comprises a series of questionnaires sent out, to a pre-selected group of experts. These questionnaires are designed to elicit individual responses to the problems and to enable the experts to refine their views as the group’s work progresses?
A)
Round Table
B)
Telephone Survey
C)
Panel Discussions
D)
Delphi Method
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Answer 59

D(Delphi Method).
The Delphi method is an exercise in group communication among a panel of geographically dispersed experts (Adler and Ziglio, 1996). The technique allows experts to deal systematically with a complex problem or task. The essence of the technique is fairly straightforward. It comprises a series of questionnaires sent either by mail or via computerized systems, to a pre-selected group of experts. These questionnaires are designed to elicit and develop individual responses to the problems posed and to enable the experts to refine their views as the group’s work progresses in accordance with the assigned task. The main point behind the Delphi method is to overcome the disadvantages of conventional committee action. Source: http://www.iit.edu/~it/delphi.html

Question 60

You are a planner working for the City of Port Colbourne, a development venture is presented at a concept meeting that involves the purchase of property owned along the waterfront by your mother and father. The development if approved, would increase the value of their property significantly, which is the BEST option for you to follow?
A)
You should remove yourself from the project.
B)
You should remain on the project because you will be able to assist on the project with your knowledge of the area as you grew up on that property.
C)
You should receive written approval from your parents, the developer, and your boss to remain on the project
D)
You should stay on the project and simply inform the developer, and your boss in writing about your interest.
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Answer 60

A(You should remove yourself from the project.).
The BEST option for you to follow is option A. This would be the best and cleanest way for you to “keep yourself out of an ethical situation”.
Source: www.planning.org.

Question 61

With regards to demographics, what is CDP?
A)
Central Demographic Poll
B)
Central Downtown Poll
C)
Census Designated Places
D)
Census Described Population
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Answer 61

C(Census Designated Places).
Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “ The War of the Ages “ by C. Williamson, AICP, page 8. CDP’s are incorporated cities and unincorporated communities identified by the Census Bureau, usually with input from local and county planners.

Question 62

According to the National Association of Home Builders a new home in the US is, on average ____ percent larger than it was 30 years ago.
A)
25
B)
50
C)
75
D)
10
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Answer 62

B(50).
Source, APA Planning Magazine June 2001, “Love Me, Love My Garage “ by Ruth Eckdish Knack, AICP, page 17. A new house in the US is on average 50% bigger than it was 30 years ago (NAHB).

Question 63

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination can be described as which of the following?
A)
the permitting system for all air pollution
B)
was created in 1975
C)
the permitting system for all non-point sources of water pollution
D)
the permitting system for all point sources of water pollution
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Answer 63

D(the permitting system for all point sources of water pollution ).
NPDES is the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. It is authorized by the Clean Water Act. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program controls water pollution by regulating point sources that discharge pollutants into water. Point sources are discrete conveyances such as pipes or man-made ditches. Individual homes that are connected to a municipal system, use a septic system, or do not have a surface discharge do not need an NPDES permit. However, industrial, municipal, and other facilities must obtain permits if their discharges go directly to surface waters. In most cases, the NPDES permit program is administered by authorized states. Since 1972, the NPDES permit program is responsible for significant improvements to our water quality. Source:http://cfpub.epa.gov

Question 64

An Environmental Impact Statement can be defined as which of the following?
A)
written to satisfy requirements of NEPA when a major action will have a significant impact on the environment
B)
a less extensive environmental review used by various agencies to determine whether or not an EIS will be required
C)
written to satisfy requirements of NEPA when a governmental action is expected to have no impact on the environment
D)
None of the above
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Answer 64

A(written to satisfy requirements of NEPA when a major action will have a significant impact on the environment ).
An Environmental Impact Statement has to be written to satisfy requirements of NEPA when a major action will have a significant impact on the environment. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Question 65

Visioning involves….
1)goals are based on what already exists in the community
2)it looks at existing opportunities and constraints
3)requires extensive data collection about the community
4)a simple projection of what the community desires
A)
1,2,3
B)
1,4
C)
1,2,4
D)
All of the above
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Answer 65

B(1,4).
Visioning is different from planning’s tradition of public meeting goal setting because the goals are typically based on what already exists in the community. It does not look at any of the existing opportunities or constraints n the community. It is a projection of what is desired. Visioning does not require extensive data collection. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Visioning” by Barbara Becker, AICP, Tucson, AZ., Page 66.

Question 66

According to Terry Clark, AICP,PMP, how should a project manager spend his/her time?
A)
Initiating 5%, Planning 35%, Executing 25%, Controlling 25%, Closing 10%
B)
Initiating 15%, Planning 25%, Executing 25%, Controlling 25%, Closing 10%
C)
Initiating 5%, Planning 25%, Executing 35%, Controlling 25%, Closing 10%
D)
Initiating 5%, Planning 35%, Executing 35%, Controlling 15%, Closing 10%
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Answer 66

A(Initiating 5%, Planning 35%, Executing 25%, Controlling 25%, Closing 10%).
In Clark’s book entitled, “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, he talks about how a project manager should spend his/her time. Initiating 5%, Planning 35%, Executing 25%, Controlling 25%, Closing 10%
Source: “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, by Terry A. Clark, AICP, PMP, APA Planners Press, Chicago, IL, 2002, pages 27-18.

Question 67

Management by Objective (MBO) was created by which of the following persons in 1954?
A)
Aaron Wildansky
B)
Bill Gates
C)
Peter Drucker
D)
None of the above
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Answer 67

C(Peter Drucker).
In 1954, Peter Drucker is credited with creating the management technique called MBO (Management by Objective). It is a system that encourages mutual collaboration and cooperation in the achievement of organizational purposes. It is a goal and objective setting process between the administrator and his/her employees. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 68

In zoning, special uses can be described as which of the following?
A)
permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use
B)
allowed by right
C)
legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development
D)
allowed only by a special review
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Answer 68

D(allowed only by a special review).
There are generally three types of categories allowed in permitted land uses, these are described below.
1)Principle uses, these are uses that are allowed by right.
2)Accessory uses, these are land uses that are permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use.
3)Special uses, these are land uses allowed only by a special review. There is another interesting use called Nonconforming use, these are legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development and are a result of changes in the zoning ordinance.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Question 69

According to the US Census Bureau in 2001, what was true about 2 out of 3 American householders?
A)
They refinanced their homes
B)
They purchased new homes
C)
They rented their homes
D)
They owned their homes
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Answer 69

D(They owned their homes).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2002, “Homeownership, Home Sales, Housing Starts - All Rise” by APA’s News and Departments, page 35.The highest proportion since at least 1890, according to the US Census Bureau.

