PP Exam 4 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

According to the Department of Agriculture, how many acres has been developed in the United States each year?
A)
1.2 Million
B)
5.0 million
C)
1.8 Million
D)
2.2 million
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Answer

A

D(2.2 million).
Source, APA Planning Magazine October 2001, “Greening the American Dream?” by Trip Pollard, page 10. According to the Department of Agriculture, development consumed more than 25 million acres in the U.S. between 1982 and 1997, and the pace is quickening. Most recently, an average of 2.2 million acres is developed each year.

Question 2

Q

In what year did President Clinton create eight new national monuments and expanded one other?
A)
1997
B)
1998
C)
1999
D)
2000
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Answer

A

D(2000).
In 2000 President Clinton created 8 new national monuments in 5 western states: Canyons of the Ancients (Colorado); Cascade-Siskiyou (Oregon); Hanford Reach (Washington); Ironwood Forest, Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (Arizona); Grand Sequoia, California Coastal (California). He also expanded one existing national monument in California (Pinnacles). Source: www.planning.org

Question 3

Q

What is the expression given for “double income/ no kids couples”?
A)
DINKC
B)
DI/NKCS
C)
DINKS
D)
DINS
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Answer

A

C(DINKS).
Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, “Monster Houses? No” by Hinshaw, FAICP, page 27. DINKS stands for double income/no kids couples.

Question 4

Q

What is the local legislative branch which has the most power for zoning decisions?
A)
City Council
B)
Planning Commission
C)
Planning staff
D)
Zoning Hearing Officer
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Answer

A

A(City Council).
The governing body, called the City Council, or town board, has the most responsibility and power for zoning decisions. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Question 5

Q

Incentive Zoning can be described as which of the following?
A)
allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner
B)
add requirements “on top” of zoning districts
C)
allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design
D)
cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards
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Answer

A

D(cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards).
Zoning districts may be set up into different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from “taking over” another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design as well as flexibility in density and dimensional requirements. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements “on top” of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. (e.g.: density bonus) 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Question 6

Q

Policy Delphi can be defined as which of the following?
A)
a group of citizens who address themselves to proposals through workshop processes
B)
an intensive, interactive problem solving process
C)
a group that is presumed to represent the attitudes and ideas of the local groups
D)
successive rounds of argument and counter argument that work towards a consensus
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Answer

A

D(successive rounds of argument and counter argument that work towards a consensus).
Through successive rounds of argument and counter argument the views of the public, special interest groups, staff, and government work towards a consensus. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Citizen Participation in Planning” by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 135, Version 2002.

Question 7

Q

Which of the following can be described as scientific measurements that track environmental conditions over time?
A)
Environmental Impact Statements
B)
Non-point pollutants
C)
Environmental indicators
D)
Environmental Assessment
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Answer

A

C(Environmental indicators ).
Environmental indicators are scientific measurements that track environmental conditions over time.
Indicators help measure the state of our air, water and land resources. They also measure the pressures on them, and the resulting effects on ecological and human health.
Indicators show our progress in making the air cleaner, the water purer, and in protecting our land. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Question 8

Q

Gross land area is which of the following?
A)
the entire site that is being used for residential purposes
B)
the entire site that is above ground
C)
the entire site minus the undevelopable land
D)
includes the entire site
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Answer

A

D(includes the entire site).
FAR requirements specify if they apply to net or gross land area. Gross land area is the entire site. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 145.

Question 9

Q

This can be described as the value which divides the distribution into two equal parts.
A)
Mean
B)
Median
C)
Mode
D)
Range
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Answer

A

B(Median).
The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The “mean” is the average of a series of numbers. The “median” is the value that divides the distribution into two equal parts. The “Mode” is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The “Range” is the difference between the lowest and highest score.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 10

Q

SIC stands for which of the following?
A)
Southern Illinois College
B)
Standard Industrial Component
C)
Standard Industrial Classification
D)
Standard Institutional Classification
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Answer

A

C(Standard Industrial Classification).
SIC stands for Standard Industrial Classification. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Shift-Share Analysis” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, pages 194-196.

