P Exam 3

Question 1

A person was making and selling beer. However, the state had a law prohibiting the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquor. The person was arrested, but took the case to the U.S. Supreme Court claiming that this is an infringement of his ______________ amendment rights. The court found in Mugler v. Kansas that the state law does not infringe on his right because it is an exercise of the state’s police powers.Select one:a. 1st amendment
b. 14th amendment
c. 5th amendment
d. 17th amendment

Answer 1

Mugler claimed that his due process rights had been violated.The correct answer is: 14th amendment

Question 2

A public forum is planned in a community with a significant number of disabled and elderly residents. As a planner, what is the first step you should take to lower accessibility barriers?a. Circulate a survey before the meeting asking residents to describe their ideal access accommodations
b. Ensure the location has adequate ramp and elevator access
c. Schedule the meeting for earlier in the day
d. Hire a sign language interpreter for the forum.

Answer 2

All the following can be adequate steps to ensure accessibility for disabled and elderly planning participants, but planners should not assume the accessibility needs of participants. Rather, planners have a responsibility to have a dialogue with participants about which accommodations are necessary or helpful.The correct answer is: Circulate a survey before the meeting asking residents to describe their ideal access accommodations

Question 3

Which of these policy measures is not appropriate to address gentrification?a. Encourage equitable development.
b. Conduct social impact assessments to evaluate development plans and proposals.
c. Revitalizing the neighborhood by developing additional green space.
d. Mitigate potential outcomes of gentrification, including quality-of-life concerns.

Answer 3

The other choices are all recommended by APA as policy measures for addressing gentrification. Taking a comprehensive approach to mitigation, conducting social impact assessments, and encouraging equitable development all offer ways of protecting the quality-of-life in the community and giving residents the opportunity to participate in designing their future.The correct answer is: Revitalizing the neighborhood by developing additional green space.

Question 4

_____________ is a doctrine in which a person in possession of land owned by another person may acquire title to it as long as common law requirements are met and that person is in possession of the property for a sufficient period of time.Select one:a. Prescriptive easement
b. Taking
c. Nuisance
d. Adverse possession

Answer 4

Adverse possession is as described. The common law requirements might vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction but typically involve the continuous occupation of a property. The owner is aware that a trespasser has been in possession of the property, among other requirements.The correct answer is: Adverse possession

Question 5

The city of Austin is considering creating an urban rail system. The City Council is considering putting forward a bond election in November. The City Council wants to get a read on the community to determine whether the public would support a bond initiative. Which of the following techniques would be most effective in getting a read on how the public might vote?Select one:a. Telephone Survey
b. Advisory Plebiscite
c. Beneficiary Assessment
d. Interviews

Answer 5

A Plebiscite is a direct vote on an issue.The correct answer is: Advisory Plebiscite

Question 6

As a planner for a large retirement community in Florida, you have noted a substantial increase in the population over the age of 85. As you are updating the comprehensive plan, you are reconsidering the city’s land use strategy with a goal of promoting aging in place. Which of the following recommendations would be least appropriate to include?Select one:a. Increase areas zoned for nursing homes and assisted living facilities
b. Legalize secondary housing units in single family residential districts
c. Work to increase transit services, particularly services for the aging and disabled
d. Integrate universal design standards into the zoning ordinance

Answer 6

All of these are appropriate, with the exception of areas zoned for nursing homes. Aging in place means allowing one to stay in one’s own home. See the APA Policy Guide on Aging in Community.The correct answer is: Increase areas zoned for nursing homes and assisted living facilities

Question 7

Which of the following is a fifth amendment case?Select one:a. Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo
b. Renton v. Playtime Theaters
c. Metromedia v. City of San Diego
d. Agins v. City of Tiburon

Answer 7

Agins v. Tiburon is a fifth amendment case that relates to takings.The correct answer is: Agins v. City of Tiburon

Question 8

According to the newest revision of AICP Code of Ethics and Personal Conduct, planners have a responsibility to…a. remain reachable and ready to discuss their pending decisions on planning issues in any capacity with planning participants.
b. seek to build communities that directly benefit themselves as a sign of trust in the community.
c. significantly change their public opinion on planning issues to suit the needs of new clients.
d. improve planning knowledge and increase public understanding of planning activities.

Answer 8

Planners have a duty to act in the best interest of the public, but it is important for planners to maintain boundaries with community participants in the planning process. The AICP Code of Ethics and Personal Conduct forbids planners from making decisions that directly and unfairly benefit (financially especially) themselves or their personal relations.The correct answer is: improve planning knowledge and increase public understanding of planning activities.

Question 9

The city’s Department of Development includes a mix of administrative and unionized professionals. The union is dissatisfied with the implementation of the current contract and has filed complaints arguing that the city is not upholding the requirements of the contract. The contract has moved into __________ hearings to come to a resolution.Select one:a. Mediation
b. Negotiation
c. Consensus
d. Arbitration

Answer 9

Arbitration is a form of dispute resolution. In arbitration, an independent third party makes a judicial determination of a dispute. Arbitration is commonly used in union contract disputes.The correct answer is: Arbitration

Question 10

Which type of tax is based on the assessed value of a property?Select one:a. Transfer tax
b. Property tax
c. Personal property tax
d. Sales tax

Answer 10

A property tax is based on the assessed value of real property, including land and improvements.The correct answer is: Property tax

Question 11

This type of map is used as the starting point for many planning projects and shows the essential natural or man-determined features of an area:Select one:a. Geographic information systems map
b. Topographic map
c. Contour map
d. Base map

Answer 11

This type of map is known as a base map.The correct answer is: Base map

Question 12

As a planner for a non-governmental organization, you recently undertook a beneficiary assessment. Your supervisor has asked for an explanation for why you chose to undertake this participatory technique. You say you chose it…Select one:a. To ensure that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how the project will affect them.
b. To ensure that the plan being prepared will represent the goals of the community.
c. To ensure that ethical work is being conducted.
d. To ensure compliance with federal laws.

Answer 12

Beneficiary assessments are used by the World Bank and other development organizations to make sure that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how a project will affect them, particularly the poor and those without political power. The technique solicits qualitative information about the development activity. This can include interviews, focus groups, and participant observations.The correct answer is: To ensure that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how the project will affect them.

Question 13

Which of the following is a responsibility of the Board of Zoning Adjustments?Select one:a. Reviewing variance requests
b. Reviewing rezoning requests
c. Reviewing final plats
d. All of the above

Answer 13

The Board of Zoning Adjustments is responsible for quasi-judicial actions, such as variances. Rezonings and plats are reviewed by the planning commission.The correct answer is: Reviewing variance requests

Question 14

Which of the following statements about community benefits agreements (CBAs) are not accurate?a. Agreements might not be enforceable if the coalitions who signed them dissolve after signing.
b. Agreements cannot promise local hiring quotas.
c. Agreements can be private contracts or contracts enforced by local governments.
d. Agreements must be related to one specific development project.

Answer 14

Several CBAs have used local hiring as one of the enumerated benefits agreed upon by developers and community groups, notably including one of the first CBAs, an agreement between Staples Center developers and Los Angeles residents.The correct answer is: Agreements cannot promise local hiring quotas.

Question 15

Census areas range in size, from a block at the smallest end of the range. From a statistical perspective, what is the value of larger census areas? Select one:a. a smaller sample size is needed
b. complete population information
c. there is no advantage, since all census areas use the same statistical tabulation method
d. larger sample size and larger number of variables

Answer 15

On most variables, larger census areas have the advantage of providing a larger sample size and a larger number of variables. The answer “complete population information” is incorrect because all census areas, from blocks on up, have complete population data (not samples) in terms of head count.The correct answer is: larger sample size and larger number of variables

Question 16

Charles Lindblom is associated with which of the following planning theories?Select one:a. Incremental
b. Rational
c. Mixed scanning
d. Radical

Answer 16

Charles Lindblom explained his Incrementalism Theory––decision-making as a strategy of disjointed incrementalism or “mutual adjustment”––in the 1965 book, The Intelligence of Democracy.The correct answer is: Incremental

Question 17

The residents and businesses on the northwest side of the city have grown increasingly concerned over growing vacancies in the shopping centers in this community. They have come to the city asking for help in reimagining what their commercial main street could be. You have decided to use an intensive, interactive problem-solving session, focusing on the commercial main street. You have chosen to use a:Select one:a. Focus group
b. Delphi
c. Charrette
d. Public hearing

Answer 17

A charrette is a type of participatory planning process that assembles an interdisciplinary team—typically consisting of planners, citizens, city officials, architects, landscape architects, transportation engineers, parks and recreation officials, and other stakeholders—to create a design and implementation plan for a specific project. It differs from a traditional community consultation process in that it is design-based. In addition, charrettes are usually compressed into a short period of time, unlike traditional planning exercises that can take a long time to be finalized.The correct answer is: Charrette

Question 18

Which kind of map would work best to represent the percentage of residents below the poverty line in each Census tract?a. Heat map
b. Dot density map
c. Choropleth map
d. Parcel map

Answer 18

Choropleth maps are the best way to link statistical data to discrete geographic areas using different colors or shades of the same color.The correct answer is: Choropleth map

Question 19

What is the difference between a Council of Governments (CoG) and a Regional Council?Select one:a. CoGs have more authority
b. CoGs are not truly regional
c. There is essentially no difference
d. Regional Councils have more authority

Answer 19

There isn’t really a difference. The terms Regional Council (RC) and Council of Governments (COG) are generally interchangeable. They might also be called regional planning commissions, regional commissions, or planning districts.The correct answer is: There is essentially no difference

Question 20

What does the smallest time frame possible to use a cohort survival method to project the population depend on:Select one:a. The age interval of survival rates
b. The census years
c. The median age of the population
d. The birth rate of the population

Answer 20

Five years is the smallest time frame using a cohort survival method of population analysis. The Cohort Survival Projection Method is a method for forecasting future population based upon the survival of the existing population and the births that will occur. This method can be applied for any period of time, but it typically it involves five-year increments. It would give the population five years ahead, or when applied twice, it would give the population ten years ahead. For five year projections, the base year population must be given by five-year age groups.The correct answer is: The age interval of survival rates

Question 21

Communicative theory emphasizes that the plannerSelect one:a. negotiate and build consensus
b. be very technical
c. encourage separate land uses
d. take a top down approach to planning

Answer 21

Bringing stakeholders to the table to build consensus is a cornerstone of communicative planning.The correct answer is: negotiate and build consensus

Question 22

Members of the planning commission are hearing complaints about an increase in crime in one of your city’s most diverse neighborhoods. One commissioner is convinced that the best way to deal with this increase would be to send plain-clothes police officers into the neighborhood. As a community planner, what would you advise?Select one:a. To be effective, that strategy needs to be paired with video surveillance
b. That strategy is effective for building local ties, since uniformed officers are threatening
c. Community policing is about building local ties; plain-clothes officers might conflict with that goal
d. That strategy has proven to be essential for community-based policing

Answer 22

Community policing is increasingly seen as an effective strategy in crime prevention. The goal is for police officers to build ties and partnerships and work closely with members of the community. Using plain-clothes officers is likely to be counterproductive to building such relationships.The correct answer is: Community policing is about building local ties; plain-clothes officers might conflict with that goal

Question 23

Which of the following would likely not be included as an element of a comprehensive plan?
Select one:a. Demographics
b. All of these would be included in a comprehensive plan
c. Implementation Schedule
d. Revised zoning ordinance

Answer 23

All states either allow or require local governments to prepare comprehensive plans. However, there is no consensus about what, precisely, constitutes a comprehensive plan. A zoning ordinance is something that implements a comprehensive plan as opposed to being part of it. Demographics would likely be part of an existing conditions section of the plan. An Implementation Schedule is also a common feature of the comprehensive plan. In California, the “elements” of a comprehensive plan have a more specific meaning, but this question does not indicate that it pertains to California.The correct answer is: Revised zoning ordinance

Question 24

You have decided to use a software package called STELLA for water resources modeling in a river basin. In a memo to your director, you discuss the use of STELLA as an example of:Select one:a. Computer-Aided Negotiation
b. Participatory Technology Assessment
c. Plebiscite
d. Groupware

Answer 24

Computer-Aided Negotiation allows for models to be quickly developed and allows participants to search for alternatives that can best meet the needs of interested parties.The correct answer is: Computer-Aided Negotiation

Question 25

You plan to post a video of a recent City Council meeting on Facebook to share with the public. What should you do if you are concerned about whether a social media post is a public record according to the Sunshine Laws?a. Post; social media posts are considered public record.
b. Don’t post; social media posts are not considered public record.
c. Unclear; consult state and local regulations to determine if social media posts are considered public record.
d. Unclear; it depends on the content of the City Council meeting.