Question 70

You are in the process of interviewing for a summer planning internship at your Planning Department. You have interviewed dozens of potential planners and you have narrowed it down to two potential people with the exact same experience, references and abilities, one is a man and one is a woman. According to the Code of Ethics, which of the following is the BEST option for you?
A)
You should “flip a coin”, basically pick one of them randomly
B)
You should hire the woman
C)
You should hire the man
D)
You should let your staff make the final decision
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Answer 70

B(You should hire the woman).
Answer B, is the BEST option for you. According to the American Planning Association, under Section A: the Principles to which we Aspire 3. Our Responsibility to Our Profession and Colleagues
We shall contribute to the development of, and respect for, our profession by improving knowledge and techniques, making work relevant to solutions of community problems, and increasing public understanding of planning activities.
g) We shall increase the opportunities for members of underrepresented groups to become professional planners and help them advance in the profession.
Source: www.planning.org.

Question 71

What Supreme Court case found that the condition constituted a taking because the dedication did not bear an logical nexus to the harm the government sought to address?
A)
Dolan v. City of Tigard
B)
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission
C)
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council
D)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian
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Answer 71

B(Nollan v. California Coastal Commission).
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission, 483 U.S. 825 (1987).
Nollan sought a permit from the California Coastal Commission to replace a beachfront bungalow with a larger house. Concerned that the larger structure would worsen the visual barrier between the road and the beach, the Commission conditioned the permit on the transfer of a public easement along the beach to enhance access to two nearby public beaches. The Court found that the condition constituted a taking because the dedication did not bear an logical nexus to the harm the Commission sought to address. Source: http://www.communityrights.org

Question 72

What was true about the 1901 New York State Tenement House Law?
1) The legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as the “Dumbbell Tenement.”
2) Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer.
3) Improved ventilation and light.
4) made elevators mandatory for tenements of three or more floors.
A)
1,2,3
B)
All of the above
C)
2,3
D)
1 only
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Answer 72

A(1,2,3).
The 1901 New York State Tenement House Law was the legislative basis for the revision of city codes that outlawed tenements such as the “Dumbbell Tenement.” For this law, Lawrence Veiller was the leading reformer.
Legislation was desperately needed to improve the construction of tenements. To this end, and spurred by the high death rate of the City-which in 1900 stood at 20.57 persons per thousand (compared to 33 persons per thousand in 1866)-the Tenement House Act of 1901 was passed.
Many of Manhattan’s leading physicians drew a link between tuberculosis and congestion in the City’s tenement houses. Physicians attributed 8,000 to 9,000 deaths a year to tuberculosis, mostly in the poorest and most unsanitary neighborhoods of the City. Yet conditions in tenement houses may have been influenced not only by crowding, but also by the construction and use of the tenement itself. Hermann Biggs, the New York City Health Commissioner who waged a campaign against tuberculosis in the late nineteenth century, argued that while population density generally could be considered a good indicator of mortality, this did not always hold true for New York City. Biggs found that “in some of the wards where the density of the population is the greatest the mortality has been below the average, and in other wards with a relatively scarce population the mortality has been extremely high.”
All tenement houses constructed after the passage of the 1901 law were referred to as “new law” tenements. This most recent tenement house legislation reinforced the need for ventilation and light in ameliorating the morbidity and mortality that characterized life in the tenement house districts.
Source:The Living City website.

Question 73

Which of the following best describes a Datum?
A)
The memory of a computer
B)
The signature date on a deed
C)
a line, point, or surface from which elevations are measured or indicated
D)
The decision of a court for the plaintiff
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Answer 73

C(a line, point, or surface from which elevations are measured or indicated).
The correct answer is Datum. A datum is a line, point, or surface from which elevations are measured or indicated. According to the US Geological Survey (USGS) datum is defined as the mean sea level at New York Harbor. Source: “Modern Real Estate Practice in Illinois” Third Edition, Galaty, Allaway, and Kyle, Chicago, Illinois, 1999, Chapter Nine.

Question 74

Which of the following was involved with the sector theory?
A)
Paul Davidoff
B)
Adam Smith
C)
Jacob Riis
D)
Homer Hoyt
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Answer 74

D(Homer Hoyt ).
1939 - Homer Hoyt’s influential “sector theory” of urban structure appears in his monograph, The Structure and Growth of Residential Neighborhoods in American Cities.
Source:www.planning.org

Question 75

You are a planner for the City of Oswego, Illinois. On Friday, a local developer submits a plan for constructing a large development on 20 acres of currently vacant land in an undeveloped area of the City. The land is currently zoned R-1. The developer’s proposal is for multi-family (R-4) housing. The School District has met with your department and expressed serious concerns about single family on that property. The population estimates they use show that they would need to construct a new school if single family homes are constructed there? Should you make a recommendation to approve mult-family units in this area? Assume that it is the same number of units in the multi-family as it would be for single family.
A)
You should recommend to the Council that the proposal be denied based upon the report co-authored by your Department and the School District that shows this development would justify the need for a new school to be constructed, thus resulting in higher taxes.
B)
You should recommend denial of the proposal based upon its projected negative effect on the number of school aged children.
C)
You should recommend denial of the proposal based upon the proposal is a different zoning.
D)
You should recommend to the Council that this development be approved based upon the probability of less school-aged children with this multi-family development.
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Answer 75

D(You should recommend to the Council that this development be approved based upon the probability of less school-aged children with this multi-family development.).
The BEST summary of your recommendation should be D, to recommend approval of the proposed mutli-family development. From the information provided, the fears of the School District for an increase in school aged children may not be as negatively affected by this proposed development. In fact, one could argue that the development would actually be a benefit to the School District. The reason being that historically across the nation, the number of school aged children created as a result of new multi-family residential developments is less than the number created by single family homes. Based upon the information we know, the number of school aged children would be expected to be less. The planner should continue to explore the density being proposed to make sure that there would actually be more children at the end of the day. Therefore, based upon the facts given this development should be recommended for approval.