Question 11

Q

What was the title of Ian McHarg’s famous book?
A)
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
B)
Design with Nature
C)
Regional Survey of New York and Its Environs
D)
Site Planning
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Answer

A

B(Design with Nature).
McHarg wrote Design with Nature in 1969. This was the first book to describe an ecologically sound approach to the planning and design of communities, Design with Nature has done much over the past 25 years to shape public environmental policy. With a distinct emphasis on human cooperation and biological partnership in design, McHarg explores the relationship between the built environment and nature to illustrate how both can be used to their full potential without being detrimental or destructive to each other. Design with Nature provides a combination of scientific insight and constructive design, and shows how to employ what nature offers to the fullest extent without imposing limitations or design constraints to create a balanced and self-renewing environment.
Source: www.planning.org

Question 12

Q

Relating to an internal planning agency organization, which of the following could be described as being organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency?
A)
Organization by Function
B)
Organization by Process
C)
Organization by Geographic Area
D)
Organization by Time Frame
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Answer

A

C(Organization by Geographic Area).
There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: “Management and Organization of Planning” by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)”, 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Question 13

Q

Radburn, New Jersey, was built in the 1920’s and was planned by…
A)
Frederick Law Olmsted
B)
Ebenezer Howard
C)
C. Stein and H. Wright
D)
George Pullman
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Answer

A

C(C. Stein and H. Wright).
Radburn, New Jersey, built in the late 1920s, is renowned for its backyard footpaths and pedestrian underpasses. Its planners were Clarence Stein and Henry Wright. Source: www.planning.org

Question 14

Q

Riparian Rights can best be described as which one of these answers?
A)
Entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of the land below and the air above his/her property
B)
Entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of water on or bordering his/her property
C)
These are regulations put on a home at the time of purchase (e.g.: subdivision rules on paint color of the home)
D)
None of the above
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Answer

A

B(Entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of water on or bordering his/her property ).
Riparian Rights deal with the entitlement of a land owner to certain uses of water on or bordering his/her property, including the right to prevent diversion or misuse of upstream waters and is generally a matter of state law. Source:http://www.epa.gov/bioindicators/aquatic/glossary.html

Question 15

Q

United States adults average ____ minutes a day driving.
A)
10
B)
72
C)
30
D)
100
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Answer

A

B(72).
Source: APA Planning Magazine October 2001, “Above and Beyond: Fighting Small Town Sprawl” by Julie Campoli, Elizabeth Humstone, and Alex MacLean, pages 4-9. American adults average 72 minutes a day driving.

Question 16

Q

Which of the following is a commonly used measure of central tendency?
I. Mode
II. Median
III. Mean
IV. Chi Square
A)
I & II
B)
IV
C)
I, II & III
D)
II & III
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Answer

A

C(I, II & III).
The three common measures of central tendency are the mode, the median, and the mean. The mode is the number that occurs most frequently in a data set. The median is the number that is in the middle of a data set when the observations are placed in order. The mean is the average of a data set, calculated by dividing the sum by the number of observations.
Several measures help to describe or characterize a population. For example, a considerable number of measurements tend to congregate somewhere around the middle of the range of population measurements. Hence some “average” measure of the population would be useful. Such information is called a MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDANCY and several of these will be discussed.
Source: Sheffield Hallam University, Distance Learning

Question 17

Q

According to the Highway Capacity Manual (1994), if a roadway has a “E” service level, which of the following would best describe it?
A)
stable flow, moderate delays, and the speed is determined by traffic
B)
unstable flow, near capacity, limited speed, and very long delays
C)
free flow, high operating speed with no delays
D)
very low speeds, frequent stoppages, volume is greater than capacity
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Answer

A

B(unstable flow, near capacity, limited speed, and very long delays).
Source: “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level E is unstable flow, near capacity, limited speed, and very long delays

Question 18

Q

What is significant about Cincinnati, Ohio?
A)
the first American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan
B)
the first American City to create a Planning Commission
C)
the first City to use eminent domain
D)
All of the above
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Answer