Answer 25

Whether social media posts are considered public record is a matter of state and local regulations around noticing and records retention. You should consult these regulations if you are concerned about whether a social media post is an appropriate place to post the video of a recent City Council meeting.The correct answer is: Unclear; consult state and local regulations to determine if social media posts are considered public record.

Question 26

You are an urban planner in a large metropolitan city with a large income disparity. The city’s Master Plan has committed to increasing green space access in low-income neighborhoods throughout the city. Your department is tasked with identifying five potential sites for a new park in neighborhoods at least 20 percent below the city’s median income. Before deciding on final locations, you notice that three of the five potential sites listed are in the same neighborhood that would not be called low-income by most city residents. As you examine further, you notice two things. First, the median income data used for these three sites was 15 years older than the income data used for the other two sites in different neighborhoods, and therefore inaccurate. Secondly, these proposed sites were within walking distance from the department director’s house. Additionally, your department director sits on the board of her neighborhood association. You feel your department director has violated the AICP Code of Ethics and Personal Conduct. What do you do?a. Contact your Ethics Officer for the best course of action.
b. Report the situation to the mayor, a huge proponent of green space access and the new Master Plan.
c. Report the situation to the local media.
d. Address the situation directly with your employer.

Answer 26

According to the conflict of interest section of AICP’s Rules of Conduct, planners shall not perform work on a project for a client or employer if, in addition to the agreed upon compensation from their client or employer, there is a possibility for direct personal or financial gain to us, their family members, or persons living in our household. To address this issue and find the right next step to address the director’s breach of the conflict of interest clause, the planner should consult the Ethics Committee.The correct answer is: Contact your Ethics Officer for the best course of action.

Question 27

Two variables, studying for the AICP Exam and Amount of Free Time, were examined to determine if there is a correlation. The analysis resulted in a correlation value of -0.85. What does this mean?Select one:a. There is a high correlation between studying for the AICP Exam and the amount of free time people have.
b. There is almost no correlation between studying for the AICP exam and having free time.
c. People with a lot of free time are not studying for the exam.
d. People with no free time are studying for the exam.

Answer 27

Correlation is about the strength of a “linear” relationship. It is very similar (but not identical) to the slope of a regression between the two variables.So, a “strong” correlation would be a value close to either +1 or -1, a “weak” correlation would be a value close to 0. Strictly speaking, one would need standard errors to state whether the correlation is significant or not, but with a value of -0.85 that is likely to be significant (this is something the question should have specified). The “negative” correlation implies an inverse relationship between studying and having free time, which makes sense: if you don’t study, you have a lot of free time; if you study a lot, you don’t have free time.Hence the correct answer is a. Note that “strong correlation” does not mean positive correlation (i.e., more studying means more free time), just that it is significantly different from “no correlation” (whether you study or not does not affect your free time).The correct answer is: There is a high correlation between studying for the AICP Exam and the amount of free time people have.

Question 28

Each summer, the city sees a sharp increase in graffiti, vandalism, and garage break-ins. To combat theseproblems, the city decides to invest in recreational programming. The goal over the long-run is that “summer crime,” committed by children who are not in school, will decrease. Which cost analysis technique was used by the city?Select one:a. Economic base
b. Shift-share
c. Fiscal impact
d. Cost effectiveness analysis

Answer 28

An analysis done to find the most cost effective alternative plans. In this case, a cost could be calculated based on the expected reduction in crime (and therefore police time).The correct answer is: Cost effectiveness analysis

Question 29

The City Council has directed you to recommend a set of techniques that will help fund new capital facilities necessitated by new growth. The council appears interested in exploring ways of shifting the costs of providing public facilities to developers. There is some confusion among the councilmembers about the differences between the techniques, their feasibility, and their legal permissibility. Which of the following statements are correct?Select one:a. If a development is permitted by right, the city cannot charge Impact Fees to the developer.
b. The amount charged in Impact Fees for new development can vary based on the desirability of the proposed use in the community.
c. A local government that has established a system of Impact Fees has flexibility as to how to use those fees for a variety of public uses.
d. The level of service that a governmental unit determines as adequate for public facilities funded by Impact Fees is important because developers may not be charged the costs of upgrading an existing system to better serve existing users.

Answer 29

Development fees, such as impact fees, cannot be used to pay for the cost of upgrading an existing system or raise the level of service in the community. There are two separate legal requirements. 1) Under Nollan: You have to demonstrate a nexus between the public improvement and the development impact. For example, the development would result in X number of vehicle trips per day on the arterial roadway.2) Under Dolan: The amount that is charged must be proportionate to the impact. Here is a summary describing the cases: http://depts.washington.edu/trac/concurrency/pdf/Apdx_a.pdf. The correct answer is: The level of service that a governmental unit determines as adequate for public facilities funded by Impact Fees is important because developers may not be charged the costs of upgrading an existing system to better serve existing users.

Question 30

The Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) is responsible for coordinating which of the following federal programs? Select one:a. National Environmental Policy Act
b. Clean Air Act and the Clean Water Act
c. Farm Bill Conservation
d. All of these choices are correct

Answer 30

All of the above. The Council on Environmental Quality coordinates federal environmental efforts and works with federal agencies on the development of environmental policies and initiatives.The correct answer is: All of these choices are correct

Question 31

What term best describes the idea of strengthening communities with arts at the core? Select one:a. Creative Placemaking
b. Creative Class Investment
c. Artistic Urbanism
d. Neighborhood Arts Initiatives

Answer 31

Creative placemaking integrates arts, culture, and design activities into efforts that strengthen communities. The correct answer is: Creative Placemaking

Question 32

Which management technique assists in the management of programs?Select one:a. Delphi
b. MPO
c. Critical Path Method
d. ZBB

Answer 32

Critical Path Method is a project management technique. MPO is a transportation organization. Delphi is a citizen participation technique. ZBB is a budgeting technique. The correct answer is: Critical Path Method

Question 33

As a new planner working for a regional planning agency, you are seekingto learn more about the ways that communities in a region participate inplanning across jurisdictional boundaries to provide services for parks,public transit, and transportation infrastructure. Which of the followingareas is not known for all of these examples of cross-jurisdictional planning?
Select one:a. Portland, OR
b. Columbus, OH
c. Orlando, FL
d. Phoenix, AZ

Answer 33

Portland, Columbus and Phoenix are examples of regions that provide regional parks, regional transit, and regional transportation infrastructure. Orlando participates in regional transportation planning, but does not have regionally shared parks.The correct answer is: Orlando, FL

Question 34

Cultural competency, as it relates to equitable planning, is:a. The ability to appreciate many different cultures.
b. The ability to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.
c. The ability to collaborate with a diverse workforce.
d. The ability to speak multiple languages.

Answer 34

Cultural competency is the ability to work effectively in cross-cultural situations by inserting policies and procedures that integrate cultural competency into every area of an organization.The correct answer is: The ability to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.

Question 35

You are a planner working for a consulting agency that has just been hired to revise a nearby county’s zoning ordinance. During a public meeting, some members of the community express interest in allowing residential uses in an industrial zone, which the current code does not allow. What kind of code are these residents advocating?Select one:a. Cumulative
b. Euclidean
c. Modified-exclusionary
d. Performance

Answer 35

Cumulative Zoning is a method of zoning in which any use permitted in a higher-use, less intensive zone is permissible in a lower use, more intensive zone. For example: under this method, a house could be built in an industrial zone but a factory could not be built in a residential zone.The correct answer is: Cumulative

Question 36

Which of the following people is associated with the quote “Make no little plans; they have no magic to stir men’s blood and probably themselves will not be realized.”Select one:a. Edmund Bacon
b. Daniel Burnham
c. Jane Jacobs
d. Robert Moses

Answer 36

Daniel Burnham was quoted as saying this in Charles Moore’s biography of Daniel Burnham.The correct answer is: Daniel Burnham

Question 37

You have been working on a plan for increasing the sustainability of the city. Because a wide range of ideas have been discussed, you have decided to develop a sequence of carefully designed questionnaires to seek opinions and reasons for those opinions from participants. Which technique have you decided to use?Select one:a. Nominal Group Technique
b. PERT
c. Delphi Technique
d. Cohort Survival Rate

Answer 37

The Delphi Technique or Delphi Process is the name applied to a process used to attain a consensus from a group of experts. Delphi replaces direct confrontation and debate with a carefully planned, orderly program of sequential discussions.Cohort Survival Rate is a population estimation technique.PERT is a project management technique for determining how much time a project needs before it is completed. Each activity is assigned a best, worst, and most probable completion time estimate.Nominal Group Technique is a particular form of brainstorming that aids team participation. Stages in the technique include problem clarification, silent idea generation, round robin idea collection, grouping, and ranking.The correct answer is: Delphi Technique

Question 38

The process used to arrive at a group opinion or decision by surveying a panel of experts is called… crowdsourcing
the Delphi method
the fishbowl method
citizen control

Answer 38

The Delphi method is defined as a forecasting process framework based on the results of multiple rounds of questionnaires sent to a panel of experts. The fishbowl method is a method of arranging small group conversations. Citizen control is a rung of Arnstein’s ladder in which participants or residents can govern a program or an institution independently. Crowdsourcing occurs when planners seek information on a project by recruiting the services of a large number of people.The correct answer is: the Delphi method

Question 39

In preparing a comprehensive plan, you want to create a map that demonstrates the density of residential development. Which of the following measures would be best to use?Select one:a. WalkScore
b. Average Lot Size
c. Floor Area Ratio
d. Dwelling units per acre

Answer 39

Using the number of dwelling units is a common method for measuring residential development and is recommended in The Practice of Local Government Planning.The correct answer is: Dwelling units per acre

Question 40

Planning for equity also requires better understanding of the implications of diversity and inclusion in the planning field. APA’s Policy Guide on Planning for Equity states that Diversity is an inclusive concept which encompasses, but is not limited to:Select one:a. These are all correct
b. race, ethnicity, class, and gender
c. sexuality, ability, educational attainment, and spiritual beliefs.
d. creed, culture, tribal affiliation, nationality, immigration status, political beliefs, and veteran status.

Answer 40

APA’s statement on what diversity means for the organization is that “Diversity is an inclusive concept which encompasses, but
is not limited to, race, ethnicity, class, gender, age, sexuality,
ability, educational attainment, spiritual beliefs, creed,
culture, tribal affiliation, nationality, immigration status,
political beliefs, and veteran status. With greater diversity,
we can be more creative, effective, and just, and bring more
varied perspectives, experiences, backgrounds, talents, and
interests to the practice of planning and to the communities
we serve. We recognize that achieving diversity and inclusion
is an evolutionary process that requires an ongoing
renewal of our commitment.”The correct answer is: These are all correct

Question 41

What is Dillon’s Rule?Select one:a. Local governments have broad powers to regulate land use.
b. State governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the federal government.
c. Local governments have broad powers to protect property rights.
d. Local governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the state.

Answer 41

In 1872, Judge Dillon found that local governments are subordinate to the state and are only authorized to perform actions permitted by the state. Following this ruling, some states passed “home rule” legislation that authorized home rule jurisdictions the authority to pass regulations without express authorization from the state.The correct answer is: Local governments are not provided with authority absent an express delegation of power from the state.

Question 42

As the Economic Development Director for the city, you have prepared an economic development forecast that supports the city’s acquisition of land and infrastructure for a new industrial park. A few hours before the meeting, a member of the City Council approaches you and asks that you change your findings, because she sees the data differently. You are confident that your report is sound and that the councilmember’s interpretation of the data is not. When you arrive at the council meeting, the room is filled with protesters who are opposed to the use of tax dollars to support business. Which of the following would be the best option?Select one:a. You are responsible for providing the council with clear and accurate data to support their decision; you proceed as planned to present your forecast.
b. Given the significant opposition and the councilmember’s request, you decide to request a tabling of the agenda item to allow you to do more research, which might, or might not, alter your recommendation.
c. With such substantial opposition, you decide to change your stance to oppose the industrial park.
d. You decide to bow to your employer, the council, and change your recommendation to oppose the industrial park.

Answer 42

The best option is to proceed as planned to present your forecast. The AICP Code of Ethics states, “We shall exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of our clients and employers” and, “We shall not deliberately or with reckless indifference fail to provide adequate, timely, clear and accurate information on planning issues.” Based on these two code citations, the best option is to provide accurate information based on your original forecast.The correct answer is: You are responsible for providing the council with clear and accurate data to support their decision; you proceed as planned to present your forecast.