Question 76

Groundwater can be described as which of the following?
A)
the supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface but above an aquifer or soil that forms the natural reservoir
B)
the supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface and under an aquifer or soil that forms the natural reservoir
C)
the supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface in an aquifer or soil that forms the natural reservoir
D)
None of the above
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Answer 76

C(the supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface in an aquifer or soil that forms the natural reservoir ).
The term groundwater can be defined as the supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface in an aquifer or soil that forms the natural reservoir for our use. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Question 77

“Standard Deviation” can be described as which of the following?
A)
a measure of distribution around the mean
B)
the square root of the variance
C)
the difference between the lowest and highest score
D)
None of the above
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Answer 77

B(the square root of the variance).
Standard Deviation can be described as the root of the variance. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 78

Transportation Demand Management (TDM) involves…
1)building HOV lanes
2)ride sharing
3)encouraging home office
4)using transit
A)
1, 2, 4
B)
1, 2
C)
2, 3, 4
D)
All of the above
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Answer 78

D(All of the above).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. TDM has begun to take the place of capacity expansion as a method to improve roadway operating conditions.

Question 79

What is the name of the generation that was born between 1946 and 1964?
A)
Generation X
B)
Baby Boomer
C)
Generation Y
D)
Echo Boom
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Answer 79

B(Baby Boomer).
It should be kept in mind on demographic types questions, specifically generation questions, that Generation Y are teenagers today that are having as big an effect on the US, as the Baby Boomers. An article is attached in a link about the different generations including the planning related effects of Generation Y (1979-1994 also called Echo Boomers), Generation X’rs, and the Baby Boomers. Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “ The War of the Ages “ by C. Williamson, AICP, page 4.

Question 80

This is a form of citizen participation that can be described as an intensive, interactive problem solving exercise.
A)
Task Force
B)
Charrette
C)
Policy Delphi
D)
Design-In
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Answer 80

B(Charrette).
A charrette can be described as an intensive, interactive problem solving exercise. It is convened around a specific plan(s). Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Citizen Participation in Planning” by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 134.

Question 81

A variance can be described as…
A)
a form of relief from requirements of an ordinance based upon “unnecessary hardships”
B)
an unnecessary hardship on a land owner
C)
something that cannot be granted by a board of adjustment
D)
something that cannont be granted by a board of zoning appeals
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Answer 81

A(a form of relief from requirements of an ordinance based upon “unnecessary hardships”).
Variances are forms of administrative relief from ordinance requirements that are based upon “unnecessary hardships”. They are generally granted by a board of adjustment or board of zoning appeals.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 120.

Question 82

Robert Weaver was….
A)
involved with the Interstate Highway System
B)
the lawyer in the Euclid case
C)
associated with Greenbelt Towns
D)
HUD’s first Secretary
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Answer 82

D(HUD’s first Secretary).
Robert Weaver was HUD’s first Secretary and first African-American cabinet member. In 1965 the Housing and urban policy achieve cabinet status when the Housing and Home Finance Agency is succeeded by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Source:www.planning.org

Question 83

For the 2000 US Census, the short form contained all of the following except which one?
1)tenure
2)name
3)sex
4)age
5)relationship to householder
6)Hispanic origin
7)race
A)
1
B)
5
C)
6
D)
It contained all of the above
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Answer 83

D(It contained all of the above).
Since 1970, the decennial census has been conducted predominately through a mailed questionnaire. There are two types of census questionnaires, the short form and the long form. For the 2000 census, the short-form questionnaire was sent on average to five in six households and collected 100-percent data on tenure, name, sex, age, relationship to householder, Hispanic origin, and race. Also, census enumerators collected data on vacancy status for each vacant housing unit in the United States. Source:http://www.knowledgeplex.org

Question 84

According to the US Census, a Census tract can be described as which of the following?
A)
homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants
B)
homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 40,000 inhabitants
C)
non-homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants
D)
non-homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 40,000 inhabitants
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Answer 84

A(homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants).
According to the US Census, a Census tract is a small, relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a county that is delineated by a local committee of census data users for the purposes of presenting data. Census tract boundaries normally follow visible features, but may follow governmental unit boundaries and other non-visible features. Tracts always lie within counties. Designed to be homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, and economic status at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants. They may be split by any sub-county geographic entity. Source:http://www.census.gov

Question 85

In California, SDREO, stands for which of the following?
A)
Southern Desert Reorganization
B)
Southern Desert Regional Environmental Organization
C)
San Diego Redevelopment Organization
D)
San Diego Regional Energy Office
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Answer 85

D(San Diego Regional Energy Office).
SDREO stands for San Diego Regional Energy Office. This energy office was created in 1996 by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG).
Source: American Planning Association, Planning Magazine, October 2002, “Who’s Got Energy? What Comes to Mind?” by Jim Schwab, AICP, pages 4-7.

Question 86

Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980) dealt with which of the following issues?
A)
taking
B)
zoning
C)
exaction
D)
historic preservation
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Answer 86

A(taking ).
Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980).
The Court rejected the takings challenge to zoning ordinances that allowed the claimants to build between one and five homes on their five-acre parcel of land.
The Court held that there was no facial taking because the ordinances did not deny the landowners all of thier economically viable use of the land and substantially advanced the state’s legitimate interest in preserving open space.
Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Question 87

In 1923, construction began on what planned community, which would foreshadow the New Urbanism movement?
A)
Letchworth
B)
Mariemont, Ohio
C)
Sunnyside Gardens
D)
Radburn, New Jersey
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Answer 87

B(Mariemont, Ohio).
In 1923 construction began at Mariemont, Ohio, in suburban Cincinnati. Mary Emery was its founder and benefactor; John Nolen, the planner. Some of its features (short blocks, mixture of rental and owner-occupied housing) foreshadow the contemporary New Urbanism movement. Source:www.planning.org

Question 88

This Supreme Court Case dealt with the issue that property may be regulated to a certain extent, however, if the regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking.
A)
Pumpelly v. Green Bay Co
B)
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
C)
First English Evangelical Lutheran Church v. County of Los Angeles
D)
Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency
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Answer 88

B(Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon).
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393 (1922).
Pennsylvania Coal sold the surface rights to land, but it reserved the right to remove the coal from under the land. The state then enacted a statute that prohibited coal mining if it threatened subsidence and damage to structures on the surface. It was the first decision to hold that a land use restriction constituted a taking, the Court noted that “property may be regulated to a certain extent, [but] if regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking.” Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Question 89