A

A(the first American city to officially endorse a comprehensive plan ).
In 1925 Cincinnati, Ohio became first major American city officially to endorse a comprehensive plan. (Alfred Bettman, Ladislas Segoe.) Source: www.planning.org

Question 19

Q

This is an underground bed or stratum of earth, gravel or porous stone that contains water.
A)
Reservoir
B)
Bog
C)
Aquifer
D)
Deep well
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Answer

A

C(Aquifer).
Aquifer: An underground bed or stratum of earth, gravel or porous stone that contains water. Source: http://www.epa.gov

Question 20

Q

What type of vehicle’s are those having more than one occupant?
A)
High Visibility
B)
High Occupancy
C)
High Ridership
D)
High Transportation
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Answer

A

B(High Occupancy).
High Occupancy Vehicle’s (HOV) are those having more than one occupant. Examples include carpools, vanpools, buses, and mini-buses. Transportation systems may encourage HOV use by having designated HOV lanes. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Question 21

Q

What is the size of a standard stall for a full size car in a parking structure?
A)
7 feet by 18 - 20 feet
B)
9 feet by 18 - 20 feet
C)
9 feet by 14 - 18 feet
D)
9 feet by 17 - 18 feet
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Answer

A

B(9 feet by 18 - 20 feet).
According to Richard Rich and Michael Moukalian in “Dimensions of Parking”, in the chapter on the Design Structure, full size cars require stalls from 9 feet in width to 18 and 20 feet in length, while smaller cars can fit in 7.5 to 8 feet by 15-16 feet in length. Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159.

Question 22

Q

What can be described as a city plus it’s adjacent communities to which it is linked economically?
A)
Edge City
B)
Region
C)
Metropolitan area
D)
County
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Answer

A

C(Metropolitan area).
A metropolitan area is a city plus it’s adjacent communities to which it is linked economically. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Question 23

Q

What is the range for the average size of large auto racing tracks (e.g.: NASCAR) in the United States?
A)
100-400 acres
B)
400-750 acres
C)
400-over 1,000 acres
D)
over 2,000 acres
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Answer

A

C(400-over 1,000 acres).
There are 39 NASCAR, IRL (Indy Racing League) and large racing tracks in the US. They range from approximately 400 acres and over 1,000 acres. They cost on average, $150-$220 million to construct. They are generally built by private companies. Source: American Planning Association, Planning Magazine, October 2002, “Zooooom” by Mark Johnson, pages 8-13.

Question 24

Q

This can be a staged, three to five year prioritized program of transportation projects that cover a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan.
A)
Metropolitan Transportation Plan
B)
Federal Transit and Highway Grant
C)
Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)
D)
Transportation Strategy
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Answer

A

C(Transportation Improvement Program (TIP)).
A Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) can be a staged, three- to five-year prioritized program of transportation projects covering a metropolitan planning area which is consistent with the metropolitan transportation plan. The projects are recommended from those in the transportation systems management element and the long-range element of the planning process. This program is required for a locality to receive federal transit and highway grants. The selected projects need to be consistent with the transportation plan. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Question 25

Q

The symptomatic approach to calculating population utilizes changes in obtainable data that are predictive of population changes as a whole. Which of the following could be used to estimate current population?
I. Building Permits
II. New Telephone Hookups
III. New Electric Meters
IV. Voter Registration
A)
I, II & III
B)
I
C)
IV
D)
I, II, III & IV
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Answer

A

D(I, II, III & IV).
According to the Chapter Presidents Council of the American Planning Association, all are symptomatic measures for estimating current population.
Source: Chapter Presidents Council, APA, Study Manual for the AICP Exam, page 173.

Question 26

Q

Which of the following can be described as a group of problem-solving tools useful in achieving process stability?
A)
Statistical Process Control
B)
Regression Analysis
C)
Linear Programming
D)
Confidence Interval
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Answer

A

A(Statistical Process Control ).
A statistical process control is a group of problem-solving tools useful in achieving process stability. It also improves capability through the reduction in variability. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods”, page 163, 2002 Version.