Question 43

A major local appliance manufacturer just announced that it will be relocating. You decide, as an economic development strategy, that it would be appropriate to undertake an analysis of employment in the county, comparing the proportion of basic and non-basic employers. Which of the following types of analysis would be most appropriate?Select one:a. Shift-share analysis
b. Program evaluation and review technique
c. Economic base analysis
d. Input-output analysis

Answer 43

Economic base analysis. Economic base analysis looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, such as automotive manufacturing.The correct answer is: Economic base analysis

Question 44

Who is the father of zoning?Select one:a. Robert Weaver
b. Edward Bassett
c. Daniel Burnham
d. Patrick Geddes

Answer 44

Bassett wrote the New York City Zoning Ordinance in 1916.The correct answer is: Edward Bassett

Question 45

Which of the following standards for air and water quality restrict the discharge of pollutants into the environment?Select one:a. Effluent
b. Ambient
c. Point Source
d. Wastewater

Answer 45

The state establishes basic effluent limits for all facilities to protect surface water quality and air quality standards. A point source is a source of effluence, while wastewater is a type of effluent.The correct answer is: Effluent

Question 46

The Mayor has asked you to serve as the Chair of a citizens committee on sustainability in the community. You have been charged with researching electricity use in buildings. You report:Select one:a. About 75 percent of the electricity used in the country goes toward heating, cooling, and lighting buildings.
b. The construction of buildings requires 25 percent of the energy used each year in the United States.
c. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified buildings consume 10 percent less energy than conventional construction.
d. More energy is wasted from lights being left on in homes than in offices.

Answer 46

According to the 2008 APA Policy Guide on Planning and Climate Change, 75% of the electricity used in the country goes towards heating, cooling, and lighting buildings.The correct answer is: About 75 percent of the electricity used in the country goes toward heating, cooling, and lighting buildings.

Question 47

You are giving a lecture to a group of planning students to help them understand the basics of eminent domain. Which of the following is the best description:Select one:a. Eminent domain provides governments with the power to take private land for public use with fair compensation
b. Eminent domain provides governments with the power to take private land for public use without compensation
c. Eminent domain is a power that allows a local government to take property if the taking is in the best interests of the long-term fiscal health of the jurisdiction
d. Eminent domain is a power that allows for regulation in the interest of protecting public health, safety, and welfare

Answer 47

Eminent domain refers to the power of the government to take private property and convert it into public use. The Fifth Amendment provides that the government may only exercise this power if they provide just compensation to the property owners.The correct answer is: Eminent domain provides governments with the power to take private land for public use with fair compensation

Question 48

A federal agency considering an action that might have significant environmental effects must prepare which of the following?Select one:a. An environmental indicator
b. An environmental assessment
c. An environmental impact statement
d. Environmental scoping

Answer 48

An environmental assessment is a concise public document that a Federal agency prepares under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) to provide sufficient evidence and analysis to determine whether a proposed agency action would require preparation of an environmental impact statement (EIS) or a finding of no significant impact.The correct answer is: An environmental assessment

Question 49

As a planner in a growing county, you have been charged with developing a plan for siting a new hazardous waste dump to handle the growing medical and other waste generated in the county. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and other groups have come to your office concerned about environmental justice issues. The last trash dump was placed adjacent to a predominantly low-income African-American neighborhood. Locals are concerned that you may make a similar decision this time around. To address environmental justice concerns, which of the following should you do?Select one:a. Conduct an environmental assessment to determine the areas with soil conditions most suitable for a hazardous waste dump
b. Meet with hospitals and other hazardous waste creators to learn more about projected future demand
c. Hold a public hearing prior to any final decision
d. Hold community meetings in the areas that have the potential to be locations for a hazardous waste dump to determine community sentiment about the dump

Answer 49

Hold community meetings in the areas that have the potential to be locations for a hazardous waste dump. The answer choices are all part of a process for siting a hazardous waste dump, but only holding community meetings in areas that have the potential to be a site begins to address environmental justice issues. Community engagement is required as part of the National Environmental Policy Act process.The correct answer is: Hold community meetings in the areas that have the potential to be locations for a hazardous waste dump to determine community sentiment about the dump

Question 50

Which statement offers the best characterization of “environmental racism”?Select one:a. An example of environmental racism is the location of polluting industries near African-American neighborhoods
b. Great strides have been made in recent decades to overcome environmental racism
c. Environmental racism is about racial segregation in suburban locations
d. Blocking asylum seekers at the U.S. border is an example of environmental racism

Answer 50

Environmental justice is about many different issues, including redressing environmental racism: the fact that race influences the location of hazardous waste, highways, and noxious land uses.The correct answer is: An example of environmental racism is the location of polluting industries near African-American neighborhoods

Question 51

Your community has been awarded a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to support the protection of a blueway. As the project manager, which agencies beyond your department should be involved in the project?
Select one:a. The Soil and Water Conservation District
b. The Soil and Water Conservation District and the U.S. EPA
c. Soil and Water Conservation District, the U.S. EPA, and the State Environmental Department
d. The State Transportation Department

Answer 51

Given the project is focused along a waterway, the most appropriate parties to involve would be the soil and water conservation district, the state environmental department and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (since they are the grantor of funds). The state department of transportation might be involved depending on whether the waterway will be used for transportation purposes.The correct answer is: Soil and Water Conservation District, the U.S. EPA, and the State Environmental Department

Question 52

What are the key components of equity—an essential consideration in planning?a. Valuing and including different perspectives
b. Incorporating a robust and diverse community process
c. Reflecting multiple values and preferences where possible
d. Being fair or impartial

Answer 52

While all of these are necessary components of an equitable, diverse, and inclusive planning process, only being fair or impartial defines equity. Equity is all about improving the distribution of resources, funding, or access in a fair or impartial way and understanding how discrimination has created these inequities.The correct answer is: Being fair or impartial

Question 53

Under the AICP Code of Ethics, a planner owes diligent, creative, independent, and competent performance of work in pursuit of the client’s or employer’s interest. Which does not fit those standards?Select one:a. Not performing work if there is a perceived conflict of interest.
b. Exercising independent professional judgment.
c. Accepting a bribe for allowing a minor variance to a zoning application.
d. Not performing work if there is an actual conflict of interest.

Answer 53

A bribe is not consistent with an employer’s interest.The correct answer is: Accepting a bribe for allowing a minor variance to a zoning application.

Question 54

Jeff resigned his position as the City Planner for Plannersville two years ago to take a position with a local developer. Jeff is now responsible for presenting a case before the Planning Commission to rezone a property from single family to commercial for a shopping mall. While Jeff was a city planner, he worked hard to prevent regional shopping in this area of the city. Is Jeff acting ethically by presenting this case to the commission?Select one:a. Yes, because it is up to the Planning Commission to grant the rezoning.
b. No, because he is in violation of the AICP Code of Ethics.
c. No, because he is in violation of the APA Code of Ethics.
d. Yes, because he no longer works for the city.

Answer 54

We shall not accept an assignment from a client or employer to publicly advocate a position on a planning issue that is indistinguishably adverse to a position we publicly advocated for a previous client or employer within the past three years, unless, (1) we determine in good faith after consultation with other qualified professionals that our change of position will not cause present detriment to our previous client or employer, and (2) we make a full written disclosure of the conflict to our current client or employer and receive written permission to proceed with the assignment.The correct answer is: No, because he is in violation of the AICP Code of Ethics.

Question 55

A planner tells you a story at a social event with the local APA chapter. You realize that the planner has violated the AICP Code of Ethics and that you consider it to be a serious violation. How would you go about filing a complaint with AICP?Select one:a. Write an email to the AICP Ethics Officer
b. Contact your APA Chapter President to file a complaint
c. Complete and sign a form and submit it to the Ethics Officer
d. Write an email to the AICP Ethics Officer

Answer 55

According to the AICP Code of Ethics, “Any person, whether or not an AICP member, may file an ethics complaint against a Certified Planner. An ethics complaint shall be sent to the AICP Ethics Officer on a form developed by the Ethics Officer and posted on the AICP website. The complaint must be signed and include contact information so that the Ethics Committee and the Ethics Officer will know with whom to follow up if questions arise or if the situation otherwise requires follow up.“The correct answer is: Complete and sign a form and submit it to the Ethics Officer

Question 56

The town of Plannersville does not have enough money to hire a consultant to prepare a comprehensive plan. A local developer who owns land in the town has offered to donate the money necessary to complete the plan. The developer knows that without the plan the town will not move forward with infrastructure improvements near his property and wants to know what type of development the community would support. Is it ethical for the planning department to accept this donation?Select one:a. Yes. Without the funds the plan won’t be possible.
b. No. It creates the appearance of a conflict of interest.
c. No. Because the developer might influence who gets selected as the consultant.
d. Yes. But make sure the developer does not participate in the process.

Answer 56

The developer who will benefit from the plan creates the appearance of a conflict of interest, regardless of whether the developer ultimately will benefit from the plan.The correct answer is: No. It creates the appearance of a conflict of interest.

Question 57

As the City Planner for Plantasy Township, you are in a meeting with a developer who is presenting a concept plan for a project that would involve the purchase of your sister’s property. If the development proposal is approved, your sister’s property values would go up. Which of the following would be the best decision?Select one:a. You should remain on the project to assist with your knowledge of the area and the issues that might cause concern.
b. Ask your sister, the developer, and your supervisor for written permission to remain on the development review.
c. You should remain on the project, but inform the developer and your supervisor about your interest.
d. After you realize the project involves a family member’s project, you let the developer know that you will be reassigning the case.

Answer 57

The best decision would be to let the developer know and then reassign the case. The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers.” Given relatives are involved, reassigning the case avoids the appearance of a conflict of interest.The correct answer is: After you realize the project involves a family member’s project, you let the developer know that you will be reassigning the case.

Question 58

You are the division manager over current planning in a coastal city. You have received a rezoning application for a ten-acre parcel of land adjacent to your home. The request is to rezone the parcel from agriculture to retail. If the parcel is rezoned, it might cause depreciation to your home. According to the AICP Code of Professional Ethics, what should you do?Select one:a. Tell your director of planning to reassign the case to another staff member to avoid a conflict of interest.
b. Leave your job for six weeks until the case is heard before the City Council.
c. Give the case to a co-worker but write a letter of protest as a citizen and adjacent property owner.
d. Handle the case yourself with impartiality.

Answer 58

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers.”The correct answer is: Tell your director of planning to reassign the case to another staff member to avoid a conflict of interest.

Question 59

You recently assisted a resident with a variance application that allowed her to replace her garage. A few weeks later you open your mail and find a thank you note along with a $25 gift card to a local restaurant. What should you do?a. Write a letter back to the resident returning the gift card and explaining that it would be unethical for you to accept the gift.
b. Donate the gift card to a local charity
c. Keep the gift card and give it as a raffle item at the upcoming staff picnic.
d. Invite the staff to join you for lunch that day, your treat and use the gift card.

Answer 59

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not, as public officials or employees, accept from anyone other than our public employer any compensation, commission, rebate, or other advantage that may be perceived as related to our public office or employment.” A gift card can be perceived as compensation.The correct answer is: Write a letter back to the resident returning the gift card and explaining that it would be unethical for you to accept the gift.

Question 60

You are part of a team that created an amazing waterfront plan. You prepare the submission for consideration for a national award. The lead planner on the project has since moved on to another organization. Given this person left the agency, you list yourself as the lead planner and key contact for the award nomination. Does this raise any ethical concerns?Select one:a. No. The award will recognize the agency and the agency did the work.
b. Yes. The award should go to the lead planner on the project.
c. No. If you win you can mention that others were involved in the project who are not present at the awards ceremony.
d. Yes. This appears that you are taking credit for others work

Answer 60

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not use the product of others’ efforts to seek professional recognition or acclaim intended for producers of original work.” In this case, the planner could list themselves as the point of contact but also include the lead planner on the nomination, indicate their present affiliation, and also verify that they were formerly with the planning agency.The correct answer is: Yes. This appears that you are taking credit for others work

Question 61

In addition to your position as a planner with the regional planning commission, you conduct part-time consulting work for market research companies preparing demographic analyses. Overnight, you had emailed a file to the market research company. Unfortunately, you get a call at work letting you know that they did not receive the email and that they must have it by noon to prepare for a meeting with a client that afternoon. The good news is that you have the file on a USB in your bag. What should you do?Select one:a. Go ahead and print the analysis and suggest that the market research company can pick it up at your office.
b. Take 15 minutes from your workday and post the file online to Kinko’s and have it delivered to the market research company.
c. Speak with your supervisor and request 30 minutes of unpaid leave to take a USB with the file to the market research company.
d. Take 15 minutes from your workday and use the commission’s software to zip the file and send it through your work email to the market research company.