In financing, what can be described as, “the financing of improvements from current revenues”?
A)
Reserve Funds
B)
Revenue Bonds
C)
General Obligation Bonds
D)
Pay-As-You-Go or Current Revenue
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Answer 89

D(Pay-As-You-Go or Current Revenue).
In financing, “Pay-As-You-Go” or Current Revenue can be described as the financing of improvements from current revenues. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 90

Which of the following can be described as providing resurgence in economically depressed areas?
A)
MBO
B)
Community Reinvestment Act
C)
Brownfields
D)
Sunshine Disclosure Law
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Answer 90

B(Community Reinvestment Act).
The following are some of the main points of the Community Reinvestment Act:
• The CRA brings resurgence in economically depressed areas.
• Community groups have enlisted banks seeking CRA credits to assist them in rebuilding poorer neighborhoods and to provide mortgages and business loans to the people that live there.
• Some say that the CRA is corrupting the economic institutions of society
• The “Sunshine Disclosure Laws” require public disclosure of CRA agreements between the banks and the community groups.
• The CRA makes the banks development partners and encourages banks to give loans to the municipalities.
• Congress passed the CRA in 1977. It was in response to claims that banks were redlining inner city neighborhood’s by drawing a redline around poor areas and turning them down for mortgages and business loans. The CRA addressed this by recognizing that banks have an obligation.
• The Gramma Leach Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act- requires institutions, firms, and brokerages that now have banking privileges to meet CRA standards. This Act requires public disclosure of negotiations between the community groups and the banks over CRA commitments.
Source, APA Planning Magazine, “Promises Made, Promises Kept” by Julie Bennett, pages 4-9, October 2000.

Question 91

PERT can be described as which of the following?
A)
a mathematical technique that is used to find a project’s optimum design solution
B)
used to determine which steps in a project are most critical
C)
a graphic depiction of the interrelationships of the tasks that make up the project.
D)
None of the above
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Answer 91

C(a graphic depiction of the interrelationships of the tasks that make up the project. ).
Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) is a scheduling technique. It graphically depicts the interrelationships of the tasks that make up the project. It is used to help control the cost and time of a project. Five main points of PERT are: 1) focuses of key aspects of program development. 2) Identifies potential problems 3) facilitates evaluation of programming 4) provides a speedy reporting device 5) improves the quality management of the decision-making.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 92

What is the expression given for “double income/ no kids couples”?
A)
DINKC
B)
DI/NKCS
C)
DINKS
D)
DINS
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Answer 92

C(DINKS).
Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, “Monster Houses? No” by Hinshaw, FAICP, page 27. DINKS stands for double income/no kids couples.

Question 93

This administration was created in 1935 by President Roosevelt and created three greenbelt towns.
A)
Planning Administration
B)
Resettlement Administration
C)
Greenbelt Administration
D)
Affordable Housing Administration
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Answer 93

B(Resettlement Administration).
Following the stock market crash of 1929 and the subsequent economic depression, there was great demand both for affordable housing and employment for workers who had lost their jobs. In response the Resettlement Administration, created in 1935 by President Roosevelt, brought about a total of three greenbelt towns: Greenbelt, Maryland; Greenhills, Ohio; and Greendale, Wisconsin. These towns contained many of the elements of the Garden City Movement developments, including the use of superblocks and a “greenbelt” of undeveloped land surrounding the community.

Question 94

What happened at Promontory Point, Utah on May 10, 1869?
A)
The first American football game
B)
The first ski resort was constructed
C)
The Cincinnati Reds played their first away game
D)
the first transcontinental railroad was completed
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Answer 94

D(the first transcontinental railroad was completed).
In 1869 the Union Pacific and the Central Pacific railroads meet at Promontory Point, Utah, on May 10 to complete the first transcontinental railroad. Source:www.planning.org

Question 95

A Strategic Plan involves all of these except….
1)it focuses on a limited issue
2)it helps gather resources and uses them towards the goal
3)it identifies W.O.T.S.
4)it is dictatorial and not an open process.
A)
1 only
B)
4 only
C)
3 only
D)
None of the above
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Answer 95

B(4 only).
Strategic Plans are different than other plans because the process is different. The Plan is more focused, its main purpose is to direct resources to accomplish its goals, and the decisions it is intended to affect are more limited in scope.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Strategic Planning Process” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, South Dakota Department of Transportation, Pierre, SD. Page 63. And, Source: “Strategic Planning: What Every Manager Must Know” by George Steiner, The Free Press, 1979.

Question 96

Negative public reaction was a result of what proposal brought forth by the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation?
A)
A new ferry route
B)
A new bridge across the Hudson River
C)
Six new World Trade Center Proposals
D)
A tunnel under the Hudson River
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Answer 96

C(Six new World Trade Center Proposals).
Source, APA Planning Magazine, September 2002, “Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again” by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 7. A memorial area was part of all six Trade Center proposals presented in July 2002 by the Manhattan Development Corporation. Faced with negative public reaction, they announced in August 2002 that it was launching an international competition for a new design. To create new plans, five teams (architectural and planning) will be selected in September 2002 and public review will be completed by the end of 2002.

Question 97

“Green E” can be described as which of the following?
A)
Electricity that is created using “Green Power”
B)
Cars that are fueled by solar power
C)
voluntary labeling program that began in California to indicate which competitive products are made using “green power”
D)
None of the above
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Answer 97

C(voluntary labeling program that began in California to indicate which competitive products are made using “green power” ).
Green “e” is a voluntary labeling program that began in California to indicate which competitive products use Green Power. The current requirement is that at least 50% of the energy sources be renewable, and that there be no more nuclear power than in the system-wide average for the region. Source:http://www.energyguide.com

Question 98

Jacob Riis wrote which of the following?
A)
Zoning
B)
Image of the City
C)
Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path of Real Reform
D)
How the Other Half Lives
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Answer 98

D(How the Other Half Lives ).
In 1890, “How the Other Half Lives”, by Jacob Riis, is published. This book is an important stimulus to housing and neighborhood reform. Source: www.planning.org

Question 99

What is described as the “entire site”?
A)
Net Land Area
B)
Gross Land Area
C)
Full Parcel Area
D)
Gross Land Available
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Answer 99

B(Gross Land Area).
FAR requirements specify if they apply to net or gross land area. Gross land area is the entire site. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Question 100