Question 27

Q

The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act was passed in which year?
A)
1971
B)
1981
C)
1991
D)
2001
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Answer

A

C(1991).
In 1991, the Passage of Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) includes provisions for a National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes a historic preservation component.
Source:www.planning.org

Question 28

Q

Capital Budgeting can be described as which of the following?
1)stand-alone packages or programs
2)each package describes the what, the cost, who will benefit, and possible alternatives
3)projects can be ranked quickly and objectively
4)has been used for over fifty years
A)
1,2,3
B)
2,3,4
C)
1,2
D)
All of the above
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Answer

A

D(All of the above).
Capital budgeting has been used for over fifty years and uses more sophisticated analysis techniques in the recent years. It has stand-alone packages or programs. Each package describes the what, the cost, who will benefit, and any possible alternatives. The projects can be ranked quickly and objectively. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 29

Q

Geothermal power is best described as which of the following?
A)
electricity produced by sources that are less harmful to the environment than fossil fuels
B)
from deep beneath the earth where hot magma heats the underlying water or steam which is then converted into electricity
C)
wind turbines set up in clusters
D)
None of the above
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Answer

A

B(from deep beneath the earth where hot magma heats the underlying water or steam which is then converted into electricity).
Geothermal power comes from deep beneath the earth’s surface where hot magma (does anyone else picture Dr. Evil when they read that word?) heats the underlying water or steam which is then converted into electricity. Geothermal resources vary in temperature. Low-to moderate temperature (20°C to 150°C) geothermal resources are used to provide direct heat for homes and industry, while the high temperature (above 150°C) geothermal resources are used in electric power generation.
Source: http://www.energyguide.com

Question 30

Q

Which type of roadway can be described as interconnecting the principal arterials while providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas?
A)
major arterials
B)
collectors
C)
minor arterials
D)
local roads
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Answer

A

C(minor arterials ).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 155. See Figure One, Urban Systems. Minor Arterials can be described as interconnecting the principal arterials while providing less mobility and a moderate amount of land access, distributing travel to smaller areas, while interconnecting the Principal arterials.

Question 31

Q

This can be described as a device to provide flexibility within the zoning ordinance and are based on the idea that certain types of uses are permissible in a zoning district under certain circumstances.
A)
Nonconforming Use
B)
Variances
C)
Special Use Permit
D)
Exaction
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Answer

A

C(Special Use Permit).
Also known as conditional use permits or special exceptions. This can be described as a device to provide flexibility within the zoning ordinance and are based on the idea that certain types of uses are permissible in a zoning district under certain circumstances. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 120.

Question 32

Q

What is the width of a standard stall in a surface lot?
A)
6-7 feet
B)
7-8 feet
C)
8-9 feet
D)
9-10 feet
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Answer

A

C(8-9 feet).
According to Gerald Stocks and Ron Van Der Meid in the Urban Land Institute’s “Dimensions of Parking” in the chapter of Surface Lot Design, standard stalls widths in surface lots are between 8-9 feet. Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159.

Question 33

Q

Special District’s can be described as which of the following?
A)
the local government receiving the facility at the end of the lease term
B)
paid by those who benefit the most
C)
can be created to provide a single service
D)
All of the above
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Answer

A

C(can be created to provide a single service).
In financing and budgeting, Special Districts can be created to provide a single service. Examples include schools, toll roads, or parks. They could be created to avoid restrictive government debt limits. Also, to finance facilities that serve more than one jurisdiction. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 34

Q

Relating to a public planning agency, which of the following deals primarily with direct services?
A)
Staff function
B)
City Manager
C)
Line function
D)
Planning Commission
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Answer

A

C(Line function).
Relating to a public planning agency, Line Functions deal primarily with direct services such as police and fire services. Staff functions deal with general services such as providing information or services to the Line units. It should be noted that Public Planning involves both line and staff functions. Source: “Management and Organization of Planning” by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 104, from the “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)”, 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Question 35