Answer 61

You should speak with your supervisor and request 30 minutes of unpaid leave to take a USB with the file to the market research company. The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not, as salaried employees, undertake other employment in planning or a related profession, whether or not for pay, without having made full written disclosure to the employer who furnishes our salary and having received subsequent written permission to undertake additional employment, unless our employer has a written policy which expressly dispenses with a need to obtain such consent.” While one could presume that you previously got consent for the work it would normally take place outside of work hours. In this case, because you would need to leave during work hours, you should consult with your supervisor and take leave.The correct answer is: Speak with your supervisor and request 30 minutes of unpaid leave to take a USB with the file to the market research company.

Question 62

A planner should do which of the following?Select one:a. Disclose confidential information.
b. Protect the environment.
c. Seek bribes.
d. Exclude the public from planning processes.

Answer 62

One of the “Principles to Which We Aspire” states that “We shall promote excellence of design and endeavor to conserve and preserve the integrity and heritage of the natural and built environment.”The correct answer is: Protect the environment.

Question 63

A Planning Director is a strong environmentalist and wants to prevent big box stores with large parking lots in environmentally sensitive areas. The recently elected City Council and many citizens are pro-retail development. At a public hearing, the Panning Director decides to focus her presentation on the economic benefits of big box retail rather than the environmental consequences, given the political climate. The director’s decision:Select one:a. Represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to his employer
b. Represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to protect the environment
c. Represents a conflict of interest
d. Represents a violation of the freedom of information

Answer 63

It represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to protect the environment. The AICP Code of Ethics requires the planner to work to protect the environment, as stated: “We shall promote excellence of design and endeavor to conserve and preserve the integrity and heritage of the natural and built environment.”The correct answer is: Represents a violation of the planner’s obligation to protect the environment

Question 64

The APA’s Ethical Principles for Planning include all of the following except:
Select one:a. Expand choice and opportunity for all persons
b. Serve the public interest
c. Support citizen participation in planning
d. Require developer contributions in the planning process

Answer 64

The ethical principles do not require developer contributions in the planning process. All others are included in the APA Ethical Principles.The correct answer is: Require developer contributions in the planning process

Question 65

During a Fourth of July party, you run into the Mayor, with whom you offer a hello. The Mayor then begins engaging in a conversation about an upcoming rezoning case. What should you do?Select one:a. Share information about how the application is coming along
b. Tell the Mayor you would be happy to discuss this on Monday when you are both in the office.
c. Decline to discuss the matter and encourage the mayor to bring this topic up with the Planning Director
d. Explain the details of your staff report

Answer 65

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not engage in private discussions with decision makers in the planning process in any manner prohibited by law or by agency rules, procedures, or custom.” It is customary to engage in discussions about rezoning cases during office hours. It would be inappropriate to discuss this at a party in a public location.The correct answer is: Tell the Mayor you would be happy to discuss this on Monday when you are both in the office.

Question 66

You are a planner for a design firm and live in the community of Plannersville. You want to make sure that the city does not permit any additional restaurants in your neighborhood because of your concerns about parking on neighborhood streets. You talk to the Mayor and offer that you can provide design services pro bono to the city in exchange for the Mayor’s support for preparing a zoning overlay that would restrict restaurants in your neighborhood. Does this raise an ethical concern?Select one:a. No. you are free to offer your services pro bono.
b. No. you are free to advocate for zoning actions that will protect your neighborhood.
c. Yes. You may not offer services to influence a decision.
d. Yes. You can only participate in zoning actions through the normal public hearing process.

Answer 66

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not sell, or offer to sell, services by stating or implying an ability to influence decisions by improper means.” While planners are free to offer pro bono services, they can not offer services where they are seeking to influence a decision. If the planner wants a zoning overlay in the neighborhood, they should achieve it through the normal public hearing process.The correct answer is: Yes. You may not offer services to influence a decision.

Question 67

Under the AICP Code of Ethics, a planner’s primary obligation is to serve the public interest. Which of the following does this not include?Select one:a. Providing the public with full, clear, and accurate information
b. Consciousness of the rights of others
c. Participating in moonlighting activities
d. Having special concern for the long-range consequences of present actions

Answer 67

Participating in moonlighting activities is not one of a planner’s primary obligations.The correct answer is: Participating in moonlighting activities

Question 68

Which of the following is an example from the AICP Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, Section A3,”Planners Responsibility to Our Profession and Colleagues”?Select one:a. We shall educate the public about planning issues and their relevance to our everyday lives.
b. We shall exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of our clients and employers
c. We shall not accept an assignment from a client or employer when the services to be performed involve conduct that we know to be illegal or in violation of these rules.
d. We shall give people the opportunity to have a meaningful impact on the development of plans and programs that may affect them.

Answer 68

We shall educate the public about planning issues is part of A3, “Our responsibility to our profession and colleagues.” The remaining choices are from other sections of the AICP Code of Ethics.The correct answer is: We shall educate the public about planning issues and their relevance to our everyday lives.

Question 69

You are a city planner with AICP Certification and you have decided to accept a job working for a consultant that will be working on a project you are working on in your current position. The consulting firm represents developers and will be pushing for the city to modify its plan for this district in the city to permit increased development. How long should you wait before representing the consulting firm in any action before the city with which you were employed?Select one:a. Three years
b. Five years
c. Two years
d. No wait necessary

Answer 69

You can represent the consulting firm in any action before the city as long as it does not conflict with a position you held during your employment with the city.The correct answer is: No wait necessary

Question 70

Which of these is the least effective policy tool to support communities of color?a. Examine land uses that require the separation of daycare facilities and housing, requiring parents to drive their children to daycare and make more trips during daily activities.
b. Activate mobility by addressing significant issues such as transportation costs and affordability, the frequency and coverage of public transportation systems, and the impact of these transportation systems on public health.
c. Offer housing options through policies like allowing accessory dwelling units, promoting incremental housing, requiring inclusionary housing, and establishing housing trust funds, community land trusts, and co-housing opportunities.
d. Enhance placemaking through informal fixed or place-based practices, temporary or mobile practices, and formal placemaking practices.

Answer 70

This is a more effective policy tool to address gender disparities, where women are more likely to manage childcare needs. The other options are all effective policy tools used best to address racial disparities.The correct answer is: Examine land uses that require the separation of daycare facilities and housing, requiring parents to drive their children to daycare and make more trips during daily activities.

Question 71

Which of the following is disproportionately sited in communities of color?I. brownfieldsII. oil refineriesIII. hazardous wasteIV. grocery stores over 15,000 square feeta. I and II
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. I, II, and III
d. II and III

Answer 71

Communities of color experience disproportionate exposure to environmental risks such as brownfields, oil refineries, and hazardous waste. These communities are also more likely to be located in food deserts, areas defined by a lack of grocery stores or other sources of groceries and ingredients.The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Question 72

Which of the following are appropriate tasks for facilitators? I. Record issues and whatever solutions are presented during the facilitation. II. Group issues and solutions together as needed to facilitate discussion. III. For each issue, present the range of alternatives to be addressed. IV. Be a resource who can suggest potential solutions that best address an issue.Select one:a. III and IV
b. III only
c. I and II
d. I, II and III

Answer 72

Facilitators are meant to be neutral parties, and their role is to record (or possibly group together) issues and solutions. They should not be responsible for presenting issues or suggesting possible solutions. Either of those tasks could introduce bias on the part of the facilitator.The correct answer is: I and II

Question 73

A developer has brought in a proposal for a new restaurant on the first floor and apartments above, located in downtown. The downtown zoning district has design criteria and a floor area ratio requirement. The footprint of the proposed building is 10,000 square feet, has eight stories, and the site is 100,000 square feet. What is the floor area ratio (FAR)?Select one:a. 0.8
b. 10
c. 0.1
d. 1.25

Answer 73

FAR stands for floor area ratio. This is the ratio of floor area of the building on the site to the area of the site itself. The building in the example has an area of 80,000 square feet, and the site has an area of 100,000 square feet, so 80,000 divided by 100,000 equals 0.8.The correct answer is: 0.8

Question 74

The 1956 Federal Highway Act did which of the following?I. Authorized states to pass property taxes to fund roadsII. Created the highway system that links state capitals and most large citiesIII. Created toll roads across the United StatesIV. Allocated funds from automobile sales for road constructionSelect one:a. I and II
b. II and IV
c. I and III
d. I, II, III and IV

Answer 74

The 1956 Federal Highway Act created the highway system that links state capitals and most large cities, and it also created the Highway Trust Fund to finance highway building. Sources of revenue for the Highway Trust Fund include taxes collected from vehicle sales.The correct answer is: II and IV

Question 75

The Federal Property Administration Act of 1949 was developed to allow the government to do which of the following?Select one:a. Trade property between government agencies
b. Dispose of federal property
c. Appraise land for taxation purposes
d. Close military bases

Answer 75

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 is a United States federal law that established the General Services Administration, which is responsible for managing, acquiring, and disposing of federal property.The correct answer is: Dispose of federal property

Question 76

The fire department is part of the core team reviewing the unified development ordinance. The community is considering performance standards that would provide minimum levels of service that must be in place for new development to be permitted. The fire department wants to make sure that all new development will be appropriately served to provide the best fire insurance rating for the community. Which of the following should you consider?Select one:a. The number of firefighters in the nearest fire station
b. The level of water pressure servicing the development and the location of fire hydrants in the development
c. The location of fire hydrants within one mile of the development
d. The distance between development and a fire department and the level of water pressure servicing the development

Answer 76

Fire ratings are based on the distance to the nearest fire station and the availability of water to service a fire.The correct answer is: The distance between development and a fire department and the level of water pressure servicing the development

Question 77

The First Amendment deals with which of the following issues?Select one:a. Procedural due process
b. Administrative due process
c. Freedom of speech
d. Taking

Answer 77

Freedom of speech is associated with the First Amendment, while takings are associated with the Fifth Amendment and due process is associated with the 14th Amendment.

The correct answer is: Freedom of speech

Question 78

Why is Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota of special interest to planners?Select one:a. The Center was an early attempt to combine commercial and residential uses in one building.
b. All of these choices are valid.
c. Designed by Victor Gruen, it was the first indoor, climate-controlled regional mall built in the U.S.
d. It was developed by James Rouse

Answer 78

Southdale Center was built in 1956 as the first indoor regional shopping mall in the U.S. It was part of a master plan that included residential, commercial, medical, office, and mixed-use projects, but not within the mall itself. It set the precedent for shopping malls—1,500 of which appeared across America in the half-century after Southdale’s unveiling. Victor Gruen, a refugee from Nazi-occupied Austria, arrived in America in 1938 and went on to be a dominant figure in shopping mall design.The correct answer is: Designed by Victor Gruen, it was the first indoor, climate-controlled regional mall built in the U.S.