Who was involved with the Ladder of Citizen Participation?
A)
Saul Alinsky
B)
Paul Davidoff
C)
Sherry Arnstein
D)
Jean Gottmann
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Answer 100

C(Sherry Arnstein).
In the Ladder of Participation, Arnstein defines citizen participation in terms of the amount of actual control citizens have over policy decisions, classified by 1)the degrees of citizen power, 2) the degrees of tokenism, and 3)non-participation. Source: Planning History Summary, by J. Janson, AICP

Question 101

What is a vertical bore hole in which a pipe-like structure is inserted into the ground?
A)
Capillary Fringe
B)
Artesian Well
C)
Confining Layer
D)
Recharge Area
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Answer 101

B(Artesian Well ).
An artesian well can be defined as a vertical bore hole in which a pipe-like structure is inserted into the ground. This structure withdraws water from a confined aquifer (artesian aquifer).
Source: www.uwsp.edu

Question 102

In planning and budgeting systems, which can be described as having its focus on evaluating and ranking outputs by program?
A)
PPBS
B)
MBO
C)
Capital Budgeting
D)
Project Management
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Answer 102

D(Project Management).
Project Management (PM) was developed in the 1960’s. It is focused on evaluating and then ranking the value of the results (outputs) by program instead of serving up costs (inputs).
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 103

An “accessory dwelling” can be described as which of the following?
A)
When a homeowner converts a portion of their existing structure into a garage
B)
When a homeowner adds a screened in porch to their homes
C)
When a homeowner converts a portion of their existing structure into a second dwelling unit
D)
None of the above
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Answer 103

C(When a homeowner converts a portion of their existing structure into a second dwelling unit ).
Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, “Monster Houses? No” by Hinshaw, FAICP, page 27. A new zoning bylaw allows owners of older homes to convert a portion of their existing structure into a second dwelling unit sometimes called an accessory dwelling unit.

Question 104

What is a confined aquifer?
A)
An aquifer holding water under pressure by a layer above it that does not allow water to pass through.
B)
An aquifer holding water under pressure by a layer below it that does not allow water to pass through.
C)
A saturated zone immediately above the water table where saturation is maintained.
D)
Water that travels laterally or horizontally through the zone of aeration.
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Answer 104

A(An aquifer holding water under pressure by a layer above it that does not allow water to pass through. ).
A confined aquifer is an aquifer that holds water under pressure by a layer above it that does not allow water to pass through. The water level of a well in a confined aquifer will rise above the top of the aquifer due to pressure.
Source: www.uwsp.edu

Question 105

According to the ITE’s “Parking Generation”, based on the ranges of generation factors, industrial has a peak space factor of…..
A)
1.0 - 4.0 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA
B)
1.0 - 5.0 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA
C)
0.67 - 3.5 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA
D)
5.0 - 25.0 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA
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Answer 105

C(0.67 - 3.5 spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, “Parking Generation”, 2nd edition, 1987.

Question 106

This person created a model town for his company and employees that was eight miles south of Chicago.
A)
James McMillan
B)
George Pullman
C)
John Wesley Powell
D)
Gifford Pinchot
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Answer 106

B(George Pullman).
George Pullman (1831-1897), railroad tycoon and inventor of the Pullman railroad car, was also a social inventor. In Pullman, Illinois, his model company town, he tried to combine the industrialist’s need for efficiency with the worker’s need for a decent home. The experiment failed partly because Pullman tried to regulate the private lives of his tenants and partly because of the economic problems that engulfed the project during the depression of the 1890s. When built, Pullman was a free-standing town eight miles south of Chicago; it is now incorporated into the city and remains virtually intact. Source, www.planning.org

Question 107

Developer James Rouse (1914-1996) was founder of _______ , one of the most successful new towns built in the United States after WWII.
A)
Forest Hills Gardens, New York
B)
Columbia, Maryland
C)
Letchworth
D)
Radburn, New Jersey
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Answer 107

B(Columbia, Maryland).
Columbia now has more than 83,000 residents and 2,500 businesses and industries. After retiring from the Rouse Company in 1981, James Rouse devoted his time to the Enterprise Foundation, a nonprofit organization that has helped produce over 61,000 units of housing for the poor. Columbia, Maryland is situated about halfway between Washington and Baltimore, featuring some class integration and the neighborhood principle. LB Source: www.planning.org

Question 108

A lagoon can be described as which of the following?
A)
a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater
B)
the supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface in an aquifer or soil that forms the natural reservoir
C)
areas where the fresh water meets salt water
D)
an underground bed or stratum of earth, gravel or porous stone that contains water
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Answer 108

A(a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater ).
A Lagoon is a shallow pond where sunlight, bacterial action, and oxygen work to purify wastewater and is also used for storage of wastewater or spent nuclear fuel rods. A lagoon can also be described as a shallow body of water that is often separated from the sea by coral reefs or sandbars. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Question 109

What 1961 book critiques the planning profession and planners?
A)
Image of the City, by Kevin Lynch
B)
Carrying Out the City Plan, by Flavel Shurtleff
C)
How the Other Half Lives, by Jacob Riis
D)
The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs
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Answer 109

D(The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs).
The 1961 book, “The Death and Life of Great American Cities”, by Jane Jacobs includes a critique of planning and planners.

Question 110

According to Terry Clark, AICP, which are the key points to writing a WBS?
A. Keep the deliverable in mind
B. Use a simple numbering system
C. Its size and complexity is determined by the project
D. Start general and work to more specific
A)
A, C
B)
B only
C)
A, D
D)
All of the above
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Answer 110

D(All of the above).
In Clark’s book entitled, “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, he discusses a technique called Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) which is used to be a more detailed way to describe the project in the planning process of the project. The WBS uses a logical structure to define various levels of detail. Here are the key points to keep in mind when writing a WBS:
Keep the deliverable in mind
Start general and work to more specific
Use the verb and object format
Have statements that are short and precise
Apply a consistent and simple numbering system.
Its size and complexity is determined by the project
It identifies all the work that must be performed to meet objectives and only necessary tasks.
Source: “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, by Terry A. Clark, AICP, PMP, APA Planners Press, Chicago, IL, 2002, pages 46-48.