Q

Linear Programming can be described as which of the following?
A)
a technique to find the optimum design solution for a project
B)
used to determine which steps in a project are most critical
C)
graphically depicts the interrelationships of the tasks that make up the project
D)
None of the above
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Answer

A

A(a technique to find the optimum design solution for a project).
Linear Programming can be described as a technique to find the optimum design solution for a project. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 36

Q

Which of the following are (is) true about the Tennessee Valley Authority:
1)It was created in 1944
2) Example of River-basin planning
3) involved rehab and redevelopment of the Tennessee Valley
4) Senator George Norris was a key figure.
A)
All of the above
B)
2,3,4
C)
None of the above
D)
1,2
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Answer

A

B(2,3,4).
The TVA was created in 1933 to provide for the unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the Tennessee Valley. It is America’s most famous experiment in river-basin planning. Senator George Norris of Nebraska fathered the idea, and David Lilienthal was its most effective implementer, built more than just dams.
Some of the results were that it provided low-cost electrical power to the people and industries of a whole river valley, deepened the river channel for navigation, created recreational sites, and reduced flooding.
Source: www.planning.org

Question 37

Q

Who designed Hampstead Garden suburb near London?
A)
Sir Raymond Unwin
B)
Ebenezer Howard
C)
Frank Lloyd Wright
D)
Ian McHarg
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Answer

A

A(Sir Raymond Unwin).
Source, www. York.ac.uk, Unwin, Sir Raymond
1863-1940, was an English architect and town planner. He designed the first English garden city near Letchworth, the New Earwick development in Yorkshire, and Hampstead Garden suburb near London. He lectured on housing and city planning at the Univ. of Birmingham (1911-14) and at Columbia Univ. (1936-40). His Town Planning in Practice (1909) is a standard work in its field. Also, and interesting note, Unwin was knighted in 1932.
In, 1940 Unwin died at the summer home of his daughter , Mrs. Curtice Hitchcock at Old lyme, Connecticut on June 28th at the age of 76.

Question 38

Q

The 1966 Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act….
1)was part of President Johnson’s “Great Society” program
2)started the “Model Cities” program
3)included a historic preservation portion
4)placed millions of dollars into public transportation
A)
1,2,3
B)
1,2
C)
1,3
D)
All of the above
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Answer

A

A(1,2,3).
In 1966 the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act launched the “model cities” program, an interdisciplinary attack on urban blight and poverty. A centerpiece of President Lyndon Johnson’s “Great Society” program. Source: www.planning.org

Question 39

Q

Which of the following cases dealt with a possible takings claim?
A)
Baker v. City of Milwaukee (1975)
B)
Construction Industry Assn. of Sonoma Co. v. City of Petaluma (1975)
C)
Golden v. Town of Ramapo (1971)
D)
FCC v. Florida Power Corp. (1987)
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Answer

A

D(FCC v. Florida Power Corp. (1987) ).
In this case, the Public utilities challenged a federal statute that authorized the Federal Communications Commission to regulate the rents charged by the utilities to cable television operators for the use of their utility poles. The Court rejected the takings claim because nothing in the statute required the utilities to act as lessors. Also, the utilities could avoid any occupation of their poles by evicting the cable operators. Source: www.communityrights.org

Question 40

Q

Kevin Lynch wrote which of the following?
A)
The Urban General Plan
B)
Design With Nature
C)
The Children of the Poor
D)
Image of the City
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Answer

A

D(Image of the City).
In 1960, “Image of the City” was written by Kevin Lynch. In the book, he defines basic elements of the city’s “imageability” (paths, nodes, edges, etc.)

Question 41

Q

Who wrote “The Intelligence of Democracy (1965)”?
A)
Alan Altshuler
B)
T.J. Kent
C)
Kevin Lynch
D)
Charles Lindblom
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Answer

A

D(Charles Lindblom).
In this book, Lindblom writes against the basic assumption that central control is necessary in a democracy.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning History Summary” by John M. Janson, AICP, PDO, Utah Chapter, APA, West Valley City, UT., page 80.