Question 79

Which city had the first metropolitan plan in the United States?Select one:a. Chicago
b. Philadelphia
c. New York
d. San Francisco

Answer 79

Chicago had the first metropolitan plan in the United States.The correct answer is: Chicago

Question 80

As the planning director you are preparing for the anniversary of the city’s planning department. As you go back through historical documents, you discover that your city was the first to pass a zoning ordinance. Which city are you in?Select one:a. Euclid, Ohio
b. Toronto
c. San Francisco
d. New York

Answer 80

In 1867, San Francisco passed the first land use zoning restriction prohibiting the location of obnoxious uses. Later in 1916, New York City adopted the first comprehensive zoning ordinance. Euclid, Ohio’s zoning ordinance was tested by the Supreme Court and upheld to be a valid use of police power.The correct answer is: San Francisco

Question 81

The City Council is considering a proposal to annex 47 acres of land into the city based on a request by a property owner who intends to develop the property for mixed use. At a public hearing, citizens voice concern that the proposed development will not generate enough tax revenue to support the cost of services such as police and fire. Which cost analysis method would be most appropriate for the city planner to use to study the potential fiscal effects of the proposed annexation?Select one:a. Cost-benefit Analysis
b. Fiscal Impact Analysis
c. Cost-effectiveness Analysis
d. Cost of Community Services Study

Answer 81

Fiscal impact analysis is most appropriate in a situation in which the land area is specific.The correct answer is: Fiscal Impact Analysis

Question 82

Planning for flood protection projects typically occurs at what level of government?Select one:a. National
b. Neighborhood
c. State
d. City

Answer 82

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is responsible for flood protection planning. While planning for flooding does occur at the city and state level, the Army Corps has a primary responsibility while partnering with other organizations.The correct answer is: National

Question 83

In addition to transect-based codes and transit oriented development, a community built incorporating principles of New Urbanism would most likely use which of these types of zoning?Select one:a. form-based zoning
b. cluster zoning
c. exclusive zoning
d. floating zones

Answer 83

Form-based zoning focuses on the placement of a building on a lot and considers the relationship between the building and the public realm.The correct answer is: form-based zoning

Question 84

The city has created a master plan based on the principles of New Urbanism and promoting transit oriented development. To achieve implementation, which of the following is most appropriate to use?Select one:a. Performance zoning
b. Form-based zoning
c. Cluster zoning
d. Overlay zoning

Answer 84

Form-based zoning allows for development to focus on form over use.The correct answer is: Form-based zoning

Question 85

What concept did Fred French Investing Co. v. City of New York introduce for the first time?Select one:a. impact fees
b. planned unit development
c. eminent domain
d. transfer of development rights

Answer 85

In
French v. City of New York, the court found that transfer of
development rights is an inappropriate method to compensate the
landowner for a taking by the city of New York.The correct answer is: transfer of development rights

Question 86

The Mayor is pressuring the planning department to put in place design guidelines that will prevent “garagitecture” (whole streets where the most visible feature of the buildings is the garage). In a memo to the Mayor, you outline what you believe would be the most effective way to manage garage design. Which of the following do you highlight?Select one:a. Design standards that require a garage to be side- or rear-facing on the lot
b. Height limitations that would not permit a garage to exceed 15 feet
c. Subdivision requirements that require alleys
d. Design standards that would specify the materials that can be used on any façade facing the street

Answer 86

While all of these could be used to limit front facing garages, the most effective would be to require a garage to be side or rear facing.The correct answer is: Design standards that require a garage to be side- or rear-facing on the lot

Question 87

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Garden City as originally formulated by Ebenezer Howard?Select one:a. It was believed that Howard’s financing scheme would keep land values from increasing and therefore from displacing the poor
b. Farmland for the Garden City was to be purchased using an agricultural rate
c. It involved communal ownership of land
d. It involved the establishment of a limited-dividend company

Answer 87

A premise of Howard’s model was that construction of the Garden City would increase land values, and that the increase in value would pass back to the community.The correct answer is: It was believed that Howard’s financing scheme would keep land values from increasing and therefore from displacing the poor

Question 88

As a planner working in a mid-sized city, you have been tasked with developing a strategy to pay for a new stadium. Based on a prior survey of community preferences, you know that the city’s residents strongly support the stadium. What kind of financing mechanism will you most likely be investigating as a possible funding source?Select one:a. General obligation bond
b. Grant from a local foundation
c. Crowd-sourced financing
d. Revenue Bond

Answer 88

A revenue bond is backed by income from specific projects, such as a toll bridge or a stadium. Municipal bonds can be classified as either revenue bonds or general obligation bonds, and general obligation bonds are backed by the general tax revenues and are generally considered safe investments. Crowd-sourced funding or foundation grants would be unlikely to generate enough funds for a project like a stadium.The correct answer is: Revenue Bond

Question 89

You have been contacted by a federal agency notifying your community that the federal government will be disposing of a property. The city could choose to acquire the property. Which federal agency would you be working with?Select one:a. National Park Service
b. Forest Service
c. Bureau of Land Management
d. General Services Administration

Answer 89

The General Services Administration works to dispose of excess federal property. In most cases, this land can be transferred for a public purposes.The correct answer is: General Services Administration

Question 90

Gentrification occurs when…i. development occurs in areas inhabited by marginalized groupsii. the negative impacts of development are not priced in their entiretyiii. development is approached without an equity lens/span>a. I, II, and III
b. I and III
c. II and III
d. I and II

Answer 90

Although many people assume any development in a predominantly low-income or non-white area constitutes gentrification, development approached through an equity lens that fairly prices social externalities (and especially development that utilizes the knowledge and leadership of local residents) can avoid the pitfalls of gentrification.The correct answer is: II and III

Question 91

Which of the following is not associated with George Pullman?
Select one:a. Model company town
b. Worker rebellion
c. Working housing
d. Land use law

Answer 91

Pullman is a neighborhood on the south side of Chicago. Pullman (Historic Pullman) was built in the 1880s by George Pullman for his eponymous railroad car company, the Pullman Palace Car Company. The company owned everything, from stores to townhouses. The houses were comfortable by standards of the day, but a rebellion ensued when Pullman sought to raise rents without raising worker pay.The correct answer is: Land use law

Question 92

In the 19th century, Paris was crowded and unhealthy, filled with medieval-era neighborhoods. Emperor Napoleon III directed that Paris be rebuilt. Under the direction of ____________ the rebuilding of Paris included demolition of neighborhood, annexation of suburbs, and construction of new infrastructure, parks, and squares.Select one:a. Georges-Eugene Haussmann
b. Ange-Jacques Gabriel
c. Charles-Edourard Jeanneret-Gris (Le Corbusier)
d. Charles Garnier

Answer 92

Haussmann was responsible for the recreation of Paris into what it looks like today. His efforts to recreate the city were met with fierce resistance, which ultimately resulted in his firing. Corbusier is a 20th century French architect. Gabriel designed the Palace of Versailles in the 18th century. Garnier, a 19th century architect, designed the casino of Monte Carlo and the Paris Opera House.The correct answer is: Georges-Eugene Haussmann

Question 93

Which of the following is true about the G.I. Bill, which passed in 1944?Select one:a. It provided unemployment compensation and college or vocational education for returning veterans.
b. Officially, it was known as the Servicemen’s Readjustment Act.
c. All of these are true.
d. It provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.

Answer 93

The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (better known as the G.I. Bill) provided for college or vocational education for returning World War II veterans (commonly referred to as G.I.s) as well as one year of unemployment compensation. It also provided loans for returning veterans to buy homes and start businesses.The correct answer is: All of these are true.

Question 94

The value of all final goods and services produced in a country in one year (gross domestic product) plus income that residents have received from abroad, minus income claimed by non-residentsSelect one:a. Gross national product
b. Gross export product
c. Gross development product
d. Gross domestic product

Answer 94

Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of all the products and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country. Unlike gross domestic product (GDP), which defines production based on the geographical location of production, GNP allocates production based on location of ownership.The correct answer is: Gross national product

Question 95

Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo dealt with which of the following issues?Select one:a. Cap on building permit issuance
b. Eminent domain
c. Takings
d. Made development conditional based on the provision of services

Answer 95

The Golden case marked the first time in the U.S. that a town was legally approved to control its own growthThe correct answer is: Made development conditional based on the provision of services

Question 96

When the American Planning Association refers to “Great Streets,” it’s to describe:Select one:a. Streets that have vibrant pedestrian activity
b. Streets that are complete with bicycle, pedestrian, and vehicle infrastructure
c. Symbolic streets such as the Las Vegas Strip, Venice Beach, or Champs-Elysees
d. Streets designated by APA as part of the Great Places in America program

Answer 96

Great Streets are a Great Place in America, as designated by APA. Factors considered in an APA Great Street designation include street character, landscaping, green infrastructure, etc. Learn more at https://www.planning.org/greatplaces/suggestion/The correct answer is: Streets designated by APA as part of the Great Places in America program

Question 97

As a staff planner at the state Environmental Protection Agency office, part of your role is to educate elected officials and staff members at the local level about options to be more environmentally sustainable. You are putting together a public program on green infrastructure. Which of the following would you be least likely to emphasize?Select one:a. Communities should integrate green and gray infrastructure
b. Communities should focus on multifunctionality of green infrastructure
c. Communities should plan to spend more over the long run on green infrastructure
d. Communities should evaluate existing green infrastructure

Answer 97

Planners can use cost-benefit analysis to plan green infrastructure. Green infrastructure can reduce future infrastructure costs.The correct answer is: Communities should plan to spend more over the long run on green infrastructure

Question 98

The American Planning Association created which of the following documents to encourage states to revise their standard state zoning enabling acts?Select one:a. The Guide to Smart Growth
b. The Smart Growth Guide
c. The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook
d. The Revised Standard State Zoning Enabling Legislation

Answer 98

The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook and its accompanying User Manual are the culmination of APA’s seven-year Growing Smart project, an effort to draft the next generation of model planning and zoning legislation for the U.S.The correct answer is: The Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook

Question 99

Which of the following best describes growth management?Select one:a. The regulation of the character, location, and timing of development
b. The planning of land to optimize the community’s resources
c. The sequencing of growth to ensure adequate infrastructure is in place
d. The adjustment of tax rates to pay for enhanced services

Answer 99

Growth management relates to the character, location and timing of development. Answer C refers to concurrency. D refers to special districts.The correct answer is: The regulation of the character, location, and timing of development

Question 100

Which transportation demand management technique guarantees commuters an emergency ride home?Select one:a. Guaranteed Ride Home
b. Commute Trip Reduction
c. Park and Ride
d. Car Sharing

Answer 100

All of the above are transportation demand management techniques that can reduce traffic congestion but only one option is a guaranteed ride.The correct answer is: Guaranteed Ride Home

Question 101

Who was the first full-time planner for a United States city?Select one:a. Daniel Burnham
b. Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr.
c. Jane Jacobs
d. Harland Bartholomew

Answer 101

Newark hired Bartholomew, making him, at age 24, the first full-time municipally employed city planner in the United States.The correct answer is: Harland Bartholomew

Question 102

You are preparing the county’s hazard mitigation plan in compliance with the Hazard Mitigation Act. Which of the following would you undertake first?Select one:a. identifying potential natural hazards
b. assess the risks from natural hazards
c. set community goals
d. asses the local services needed to address potential hazards

Answer 102

The Hazard Mitigation Act requires communities to identify natural hazards, assess the risks, and set community goals.The correct answer is: identifying potential natural hazards

Question 103

As the historic preservation planner for the city you are working with a local neighborhood to assess their historic resources. Which of the following would you be helping them to assess?Select one:a. Buildings only
b. Buildings and sites only
c. Buildings, sites, and cultural landscapes
d. Buildings, sites, cultural landscapes, and public works

Answer 103

According to the APA Policy Guide on Historic and Cultural Resources, “historic preservation practice has broadened to protect a greater array of cultural resources, including historic districts, buildings, structures, sites, public works, transportation corridors, archaeological sites, heritage areas and corridors, cultural landscapes, objects and related built forms.”The correct answer is: Buildings, sites, cultural landscapes, and public works

Question 104

A homeowner in a single-family residential district is running a hair salon. Your inspection uncovers that he does not have a home occupation permit. If you close down the salon, the homeowner will not be able to afford to make payments on the house. What should you do?Select one:a. Grandfather in the salon under previous occupancy laws.
b. Shut down the salon.
c. Advise the homeowner to move the salon to a different location.
d. Visit with the property owner and explain the proper procedure for applying for a home occupation permit. Inform him that until he obtains the permit, the operation must be closed.

Answer 104

The best approach would be to visit with the property owner and explain the procedure. There is no indication that an illegal business could be “grandfathered in.” The other two approaches could not be considered best practices, given the circumstances surrounding the potential foreclosure risk.The correct answer is: Visit with the property owner and explain the proper procedure for applying for a home occupation permit. Inform him that until he obtains the permit, the operation must be closed.

Question 105

As the planner for the city of Plannersville, you have been exploring innovative growth management tools, and you present a series of options to the city council. One city councilmember is particularly concerned about whether the city has the legal authority to implement some of these tools. You respond by indicating:Select one:a. The city has home rule authority, which allows the city to implement any regulation that has been explicitly enabled by the state.
b. The city has Dillon’s rule authority, which allows the city to implement regulations that have not been explicitly enabled by the state.
c. The city has Dillon’s rule authority, which allows the city to implement any regulation that has been explicitly enabled by the state.
d. The city has home rule authority, which allows the city to implement regulations that have not been explicitly enabled by the state.

Answer 105

Having home rule authority would allow the city to implement innovative growth management tools without requiring explicit enabling legislation from the state.The correct answer is: The city has home rule authority, which allows the city to implement regulations that have not been explicitly enabled by the state.