Question 111

This can be described as the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency.
A)
Mean
B)
Median
C)
Mode
D)
Range
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Answer 111

C(Mode).
The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The “mean” is the average of a series of numbers. The “median” is the value of a distribution which divides the distribution into two equal parts. The “Mode” is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The “Range” is the difference between the lowest and highest score. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 112

What is the size of a standard stall for a full size car in a parking structure?
A)
7 feet by 18 - 20 feet
B)
9 feet by 18 - 20 feet
C)
9 feet by 14 - 18 feet
D)
9 feet by 17 - 18 feet
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Answer 112

B(9 feet by 18 - 20 feet).
According to Richard Rich and Michael Moukalian in “Dimensions of Parking”, in the chapter on the Design Structure, full size cars require stalls from 9 feet in width to 18 and 20 feet in length, while smaller cars can fit in 7.5 to 8 feet by 15-16 feet in length. Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159.

Question 113

On average, what changed from 1,500 square feet in 1970, to 2,266 square feet in 2000?
A)
the size of a parking lot
B)
the size of a subdivision lot
C)
the size of a new home
D)
the size of a new septic bed
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Answer 113

C(the size of a new home).
Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, “Monster Houses? Yes” by Lang and Danielson, page 24. This is a trend in the housing industry throughout the country. One can look at “teardowns” in older neighborhoods, where the largest homes allowed on the lot are being built.

Question 114

A Transportation Systems Management would involve all of these except:
1)Signals at freeway on ramps
2)Changeable speed sings
3)Changeable message signs
4)the construction of a new freeway
A)
1
B)
2
C)
4
D)
None of the above
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Answer 114

C(4).
A TSM action is not the construction of a new freeway, but it may be the use of a freeway shoulder as an added traffic lane during peak traffic flow conditions. TSM examples include using traffic signals at freeway on-ramps to meter traffic, improving existing signal timings, and using changeable message signs (ahead traffic condition information), lane control signs, and changeable speed signs. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Question 115

In 1928, the US Department of Commerce issued what act?
A)
Standard State Zoning Enabling Act
B)
Homestead Act
C)
Standard City Planning Enabling Act
D)
None of the above
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Answer 115

C(Standard City Planning Enabling Act).
In 1928, under Herbert Hoover, the US Department of Commerce issued the Standard City Planning Enabling Act.

Question 116

Transferable Development Rights (TDRs) can be described as…
A)
cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards
B)
establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use
C)
allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner
D)
allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created
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Answer 116

C(allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner).
Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from “taking over” another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design as well as flexibility in density and dimensional requirements. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements “on top” of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. (e.g.: density bonus) 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. (in the case of some historic buildings for example) Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Question 117

The Indian Reorganization Act’s main provisions are:
1) to restore to Native Americans management of their assets (mostly land)
2) to prevent further depletion of reservation resources
3) to return to the Native Americans local self-government on a tribal basis
4) an attempt to secure new rights for Native Americans on reservations
A)
1 only
B)
1,2
C)
1,2,3
D)
All of the above
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Answer 117

D(All of the above).
The Act’s legislation was passed in 1934 in an attempt to secure new rights for Native Americans on reservations. Its main provisions were to restore to Native Americans management of their assets (mostly land); to prevent further depletion of reservation resources; to build a sound economic foundation for the people of the reservations; and to return to the Native Americans local self-government on a tribal basis. The objectives of the bill were pursued until the outbreak of World War II.
Source:http://www.slider.com

Question 118

According to the ITE’s “Parking Generation”, based on the ranges of generation factors, medical centers have a peak space factor of…..
A)
0.05 - 1.0 spaces per employee
B)
1.0 - 2.0 spaces per employee
C)
0.75 - 1.0 spaces per employee
D)
0.10 - 0.75 spaces per employee
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Answer 118

D(0.10 - 0.75 spaces per employee).
Medical centers have a peak space factor of 0.1-0.75 spaces per employee. The source for this table is ITE, “Parking Generation”, 2nd edition, 1987. Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors.

Question 119

According to the ITE’s “Parking Generation”, which of the following has a peak parking space factor of 0.5 - 3.0 parking spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of GLA?
A)
an office
B)
a shopping center
C)
a restaurant
D)
a medical center
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Answer 119

A(an office ).
An office typically has a peak parking space factor of 0.5 - 3.0 parking spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of Gross Leaseable Area (GLA).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, “Parking Generation”, 2nd edition, 1987.

Question 120

Which of the following could describe the term “Earned Value”?
A)
the budgeted cost of work scheduled
B)
the profit made on the project
C)
what the project should be bid at
D)
a method for measuring the progress of a project against the plan
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Answer 120

D(a method for measuring the progress of a project against the plan ).
Earned Value (EV) is a method for measuring the progress of a project against the plan. EV gives a standard way to determine if there is any variance between where you are supposed to be in the project, and where you actually are. The EV will tell you if there is a substantial difference or not. This will dictate if you need to take action to correct the variance. The job of the planner as project manager is to decide if the variance is large enough to take action, and what that action should be.
Source: “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, by Terry A. Clark, AICP, PMP, APA Planners Press, Chicago, IL, 2002, pages 86-89.

Question 121

What is the name of the subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores?
A)
Saturated Fringe
B)
Capillary Saturated Zone
C)
Capillary Fringe
D)
Saturated Table
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Answer 121

C(Capillary Fringe ).
The capillary fringe is the subsurface layer in which groundwater seeps up from a water table by capillary action to fill pores. Pores at the base of the capillary fringe are filled with water due to tension saturation.
Source. www.wikipdedia.org.

Question 122

Sir Raymond Unwin designed which of the following?
A)
Radburn, NJ
B)
Hampstead Garden
C)
Riverside, IL
D)
All of the above
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Answer 122

B(Hampstead Garden).
Source, www. York.ac.uk. Unwin, Sir Raymond
1863-1940, was an English architect and town planner. He designed the first English garden city near Letchworth, the New Earwick development in Yorkshire, and Hampstead Garden suburb near London. He lectured on housing and city planning at the Univ. of Birmingham (1911-14) and at Columbia Univ. (1936-40). His Town Planning in Practice (1909) is a standard work in its field. Another interesting fact is that Unwin was knighted in 1932.
In 1940 Unwin Died at the summer home of his daughter , Mrs. Curtice Hitchcock at Old Lyme, Connecticut on June 28th at the age of 76.