Question 42

Q

According to the US Census, a Census tract can be described as which of the following?
A)
homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants
B)
homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 40,000 inhabitants
C)
non-homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants
D)
non-homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 40,000 inhabitants
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Answer

A

A(homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants).
According to the US Census, a Census tract is a small, relatively permanent statistical subdivision of a county that is delineated by a local committee of census data users for the purposes of presenting data. Census tract boundaries normally follow visible features, but may follow governmental unit boundaries and other non-visible features. Tracts always lie within counties. Designed to be homogeneous units with respect to population characteristics, and economic status at the time of establishment, census tracts average about 4,000 inhabitants. They may be split by any sub-county geographic entity. Source:http://www.census.gov

Question 43

Q

In 1991, what family asked the City of Tigard, Oregon, for a permit in order to double the size of their electrical and plumbing supply store, and were asked by the City to dedicate part of their land to the City?
A)
Nolan
B)
Rolan
C)
Dolan
D)
Bolan
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Answer

A

C(Dolan).
In 1991, the Dolan family asked the city of Tigard, Oregon, for a permit in order to double the size of A-Boy West, the family’s electrical and plumbing supply store. In return, the City asked the Dolan’s to dedicate part of their adjacent land to the city–some of it within the Fanno Creek floodplain and some of it for a bike path. The Dolan’s sued the city claiming that their land was being taken without just compensation. In 1994, they won in the U.S. Supreme Court. Source: www.planning.org

Question 44

Q

This Supreme Court Case stressed that the police power is one of the most essential, and “least limitable,” powers of government.
A)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian
B)
Nollan v. California Coastal Commission
C)
Nectow v. City of Cambridge
D)
Agins v. City of Tiburon
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Answer

A

A(Hadacheck v. Sebastian).
Hadacheck v. Sebastian, 239 U.S. 394 (1915).
The Court upheld a municipal prohibition on brick making within city limits even though the ban allegedly reduced the value of Hadacheck’s land by 92.5%. The Court stressed that the police power is one of the most essential, and “least limitable,” powers of government. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Question 45

Q

In what case did the US Supreme Court find the government had done a taking involving the development of a marina style community, the Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899, and the decision that the government had lead the developer to expect that their property would remain private property?
A)
Nectow v. City of Cambridge (1928)
B)
ASP Associates v. City of Raleigh (1979)
C)
Kaiser Aetna, et al. v. united States (1979)
D)
Hadacheck v. Sebastian (1915)
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Answer

A

C(Kaiser Aetna, et al. v. united States (1979)).
In this US Supreme Court decision, the Court found that the government had gone too far and it constituted a taking. The court held that the government was physically invading a privately-owned marina by its action and as a result it must pay compensation.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 119.

Question 46

Q

According to the US Census, what can be described as the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau tabulates 100-percent data?
A)
Census Tract
B)
Census Block
C)
Census
D)
None of the above
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Answer

A

B(Census Block).
According to the US Census, a Census block is a subdivision of a census tract. A Census block is the smallest geographic unit for which the Census Bureau tabulates 100-percent data. Blocks may correspond to individual city blocks bounded by the streets, but blocks may also include many square miles and may have some boundaries that are not streets. The Census Bureau established blocks covering the entire nation for the first time in 1990. Previous censuses back to 1940 had blocks established only for parts of the nation. In Census 2000, over 8 million blocks were identified. Source:http://www.census.gov

Question 47

Q

Which of the following was created in 1933 and involved Senator George Norris as a key figure?
A)
Tennessee Valley Authority
B)
A-95
C)
American City Planning Institute
D)
Standard City Planning Enabling Act
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Answer