Question 106

You are a planning consultant helping a local government come up with strategies to reduce homelessness. One of your tasks is to consider possible conflicts between the Fair Housing Act and local regulations. What regulation would you be least likely to consider?Select one:a. Municipal restrictions banning homeless people from occupying train stations
b. Zoning restrictions on supportive services that can be provided within a residence
c. Zoning restrictions on the number of unrelated individuals who can occupy a residence
d. Subdivision standards that restrict access by protected classes

Answer 106

Zoning and subdivision regulations can contain measures that conflict with federal protections under the Fair Housing Act. Among the most common problems are ordinances restricting the number of unrelated individuals who may occupy a residence, standards for development that unduly restrict access by protected classes, and restrictions on supportive services provided within a residential unit. Banning people from train stations is unrelated to the Fair Housing Act.The correct answer is: Municipal restrictions banning homeless people from occupying train stations

Question 107

Homeownership has changed over time. The mayor is concerned about the recent influx of multi-family housing and wants to make sure that his city doesn’t have more than its “fair share” of rental housing. You write an email letting him know that the national rate of homeownership is:Select one:a. 0.65
b. 0.55
c. 0.72
d. 0.83

Answer 107

According to the 2010 Census, 65% of residential units are owner occupied. According to more recent data, this rate is essentially unchanged.The correct answer is: 0.65

Question 108

The HOPE VI program:I. Represents one of the most ambitious urban redevelopment efforts in the nation’s historyII. Replaced severely distressed public housing projects with redesigned mixed-income housingIII. Transformed the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) approach to housing assistance for the poorIV. Failed to address the challenge of African Americans continuing to live in uninhabitable housinga. All of these are correct.
b. II only
c. I and III
d. I, II, and III

Answer 108

The HOPE VI program was a significant urban redevelopment effort in the U.S. that changed the way that HUD approached housing assistance for the poor. It did replace severely distressed public housing projects with redesigned mixed-income housing and provided housing vouchers for residents to seek housing on the private market. However, despite HOPE VI, many African Americans continue to live in sub-standard housing projects with uninhabitable units.The correct answer is: All of these are correct.

Question 109

You have issued a request for proposal for consultants to assist your organization with the creation of a five-year strategic plan. In reviewing the submissions, you decide to interview the companies that proposed which of the following types of planning approaches?Select one:a. Rational
b. SNOT
c. Hoshin
d. Visioning

Answer 109

Hoshin Kanri is a method for ensuring that the strategic goals drive progress and action at every level within that organization. The process includes establishing a vision, developing objectives, deploy annual objectives, implement objectives, and then review progress on a monthly and annual basis.The correct answer is: Hoshin

Question 110

Which of the following describes the objective of a hypothesis test?Select one:a. A test for the rejection of a null hypothesis
b. A test for the acceptance of a null hypothesis
c. A test for the acceptance or the rejection of a null hypothesis
d. None of these

Answer 110

A hypothesis test is designed to reject a null hypothesis, but never to accept the null or alternative hypothesis.The correct answer is: A test for the rejection of a null hypothesis

Question 111

The hardware side of ICT involves broadband, sensors, and mobile devices, while the software/application side involves:Select one:a. Big data
b. Smart grids and smart transportation
c. Smart grids, smart transportation, big data, GIS
d. Big data and GIS

Answer 111

These are all examples of the software/application side of ICT (information and communication technology). Smart grids (such as energy grids) and smart transportation networks are applications of ICT in which data from sensors and other sources are used to provide cost efficiencies and a more resilient infrastructure. GIS is a software application for analyzing spatial data. “Big data” is a term for large and complex datasets, which might be used in GIS, smart grids, or smart transportation.The correct answer is: Smart grids, smart transportation, big data, GIS

Question 112

Which ordinance requires that a specified portion of a development be used to construct affordable housing?Select one:a. Inclusionary zoning
b. Overlay zoning
c. Dedication
d. Exaction

Answer 112

Inclusionary zoning encourages development that includes all segments of the population.The correct answer is: Inclusionary zoning

Question 113

John Snow’s famous map of London’s 1854 cholera outbreak could be interpreted as all of the following except:a. Cartogram
b. None of these
c. Heat map
d. Dot density map

Answer 113

John Snow originally used a dot density map to represent the location of each case of cholera in a London neighborhood, but many cartographers have since created heat maps with the original location data. A cartogram is a map that distorts the geography or size of regions to convey the information of an alternate variable. This would not make sense given the presence of location data points and not an alternate statistical variable.The correct answer is: Cartogram

Question 114

You are developing a county-wide disaster mitigation plan. Which of the following bodies is likely to advise on this plan?Select one:a. Municipal Board of Zoning Adjustment
b. Municipal Planning Commission
c. County Board of Commissioners
d. Regional Planning Agency

Answer 114

The County Board of Commissioners is the governing body responsible for oversight of emergency management and hazard mitigation for the county.The correct answer is: County Board of Commissioners

Question 115

What could be described as the “holy grail” of effective planning agency management?Select one:a. Clear organizational structure
b. Sufficient funding
c. Having the best possible team
d. Strong leadership

Answer 115

Arguably, the most important task for a planning manager is to build and maintain the best team possible. Great organizations and agencies have strong and visionary leaders, but they also have very strong employees. The key to success is hiring the right people, and then “valuing, training, empowering, feeding, and protecting those people.” According to the PAS Report “Local Planning Agency Management,” there are many factors that might limit a manager’s ability to develop the right team, “but building that team should always be the holy grail.”The correct answer is: Having the best possible team

Question 116

A recent APA task force was charged with identifying key trends that will impact the work of public planning agencies over the next five to 10 years. Which of the following was identified as an appropriate planning agency response to key trends?
Select one:a. The need to monitor demographic change
b. The need to promote equitable access to the use of technology in the planning process
c. The need to assert the economic value of planning by setting targets and measuring outcomes
d. All of the above

Answer 116

To address demographic, technological and social trends,
suggested responses are that planning agencies need to monitor demographic
change, promote equitable access to and transparency in the use of technology
in the planning process, and assert the economic value of planning by setting
targets and measuring outcomes.The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 117

You hired an architect to design a new city hall, but the city’s Finance Director has reported that the bond market is too tight at the moment to allow for public sector financing of the project. In response, you make a recommendation to the City Manager that a _____________ be explored as the best alternative.Select one:a. Revenue Bond
b. Certificate of Obligation
c. Lease-Purchase
d. Tax Increment Financing

Answer 117

You make a recommendation to the City Manager that a lease-purchase be explored as the best alternative. A lease-purchase allows for the rental of a building or property with the exclusive option to purchase at specified points in the agreement.The correct answer is: Lease-Purchase

Question 118

You have been charged with developing a regional agricultural development plan. As part of the planning process you will apply an interactive multi-goal programming technique. Which of the following would be most appropriate? Select one:a. Critical path method
b. Linear programming
c. Program Evaluation Review Technique
d. Gantt

Answer 118

Linear programming is a method for determining an optimal solution. This could apply to a number of planning projects, such as a regional agricultural development plan.The three other methods in the answer choices—CPM, PERT, Gantt—are about scheduling. The question asks what “programming” method could be applied as part of the planning process. It doesn’t say the programming method will produce one optimal plan.Also, unless there is a lot of detail in the question you have to rule out CPM and PERT as answer choices because they are too similar.The correct answer is: Linear programming

Question 119

The Plannersville region has 3% of its employment in the oil and gas industry, while nationally employment in oil and gas is 1%. The location quotient for the oil and gas industry is?Select one:a. 3
b. 33
c. 0.33
d. 3.3

Answer 119

The location quotient is the division of the regional employment by the national employment, equaling 3. A ratio greater than one indicates that a region is exporting versus a ration smaller than 1 that is importing.The correct answer is: 3

Question 120

You work for a transportation planning agency and you have been asked to evaluate the traffic flow of a local arterial. Residents in the area claim that traffic can no longer be accommodated by the existing roadway, i.e., that it has reached a point where traffic is sometimes at a standstill. If the residents are correct, what Level of Service is this roadway likely experiencing?Select one:a. Level G
b. Level A
c. Level D
d. Level F

Answer 120

Level of Service D is characterized by high-density flow in which speed and freedom to maneuver are severely restricted and comfort and convenience have declined—but flow remains stable. In Level of Service F, the amount of traffic approaching a point exceeds the amount that can be served, which describes standstill traffic. Level A is free flowing. There is no Level G.The correct answer is: Level F

Question 121

What portion of mail surveys are typically returned?Select one:a. Between 30 and 50 percent
b. More than 50 percent
c. 20 to 30 percent
d. Less than 20 percent

Answer 121

Less than 20 percent of mailed surveys are returned.The correct answer is: Less than 20 percent

Question 122

One of the county commissioners where you are a planner is concerned about the visual appearance of manufactured homes, and wants all manufactured housing to be located in manufactured home parks. As part of your staff report, you provide the following statistic:Select one:a. 42% of manufactured housing is occupied by residents under the age of 40
b. 50% of households living below the poverty line live in manufactured housing
c. 33% of all new housing in the United States is manufactured
d. 37% of new manufactured homes are located in manufactured housing communities.

Answer 122

According to the Manufactured Housing Institute, 63% of new manufactured homes are placed on private property and 37% are placed in manufactured home communities. View the 2020 Manufactured Housing Facts PDF hereThe correct answer is: 37% of new manufactured homes are located in manufactured housing communities.

Question 123

You are preparing the city’s comprehensive plan. You have accurate population projections and you are trying to determine the housing mix that will be needed to support the population. You have analyzed the Census trends and have noticed an interesting trend. Nationally marriage rates have:Select one:a. Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 51 percent in 2010
b. Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 65 percent in 2010
c. Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 34 percent in 2010
d. Increased from 55 percent in 1960 to 72 percent in 2010

Answer 123

Just over half of adults age 18 and older were married in 2010, compared with 72% in 1960. It is significant to note that only 20% of 18-29 year olds were married in 2010, versus 59% in 1960.The correct answer is: Declined from 72 percent in 1960 to 51 percent in 2010

Question 124

What is the mean of the following numbers? 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5Select one:a. 2
b. 5
c. 3
d. 2.8

Answer 124

The mean is an average of a set of numbers.The correct answer is: 2.8

Question 125

What is the mean of the following numbers? 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6Select one:a. 2
b. 3
c. 3.5
d. 5

Answer 125

The mean is the average of a set of numbers.The correct answer is: 3.5

Question 126

The regional planning agency is trying to decide whether to petition to become a recognized Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The latest population count for the urbanized portion of the region is 40,000. What would you advise the agency?Select one:a. They do not have sufficient population.
b. To be recognized as an MSA, there needs to be a core area with a small central population nucleus, and 40,000 is a sufficient threshold.
c. An MSA requires a conglomeration of large cities, and 40,000 is unlikely to be sufficient.
d. MSAs only require a core area with a large population nucleus, which is variously defined. They would likely qualify.

Answer 126

An Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) is based on the concept of at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration within the core. As of 2013, OMB defined and delineated 388 MSAs. A typical MSA is centered on a single large city that wields substantial influence over the region (e.g., New York City or Philadelphia). However, some MSAs contain more than one large city (e.g., Dallas– Fort Worth or Minneapolis–Saint Paul.The correct answer is: They do not have sufficient population.

Question 127

According to the U.S. Census, a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area can be described as which of the following?Select one:a. A geographic entity, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical agencies, based on the concept of two or more overlapping core areas with a large population nuclei that includes at least 1 million people.
b. A geographic entity, as defined by the Federal Office of the Census for use by federal statistical agencies, based on the concept of an area with a large population.
c. A geographic entity, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical agencies, based on the concept of a core area with a small central population nucleus
d. A geographic entity, as defined by the Federal Office of the Census for use by federal statistical agencies, based on the idea of a conglomeration of large cities.

Answer 127

According to the U.S. Census, a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area can be described as an area consisting of two or more overlapping or interlocking urban communities (known as primary metropolitan statistical areas) with a total population of at least one million. CMSAs comprise the 25 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. The New York CMSA, for example, includes the primary metropolitan statistical areas of New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island and New York-New Jersey-Connecticut.The correct answer is: A geographic entity, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget for use by federal statistical agencies, based on the concept of two or more overlapping core areas with a large population nuclei that includes at least 1 million people.