Question 123

What is “Cash Out Free Parking”?
A)
A parking space that costs more, but allows a person to exit more quickly.
B)
A program offering commuters the cash equivalent of subsidized parking provided they use another means of transportation.
C)
A program offering commuters subsidized parking.
D)
An incentive program that permits higher densities, provided the development creates additional parking areas to address parking shortages near a transit station.
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Answer 123

B(A program offering commuters the cash equivalent of subsidized parking provided they use another means of transportation.).
“Cashing Out parking means that commuters who are offered subsidized parking are also offered the cash equivalent if they use alternative travel modes. This tends to reduce automobile commuting by 15-25%, and is fairer since it gives non-drivers benefits comparable to those offered motorists (Source: www.vtpi.org - Victoria Transport Policy Institute).”

Question 124

Which budgeting technique has been used for over fifty years and has stand-alone packages or programs?
A)
CIP
B)
PPBS
C)
Capital Budgeting
D)
PM
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Answer 124

C(Capital Budgeting).
Capital budgeting has been used for over fifty years and uses more sophisticated analysis techniques in the recent years. It has stand-alone packages or programs. Each package describes the what, the cost, who will benefit, and any possible alternatives. The projects can be ranked quickly and objectively. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 125

Which of the following would BEST describe a statistical diagram drawn that lets you plot data points based on two independent variables?
A)
GIS
B)
Lexus/Nexus
C)
Scatter
D)
PERT
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Answer 125

C(Scatter ).
A scatter graph lets you plot data points based on two independent variables.
Source: www.graphicsserver.com

Question 126

This Federal Court Case established the constitutional right of cities to set building heights by certain districts.
A)
Eubank v. City of Richmond (1912)
B)
Welch v. Swasey (1909)
C)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915)
D)
Thomas Cusak v. City of Chicago (1917)
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Answer 126

B(Welch v. Swasey (1909)).
Welch v. Swasey, 214 US 91 (1909) established this constitutional right for cities. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 123.

Question 127

What is the expression given when leaving behind assumptions of growth and finding alternatives to it?
A)
New Urbanism
B)
Smart Decline
C)
Rational Planning
D)
Alternative Planning
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Answer 127

B(Smart Decline ).
Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “Small Can Be Beautiful” by Popper and Popper, page 20. This is what planners can do when communities begin to shrink rather than grow. Smart decline requires thinking about who and what remains.

Question 128

This type of power comes from deep beneath the earth where hot magma heats the underlying water or steam which is then converted into electricity.
A)
Nuclear
B)
Geothermal
C)
Natural Gas
D)
Biomass
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Answer 128

B(Geothermal).
Geothermal power comes from deep beneath the earth’s surface where hot magma (Dr. Evil anyone?) heats the underlying water or steam which is converted into electricity. Geothermal resources vary in temperature. Low-to moderate temperature (20°C to 150°C) geothermal resources are used to provide direct heat for homes and industry, while the high temperature (above 150°C) geothermal resources are used in electric power generation.
Source: http://www.energyguide.com

Question 129

How many basic conflict points are there at a modern roundabout?
A)
None
B)
4
C)
8
D)
16
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Answer 129

D(16).
Roundabouts or traffic circles are considered to be the most attractive and safest forms of traffic controls in the world. “Roundabouts slow all vehicles, provide refuge for pedestrians, and are the only traffic control devices that can elegantly accommodate trees and plant material, bubbling fountains or sparkling statues.”
Roundabouts have 16 basic conflict points (8 vehicle to vehicle conflict points and 8 vehicle to pedestrian conflict points). A typical 4-way intersection has 56 basic conflict points (32 vehicle to vehicle conflict points and 24 vehicle to pedestrian conflict points).
Source: Landscape Architect & Specifier News, February 1998, Pages 42-43.

Question 130

This planning movement had the following deficiencies, it catered to the upper class and needed public investment for its parks and boulevards, and this was not always available to cities.
A)
City Efficient
B)
City Humane
C)
City Beautiful
D)
City Functional
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Answer 130

C(City Beautiful ).
Some of the deficiencies of the City Beautiful Movement are that it catered to an upper class, it’s beautification and adornment had limited practicality, and public investment was needed for its parks and boulevards, and this was not always available to cities. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning History Summary” by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 70.

Question 131

You are a Planner for Wainfleet, New York, and you are attending the Mayor’s Annual Luncheon on the State of the City and you bump into a private developer that you went to college with. She tells you about an exciting retail development and movie theater complex that she wants to build in Wainfleet. She offers you the opportunity to invest in the development. Which is the best option below for you to follow knowing that the development will come before your department for review?
A)
You should put the investment in your husbands name and invest in the development.
B)
You should disclose your investment with your boss, the director, and once they give their approval you should invest.
C)
Invest in the development and when it comes before your department for review, exclude yourself from dealing with the project and have your staff make the recommendations for or against the development.
D)
Although it seems like an exciting opportunity you should decline the opportunity.
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Answer 131

D(Although it seems like an exciting opportunity you should decline the opportunity.).
According to the Planning Code of Ethics the best thing to do in this situation is to decline the opportunity and say no to investing in this development. One of the main thoughts that the APA is trying to make very clear to planners is to stay out of potentially unfavorable situations that could be construed as being unethical. In answer A, you should remember that, as in this example, your husbands financial interests are also your own. In answer B, your Director or boss should not give you permission to invest in this development. In answer C, your staff may recommend the development or show some sort of favoritism because they know that you are involved in its success or failure. Answer D, is the best on the four possible actions. Source: www.planning.org.

Question 132

PPBS (Planning, Programming, and Budgeting Systems) can be described as which of the following?
A)
program-orientated with long-range projections that emphasizes planning not budgeting
B)
program-orientated with long-range projections that emphasizes budgeting not planning
C)
program-orientated with short-range projections that emphasizes planning not budgeting
D)
program-orientated with short-range projections that emphasizes budgeting not planning
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Answer 132

A(program-orientated with long-range projections that emphasizes planning not budgeting).
PPBS was developed in the 1960’s. There are three main points of this budgeting technique. The first, it is organized by program instead of functional objects. The second, PPBS extends programs out into the future to look at the spending implications. And the third, all of the programs are put through quantitative analysis. A key point to remember, PPBS is focused on planning, not budgeting. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 133

These can be defined as small scale, mostly pre-fabricated, secondary sewage treatment facilities.
A)
cluster development
B)
zero discharge standards
C)
sewage treatment plant
D)
package sewage treatment plants
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Answer 133

D(package sewage treatment plants ).
Package Sewage Treatment Plants are small scale, mostly pre-fabricated, secondary treatment facilities and are used in areas not connected to mains sewers such as small townships. With stricter wastewater standards being introduced, most regional and national authorities will not permit a septic tank system for more than a single dwelling. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 148.