Question 128

You are working on a multi-modal transportation plan for your region. You are evaluating the feasibility of receiving funding from the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act. Which of the following could be supported?Select one:a. Public transit
b. Bicycle and pedestrian paths
c. All of these are correct.
d. Passenger rail

Answer 128

MAP-21 provides funding for passenger rail, public transit, bicycle, and pedestrian paths.The correct answer is: All of these are correct.

Question 129

You are undertaking a comprehensive plan update. In the first phase of public participation, you are reviewing the existing plan’s vision, goals, and policies. Which of the following would best support the review of the existing plan’s vision, goals, and policies?Select one:a. Hard copy survey distributed to neighborhood association presidents, encouraging the association presidents to distribute to residents.
b. Hold a series of neighborhood meetings hosted by neighborhood association presidents.
c. A web page that shares information about the project and encourages comments.
d. An online survey distributed to residents and other stakeholders.

Answer 129

When possible, two-way communication with residents would allow for a deeper understanding of how the existing vision, goals, and policies resonate with the public. A survey is an alternative way to seek engagement and a combination of a hard copy and online survey would reach a broader set of residents. A web page is important to have for the project but is unlikely to generate significant engagement through comments.The correct answer is: Hold a series of neighborhood meetings hosted by neighborhood association presidents.

Question 130

Which of the following best describes oversampling in research?a. Accounting for unusable data with a larger than necessary population size.
b. Over representing certain historically underrepresented populations in data collection in the hopes of achieving representative results.
c. Accounting for high non-response rates with oversized public outreach.
d. Adding a series of additional survey questions to a survey in the hope that respondents will respond to a higher number but similar proportion of questions.

Answer 130

Oversampling in data analysis adjusts the class distribution of a data set (the ratio between the different classes/categories represented) so that groups who are not usually represented proportionally in research have an opportunity to be represented properly.The correct answer is: Over representing certain historically underrepresented populations in data collection in the hopes of achieving representative results.

Question 131

Which is the best description of the “planner-as-person” idea?a. Planners should enter planning situations from a position of neutrality.
b. Planners should act with personal authenticity and carefully reflect on their positionality.
c. Planners should impose their personal views as often as possible.
d. Planners should ignore personal views and place themselves in the mind of a stakeholder.

Answer 131

In his book Reflective Planning, Richard Wilson endorses the idea of “planner-as-person,” defining it as a practice of reflexivity and careful self-knowledge. Neutrality, imposition, and self-ignorance are all antithetical to this planning ideal.The correct answer is: Planners should act with personal authenticity and carefully reflect on their positionality.

Question 132

The planning process exists to serve the public interest. With this in mind, planners should…a. implement universal planning maxims to ensure communities will always benefit from intervention
b. focus on addressing community concerns exclusively
c. examine their implicit biases and relationships to power and privilege
d. de-prioritize issues mentioned by historically privileged residents

Answer 132

Planners have a responsibility to serve their community with specific mind to residents’ concerns and the burdens placed historically and presently on marginalized communities. Thus, planners as individuals have to reckon with their own privileges to avoid replicating planning decisions that created inequitable communities. The correct answer is: examine their implicit biases and relationships to power and privilege

Question 133

You are designing a survey to distribute at the beginning of an informational meeting about your city’s new climate master plan. You are debating whether to use open or close-ended survey questions. Which of the following is not a benefit of using closed-ended questions?a. easily summarized data
b. increased response specificity
c. limited primacy effect
d. typically higher response rates

Answer 133

Primacy effect describes the tendency to choose earlier answers in a list of elaborated options. When provided with a list of responses in a closed-ended survey question, respondents are more likely to choose earlier options, potentially creating a disconnect between respondents’ true beliefs and their chosen answers.The correct answer is: limited primacy effect

Question 134

There is significant concern in the community over a redevelopment plan. A community meeting will be held to discuss the matter. You know that a vocal member of the community will be there to oppose the plan. What is the first thing you should do at the meeting?Select one:a. Limit the time each community member has to speak
b. Write down the person’s concerns on a flip chart during the meeting
c. Go around the room and have everyone introduce themselves to make all feel welcome
d. Start a conversation with the person during the welcoming time

Answer 134

All of these are appropriate actions to take to effectively manage the meeting—but the first action should be to start a conversation before the meeting formally begins to allow the person to get their frustration out privately. Limiting time allows for everyone to have an equal voice in participating. Writing down concerns demonstrates that the person is being heard.The correct answer is: Start a conversation with the person during the welcoming time

Question 135

Which of the following would be the most effective method of public participation for a neighborhood plan?A. Inform neighborhood leaders of the plan developmentB. Complete the plan and then request that citizens commentC. Send a press release to the neighborhood online discussion forum inviting comments on a draft planD. Invite neighborhood members to host coffee talks to ask small groups of neighbors their opinions about plan optionsSelect one:a. A
b. C
c. B
d. D

Answer 135

Answer A, C, and D are all appropriate to include as part of a public participation process. The best option is to interact directly in two way communication with residents and meeting with residents in small groups results in direct interaction.The correct answer is: D

Question 136

The mayor of a mid-sized city asks the Planning Director to come up with a plan to redevelop an abandoned industrial site. Being a pragmatist, the director asks her staff to devise a plan for the industrial area following the steps outlined in the rational planning model. Which of the following steps would not be included?Select one:a. Set goals
b. Implement the selected alternative
c. Determine alternatives
d. Discuss alternatives with stakeholders

Answer 136

Rational planning typically involves these five steps: set a goal, come up with alternatives, evaluate the means against the ends, consider costs and benefits, and implement the best alternative. Discussing alternatives with stakeholders is not associated with the rational planning model (which is why the model is critiqued).The correct answer is: Discuss alternatives with stakeholders

Question 137

Planners are required by the AICP Code of Ethics to:I. Work toward social justice and provide choice and opportunity for everyone.II. Promote racial and economic integration.III. Acknowledge their special responsibility to those who have been historically disadvantaged.a. I and II
b. I only
c. All of these are correct.
d. II only

Answer 137

All of these are part of the requirement that planners represent all communities, particularly those that are least empowered. This is part of the Core Values that are embedded in the AICP Code of Ethics.The correct answer is: All of these are correct.

Question 138

Which of the following represents the best open-ended sample survey question?a. How would you describe your relationship to biogeochemical problems menacing our planetary health?
b. Why do you value the environment of your local community?
c. What are your biggest worries in the realms of local environmental and social justice policy?
d. Which additional environmental improvements would you like to see?

Answer 138

Open-ended questions should ask for specific recommendations to specific questions or scenarios. Questions that address two problems, questions that ask for people to describe difficult to communicate values and morals, and questions with unnecessarily complicated phrasings are not appropriate for surveys. The correct answer is: Which additional environmental improvements would you like to see?

Question 139

What information is needed to conduct a shift-share analysis? Select one:a. Employment by sector
b. Total employment for the community and industry employment for the nation
c. Industry employment for the region and industry employment for the nation
d. None of these options provide sufficient information for shift-share analysis

Answer 139

A shift-share analysis determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national and regional economic and industry factors. The analysis helps identify industries where a regional economy has competitive advantages over the larger economy. To conduct a shift-share analysis, one must know the industry employment for the region and the nation.The correct answer is: Industry employment for the region and industry employment for the nation

Question 140

Smart cities equitably integrate technology into planning to enhance city organization, future resilience, and the quality of life of residents. Which is a pressing concern for planners of smart cities?i. The smart city focus on technology will threaten the environment and nature in the name of digital progress.ii. With the abundance of data collected about urban residents, cities are vulnerable to cybersecurity threats.iii. Data gaps and inconsistencies can replicate existing biases and exacerbate inequality.iv. Access to broadband and digital services does not currently extend to all residents.a. I, II, III, and IV
b. II, III, and IV
c. II and III
d. I and II

Answer 140

Smart cities are defined as a city that equitably integrates technology, community, and nature to enhance its livability, sustainability, and resilience, while fostering innovation, collaboration, and participatory co-creation. A connection to nature and a focus on sustainability are inherent elements of true smart cities, thus making the other choices inaccurate. The APA identified cybersecurity and data privacy, data gaps and biases, and access gaps to technology as the biggest current challenges to smart city development and maintenance.The correct answer is: II, III, and IV

Question 141

When interviewing a resident about their opinions, what kind of statistical bias are you most likely to experience?a. Survivorship bias
b. Recall bias
c. Loss aversion
d. Selection bias

Answer 141

Recall bias occurs when interviewees present incorrect accounts or inaccurate data due to shortcomings of their own memory. This could easily happen in an interview setting.The correct answer is: Recall bias

Question 142

You work for a small city and you want to determine population based on county-level population estimates for the current year. Which of the following would be the best method for estimating population?Select one:a. Linear
b. Step-Down
c. Symptomatic
d. Cohort Survival

Answer 142

County-level information can easily be converted to the town level. Because of the small size of the community, it would be difficult to use the symptomatic and cohort survival methods.The correct answer is: Step-Down

Question 143

As a planner for the state who specializes in watershed planning, you are assisting a small, but rapidly growing, suburb that is experiencing significant increases in stormwater runoff ad resulting flooding in neighborhoods. Which of the following do you recommend as the best approach for the suburb to pursue?Select one:a. Floodplain regulations
b. Biophilic design principles
c. Maximum lot coverage regulations
d. Expand gray infrastructure

Answer 143

Maximum lot coverage regulations set limits on the amount of land that may be covered by impervious surface and can be helpful in stormwater management. Floodplain regulations only apply to properties in the floodplain and require buildings to be elevated.The correct answer is: Maximum lot coverage regulations

Question 144

A national organization wanted to estimate the proportion of physically active adults in the nation. The organization decided that it would be nice to have estimates for each state as well. To accomplish this, they took a random sample of adults within each state and combined the data to obtain a national estimate. What type of sampling plan is this?Select one:a. cluster sampling
b. systematic random sampling
c. simple random sampling
d. stratified random sampling

Answer 144

When subpopulations within an overall population vary, it is important to sample each subpopulation independently. In this case, taking a sample for each state. This improves the representativeness of the sample by reducing sampling error.The correct answer is: stratified random sampling

Question 145

Which of the following is not a step in the subdivision process?Select one:a. Registering the subdivision
b. Conducting a boundary survey
c. City Council approves the rezoning
d. The developer surveys the land

Answer 145

The correct answer is that the City Council approves the rezoning. A rezoning is not associated with the subdivision of land.The correct answer is: City Council approves the rezoning

Question 146

After completing an email survey of city residents about their preference for expansion of the transportation network in the city you are reporting the results to the City Council. One of the councilmembers asks you if the survey results could be biased? Which of the following is the best answer:Select one:a. The survey results were not biased because there was not a sample taken, the survey was sent to the complete population of residents with a garbage bill and email addresses
b. The survey was not biased because a stratified random sample of residents was taken
c. The survey was sent out via email to all residents who have provided their email address as part of their garbage bill. The result is that the survey results could be biased towards those who are homeowners and residents who use email.
d. The survey results are not biased because the demographics of the respondents were similar to the population of the city in terms of race, age, and income

Answer 146

Bias is the difference between the estimator’s expected value and the true value of the parameter being estimated. The more like the population the sample is the less likely the results are biased. Bias has to be carefully considered. For example, in this case, sending the survey through the garbage bill means that residents in apartment buildings where the complex provides the garbage service would not receive the survey and the results could be biased toward residents of single-family homes.The correct answer is: The survey was sent out via email to all residents who have provided their email address as part of their garbage bill. The result is that the survey results could be biased towards those who are homeowners and residents who use email.

Question 147

The required principles of sustainability according to the APA’s Sustaining Places initiative are:I. Harmony with NatureII. Healthy CommunityIII. Interwoven EquityIV. Resilient Biospherea. II and III
b. I, II, and III
c. All of these are correct.
d. I and IV

Answer 147

While a resilient biosphere is certainly important, it is not a required principle according to the APA’s Sustaining Places initiative. Instead, harmony with nature, healthy community, and interwoven equity are all required to build healthy and prosperous communities.The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Question 148

The planner for a county is estimating the current population by using the 2010 Census population as a starting point. He determines the number of single-family building permits that have been issued since 2000. He multiplies this number by the average household size to determine the number of people that have been added to the community. This method is known as which of the following?Select one:a. Cohort survival
b. Linear
c. Step-down
d. Symptomatic

Answer 148

Symptomatic population estimates include using local data such as utility connections or building permits to estimate the current population.The correct answer is: Symptomatic

Question 149

Which of the following is/are element(s) of T.J. Kent’s components of an effective master plan as noted in The Urban General Plan?I. Long range and generalII. Comprehensive and adopted at one time with all elements integratedIII. Focused on the physical development implications of socio-economic policiesIV. Identified as the City Council’s planSelect one:a. I only
b. I and II
c. I, II, and III
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 149

T.J. Kent defines the comprehensive plan as a community’s official statement of policies regarding desirable future physical development; the plan should be comprehensive in scope, general in nature, and long-range in perspective.The correct answer is: I, II, III, and IV

Question 150

The city of Plannersville is developing a downtown plan. Over the last 20 years, the downtown has experienced significant disinvestment. The plan calls for one activity node to be focused on downtown housing with a park in the center. Which of the following would be the most effective method for financing the park?Select one:a. Tax Increment Financing
b. LIHTC
c. GO bond
d. Special assessment

Answer 150

TIFs are best used in blighted areas that have the potential for an increased tax base. A TIF is used to finance public improvements through the increase in tax value on the surrounding property. A GO bond and special assessment could be used, but a TIF would be the most effective and politically feasible option.The correct answer is: Tax Increment Financing

Question 151

Telephone surveys provide quick data collection, but have which of the following limitations?Select one:a. Low response rate
b. Can have interviewer bias
c. High cost
d. Are statistically invalid

Answer 151

The best answer is that the interviewer can have a bias. Bias can be introduced whenever the surveyor needs to interpret responses. It is not possible to see the respondent’s facial expressions, so the surveyor might interpret certain responses in unintended ways. Telephone surveys are more expensive than mail surveys and online surveys, but they are not considered “prohibitively expensive.” Response rates have been declining, but the sample will be statistically valid if set up correctly.The correct answer is: Can have interviewer bias

Question 152

Which of the following do TIGER files NOT include?Select one:a. Ethnicity
b. Roads
c. Census blocks
d. Census tracts

Answer 152

The core TIGER/Line Files and Shapefiles do not include demographic data, but they do contain geographic entity codes (GEOIDs) that can be linked to the Census Bureau’s demographic data. They are not embedded in the TIGER files themselves, but can be linked to demographic data. https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/tiger-line.htmlThe correct answer is: Ethnicity

Question 153

What type of map uses scales of 1:25,000; 1:50,000; and 1:100,000?Select one:a. United States Geological Survey orthophoto
b. County soil
c. USEMA flood plain
d. United States Geological Survey topographic

Answer 153

These are the scales used in USGS topographic maps.The correct answer is: United States Geological Survey topographic

Question 154

Which type of legal description would include the following information? The SW 1/4 of the NE 1/4 of the SE 1/4 of Section 7Select one:a. Township-range
b. Plat
c. Subdivision
d. Metes and bounds

Answer 154

Township-range is the type of legal description that would include the information.The correct answer is: Township-range

Question 155

You are organizing a regional research summit to bring together professionals in the region with researchers at the university. You are organizing a panel that will focus on basic research and how it can be taken into practice. This is known as:Select one:a. Applied research
b. Community-engaged research
c. Translational research
d. Basic research

Answer 155

Translational research aims to make findings from basic science useful for practical applications that enhance human health and well-being. It is practiced in a wide variety, of fields such as environmental science and the health, behavioral, and social sciences.The correct answer is: Translational research

Question 156

There has been much debate in the region about the expansion of transit to bring people from low income areas into job-intensive areas of the region. Which of the following are key characteristics of a successful transportation negotiation process?Select one:a. A consensus on identified outcomes has been developed.
b. An understanding of issues and core values has been achieved, and a consensus on identified outcomes has been developed.
c. MAP-21 criteria are met.
d. Citizens are connected to jobs.

Answer 156

The other choices are outcomes of the negotiation process, rather than part of the process.The correct answer is: An understanding of issues and core values has been achieved, and a consensus on identified outcomes has been developed.

Question 157

You are the Director of Community and Economic Development for a large city. At a recent City Council meeting, you were directed to develop a response to a report issued by the regional MPO about trends in transportation in the region. Most of the report is focused on the impact cars are having on existing roads and the need for more freeways. The report indicates that the best way to reduce traffic congestion is to build more freeways and HOV lanes. You recognize that traffic is a hot button issue in your community, but you think the answer to traffic congestion is much more complicated than what is presented in the report. You have recently read reports that contradict the argument that building more roads solves traffic problems. In your report to the council, which of the following recommendations should you make?Select one:a. Recommend that key staff and councilmembers meet with the MPO to discuss the recommendations in the report and discuss how the MPO’s findings could be incorporated into long-range transportation planning in the city.
b. Ask the transportation division of your department to conduct a detailed transportation study and compare this to the findings in the report.
c. Advise the City Council to reject the report since its recommendations are based on flawed reasoning.
d. Recommend that the report as submitted be adopted by the City Council, with the stipulation that you will meet with the MPO to express your concerns.

Answer 157

MPOs and regional planning organizations are sometimes accused of prioritizing highway-building at the expense of transit, investment in transportation demand management, or other options. Your best course of action is to promote direct communication and try to emphasize the importance of integrating MPO objectives with the city’s long range transportation planning objectives, which are likely to include transit and other alternatives.The correct answer is: Recommend that key staff and councilmembers meet with the MPO to discuss the recommendations in the report and discuss how the MPO’s findings could be incorporated into long-range transportation planning in the city.

Question 158

A policy measure that provides environmental, economic, and social benefits is called…a. value-adjusted
b. internalized
c. stewardship
d. a triple-bottom line solution

Answer 158

The triple bottom line is a business and planning concept that argues firms should not focus on profit alone (the “bottom line”) but should also value environmental and social externalities and benefits. It is also referred to by the “three Ps”: profit, people, and planet.The correct answer is: a triple-bottom line solution

Question 159

How did federal housing policies in the 1940s and ’50s undermine the ability of African American families to build wealth?I. The first civilian public housing program frequently demolished integrated neighborhoods to create segregated public housingII. Federal programs failed to preserve historic neighborhoodsIII. The development of the suburbs was federally subsidized on a condition that they be only sold to white familiesIV. Suburban homes often had deeds that prohibited resale to African Americansa. I only
b. All of these are correct.
c. II, III, and IV
d. I, III, and IV

Answer 159

It was not that federal programs failed to preserve historic neighborhoods that undermined the ability of African Americans to own homes and grow their wealth. Instead, the failure to pass the Fair Housing Act until 1968 in combination with civilian public housing programs, along with the development of racially exclusive suburbs, that undermined the ability of African Americans to own homes and grow their wealth.The correct answer is: I, III, and IV

Question 160

Environmental advocacy groups are demanding that city representatives undo—and stop perpetuating—decades of unfair policies and practices that have left communities of color and low-income residents overburdened with toxic air pollution and other environmental health hazards. Which of the following recommendations is best to improve the environmental conditions of these communities?a. Hiring a diverse workforce for the planning team.
b. Prioritizing more compact, diverse, mixed-use development.
c. Making vacant lands an asset.
d. Establishing a graduated real estate transfer tax (to generate revenue in a progressive way).

Answer 160

The prioritization of compact, diverse, mixed-use development fosters more affordable housing and connections with public transportation that help address the spatial distribution of noxious land uses and improve the environmental conditions of poor communities. The other choices are all recommendations better suited for dismantling more general barriers that create inequities by race and income, not environmental racism specifically.The correct answer is: Prioritizing more compact, diverse, mixed-use development.

Question 161

___________ is an area with at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile.Select one:a. Urbanized Area
b. Urban Cluster
c. Census Tract
d. Metropolitan Statistical Area

Answer 161

Theterm “urban cluster” was added as part of the 2000 Census.The correct answer is: Urban Cluster

Question 162

You are Planning Director of a town increasingly concerned about the stresses of urban sprawl on the school system. One of the town’s councilmembers wants you to look into the possibility of establishing an Urban Service Limit Line to identify school boundaries within which urban development will be allowed in a graduated way during a specified time period. What do you advise the council member?Select one:a. An Urban Service Limit Line is not used to determine service areas
b. An Urban Service Limit Line was used in the 1960s but is no longer used
c. An Urban Service Limit Line is not appropriate for determining where public schools will be located
d. An Urban Service Limit Line could help determine where public schools will be located

Answer 162

An Urban Service Limit Line is a boundary, sometimes parcel-specific, located to mark the outer limits beyond which urban development will not be allowed. It has the aim of discouraging urban sprawl by containing urban development during a specified period, and its location may be modified over time. An Urban Service Limit Line does not determine where public schools will be located.The correct answer is: An Urban Service Limit Line is not appropriate for determining where public schools will be located

Question 163

A regional task force is working to develop a public participation plan to engage the region’s citizens in a dialogue about urban sprawl. You are working to develop a presentation that outlines key contributors to urban sprawl. You include all of the following except:Select one:a. Construction of a new regional mall
b. Urban service limits
c. Building of a package sewer plant
d. Extension of water and sewer lines

Answer 163

Urban service limit lines do not promote sprawl, they limit the areas into which infrastructure and public services can be delivered.The correct answer is: Urban service limits

Question 164

Which of the following was an important outcome of Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Company? I. Upheld zoning II. Found that zoning is a valid use of police power III. Euclid’s zoning ordinance became a standard used by many other communities Select one:a. I only
b. I and II
c. II and III
d. I, II, and III

Answer 164

The Euclid case found that zoning is a valid use of police power. That said, the ordinance was not very good (hence, the legal challenge), so other cities chose to write different ordinances.The correct answer is: I and II

Question 165

The Wagner-Steagall Act (Housing Act of 1937) was the first act to link public housing with slum clearance. What rule in the act continued segregation practices in the new housing?Select one:a. Status quo rule
b. Golden Rule
c. Consistent distribution rule
d. Neighborhood composition rule

Answer 165

The Wagner-Steagall Act of 1937 created a two-tiered policy of providing mortgage insurance to promote home ownership for the middle class, while creating public housing for the poor. The neighborhood composition rule created a class and race segregation. This means that public housing in white neighborhoods was reserved for white familiesThe correct answer is: Neighborhood composition rule

Question 166

The Mayor has established a goal of becoming the most pedestrian friendly community in the region. As part of the comprehensive planning process, you are assessing the walkability of the community. Which of the following toolshas proved particularly helpful in communicating the walkability of neighborhoods throughout the city?Select one:a. Level of Service Assessment
b. A Walkability Audit
c. A Sidewalk Map
d. WalkScore

Answer 166

Walkscore is an internet based large-scale, public-access index that assigns a numerical walkability score to any address in the United States.The correct answer is: WalkScore

Question 167

Walmart has recently announced plans to enter your metropolitan area opening five new supercenters. The City Council is concerned about the impact a new supercenter would have on the existing retailers in the community. What would be an appropriate policy response?Select one:a. All of these are correct
b. Enforce impact fees for retail development
c. Limit the maximum size of a retail store
d. Require a design review for new retailers

Answer 167

All of the other options would affect all retail, not just big-box retailers. Additionally, a major retailer would be able to afford to pay the impact fees or go through design review, where this might make it difficult for smaller retailers to build in your city.The correct answer is: Limit the maximum size of a retail store

Question 168

Which of the following is true about where young adults between the ages of 25 and 34 live?Select one:a. Their growth in inner ring suburbs has recently plummeted
b. More people in this age range live in central cities than in the suburbs
c. They are living closer to city centers (within 10 miles) than previous generations
d. Since 2010, many more are living outside of metro areas

Answer 168

Adults between 25 and 34 are living closer to city centers (within 10 miles) than previous generations, and young adults living outside metro areas in the U.S. plummeted in the 2010s. This age group is also living near city centers at a higher rate since 2010 than in the previous decade. Much of the growth is happening in urban areas just outside of downtown. However, in absolute terms, more people in this age range live in the suburbs, though growth has leveled off.The correct answer is: They are living closer to city centers (within 10 miles) than previous generations

Question 169

Which of the following would you include in the drafting of a zoning ordinance?I. Minimum lot sizesII. Maximum building heightsIII. Procedures for changes in zoningIV. Placement of infrastructureSelect one:a. I only
b. I and II
c. I, II, and III only
d. II only

Answer 169

A zoning ordinance would include information on lot sizes, building heights, and procedures. It would not include information on placement of infrastructure, which is more likely to appear in subdivision regulations.The correct answer is: I, II, and III only

Question 170

Which of the following is NOT a purpose of zoning?Select one:a. To attract business and industry.
b. To attract inappropriate uses.
c. To promote public health and safety.
d. To protect and maintain property values.

Answer 170

Attracting inappropriate uses is not a purpose of zoning.The correct answer is: To attract inappropriate uses.