Question 134

Frank Lloyd Wright wrote….
A)
The Urban General Plan 1964
B)
The Good City 1963
C)
Broadacre City: A New Community Plan 1935
D)
The Intelligence of Democracy 1965
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Answer 134

C(Broadacre City: A New Community Plan 1935).
This plan had varied lot sizes with the family (minimum per acre). Its main problems were that its agrarian romantic ideas did not work, it failed to consider the economic facts and social revolutions, and also, it only accommodated the rich.

Question 135

“Tile field, deep trench, and sandmound” can be connected to which of the following tests?
A)
Asbestos
B)
Geotechnical
C)
Percolation
D)
None of the above
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Answer 135

C(Percolation ).
There are three types of conventional percolation tests: Tile field, Deep trench, and Sandmound. A percolation test is a measure the rate clear water seeps into the soil from a standard test hole. The suitability of soil for the subsurface disposal of sewage is determined by its physical characteristics and percolation rates. Physical characteristics include percentage of rock, evidence of groundwater, and depth to rock and/or groundwater. Source: www.car.lib.md.us

Question 136

VMT stands for…
A)
Vehicle miles of travel
B)
Vehicular Management for Transportation
C)
Vehicle miles of transportation
D)
Vehicular Monitors for Traffic
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Answer 136

A(Vehicle miles of travel ).
Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT) is a computed measure of vehicular mobility obtained from travel inventories.
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 154.

Question 137

This agreement began on January 1, 1994, with the intention of fostering trade and investment.
A)
NEFTA
B)
NAFTA
C)
China Agreement
D)
The International shipping and transportation Agreement
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Answer 137

B(NAFTA).
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among U.S., Canada and Mexico begins on January 1, 1994, its purpose is to foster trade and investment among the three nations by removing or lowering non-tariff as well as tariff barriers.
Source: www.planning.org

Question 138

As the manager of a planning project, it is important to monitor the project and calculating the Cost Variance is one of the tools available. Which of the following formulas would provide you with the Cost Variance?
A)
PV + AC = CV
B)
AC – PV = CV
C)
PV – AC = CV
D)
AC / PV = CV
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Answer 138

C(PV – AC = CV ).
The Cost Variance (CV) measures the difference between the budgeted cost of work scheduled (Planned Value, or PV) and what has actually been spent to this point (Actual Cost, or AC). If the CV is positive it indicates that the project is on course. However, if the CV is negative, this tells us that there may be a problem.
Source: “Project Management for Planners: A Practical Guide”, by Terry A. Clark, AICP, PMP, APA Planners Press, Chicago, IL, 2002, pages 86-89.

Question 139

What is the wettest City in the United States (measured rainfall)?
A)
San Francisco
B)
Seattle
C)
New Orleans
D)
Buffalo
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Answer 139

C(New Orleans).
Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2001, “Non-tourist’s Guide to New Orleans by Coleman Warner, pages 4-11. New Orleans is the wettest city in the U.S with an average annual rainfall of 58 inches, and the only city below sea level. In 1718, the first French Settlers began building a 3’ high levee, today there are more than 130 miles of levees.

Question 140

This can be described as the difference between the lowest and highest score.
A)
mean
B)
median
C)
mode
D)
range
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Answer 140

D(range).
The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The “mean” is the average of a series of numbers. The “median” is the value of a distribution which divides the distribution into two equal parts. The “Mode” is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The “Range” is the difference between the lowest and highest score. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 141

The 1956 Federal Highway Act…
1)was created by Congress
2)created the interstate highway system
3) created the interstate highway system that linked all State Capitals and most cities over 50,000 population
4)focused on creating tollway stations and tollway off ramps.
A)
1,2,4
B)
1,2,3
C)
1,3,4
D)
All of the above
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Answer 141

B(1,2,3).
In 1956 Congress passed the multibillion dollar Federal Aid Highway Act to create interstate highway system linking all State Capitals and most cities of 50,000 population or more. Source:www.planning.org

Question 142

What year was the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) passed?
A)
1989
B)
1991
C)
1995
D)
1970
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Answer 142

B(1991).
In 1991, the Passage of Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) was passed. It includes provisions for a National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes a historic preservation component. Source:www.planning.org

Question 143

A township Square is used in described land in the Government Survey method, how big is a township square?
A)
There is no standard size for a township square
B)
6 Square miles
C)
36 Square miles
D)
1 Square mile
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Answer 143

C(36 Square miles).
The correct answer is 36 Square Miles. At the intersection of the Township lines and the vertical range lines, there are squares that form. These are called Township Squares and are 6 miles by 6 miles and therefore contain 36 square miles. Also, each township contains 36 sections. Each section is one square mile (640 acres). Section 1 is always in the northeast corner, and Section 16 was reserved for the school so that it would be centrally located. Source : “Modern Real Estate Practice in Illinois” Third Edition, Galaty, Allaway, and Kyle, Chicago, Illinois, 1999, Chapter Nine.

Question 144

Between 1997 and 2001, which of the following is true about Transit Use in the United States?
A)
Transit Use increased 20%
B)
Transit Use increased 5%
C)
Transit Use decreased 20%
D)
Transit Use decreased 5%
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Answer 144

A(Transit Use increased 20%).
Increased investment in transit has begun to pay off in ridership trends in the United States. Between 1997 and 2001, transit use increased 20 percent. In comparison, this was outpacing a 12 percent growth in driving during this period.
Source: Multifamily Trends - Winter 2005 - Features
The Match Game: Bringing Together Affordable Housing and Transit Villages: By Marilee Utter
Source: http://www.uli.org

Question 145

TDM stands for…
A)
Transit Demand Management
B)
Transit Determined by Municipality
C)
Transportation Demand Management
D)
Transportation Determined by Measurables
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Answer 145

C(Transportation Demand Management).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. TDM has begun to take the place of capacity expansion as a method to improve roadway operating conditions. TDM involves strategies such as encouraging HOV vehicles, building HOV lanes, encouraging home office, transit use, ride sharing, and alternative modes of transportation.