A

A(Tennessee Valley Authority ).
The Tennessee Valley Authority was created in 1933. Its mission was to provide for the unified and multipurpose rehabilitation and redevelopment of the Tennessee Valley. It is America’s most famous experiment in river-basin planning. Senator George Norris of Nebraska began the idea and David Lilienthal was its most effective implementer. They built more than just dams. It not only provided low-cost electrical power to the people and industries of a whole river valley, but it also deepened the river channel for navigation, created recreational sites, reduced flooding, reforested denuded areas, and experimented with collaborations between scientists and farmers to make farming practices in the valley more efficient.
Another effort by the TVA was the new town of Norris. It was built just outside Knoxville in 1934 to house workers on the Norris Dam. The plan for Norris was prepared by Earl Draper, head of TVA’s land planning and housing division, follows the Garden City tradition and takes advantage of the hilly and wooded site. In 1948 the town was sold to a private developer.
Source: www.planning.org

Question 48

Q

Peter Drucker is credited with creating which management technique?
A)
MBO
B)
MBI
C)
MBA
D)
MBN
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Answer

A

A(MBO).
In 1954, Peter Drucker is credited with creating the management technique called MBO (Management by Objective). It is a system that encourages mutual collaboration and cooperation in the achievement of organizational purposes. It is a goal and objective setting process between the administrator and his/her employees. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Question 49

Q

Sampling can be defined as:
A)
Making statements about a population based only on a part of the population.
B)
Making assumptions about the population based on a comparative review of the previous 2 census’.
C)
Making statements about a population based on the entire population.
D)
Measuring traffic flow from a commercial use.
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Answer

A

A(Making statements about a population based only on a part of the population.).
A sample is a subset of a population. Many populations are too large to measure, or cannot be measured. Consequently statistics relies on sampling and using information from the sample to make inferences about the population. Caution should be taken when determining a sample to represent the entire population.
Source: Terry Sincich, Statistics By Example, MacMillan Publishing, 1993.

Question 50

Q

What City has a trend occurring where people are working in its metro area and living 60 miles+/- away?
A)
LA
B)
Miami
C)
Chicago
D)
Houston
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Answer

A

A(LA ).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, February 2002, “The Inland Empire Strikes Back” by Fulton and Shigley, page 10.
This article discusses that people who work in LA cannot afford to live downtown, therefore, they have to commute miles away to the suburbs where utilities and roads have to be built and brought into the area.

Question 51

Q

What type of pollutants are those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a water body?
A)
Point
B)
Ambient
C)
Non-point
D)
Effluent
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Answer

A

C(Non-point).
Non-point pollutants are those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a body of water. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Question 52

Q

According to the ITE’s “Parking Generation”, which of the following has a peak parking space factor of 0.10 - 0.75 parking spaces per employee?
A)
industrial
B)
restaurant
C)
movie theater
D)
office and medical centers
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Answer

A

D(office and medical centers ).
A medical center has a peak parking space factor of 0.10 - 0.75 parking spaces per employee.
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, “Parking Generation”, 2nd edition, 1987.

Question 53

Q

This involves goals that are based on what already exists in the community and is a simple projection of what the community desires.
A)
Comprehensive Planning
B)
Strategic Planning
C)
Visioning
D)
Hoshin Planning
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Answer

A

C(Visioning).
Visioning is different from planning’s tradition of public meeting goal setting because the goals are typically based on what already exists in the community. It does not look at any of the existing opportunities or constraints n the community. It is a projection of what is desired. Visioning does not require extensive data collection. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Visioning” by Barbara Becker, AICP, Tucson, AZ., Page 66.

Question 54

Q

What can be described as a budget that starts from scratch every year?
A)
PPBS
B)
Zero Base
C)
Operating
D)
None of the above
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Answer

A

B(Zero Base).
Zero Base Budget can be described as a budget starting from scratch every year. Decision packages are used to justify programs existence. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Question 55

Q

Which of the following requires addressing “Five Big Questions”?
A)
Environmental Impact Statements
B)
Environmental Assessment
C)
An application for a TIF
D)
The 2000 US Census Short Form
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Answer

A

A(Environmental Impact Statements ).
These are the “big” five questions.
(i) the environmental impact of the proposed action,
(ii) any adverse environmental effects which cannot be avoided should the proposal be implemented,
(iii) alternatives to the proposed action,
(iv) the relationship between local short-term uses of man’s environment and the maintenance and enhancement of long-term productivity, and
(v) any irreversible and irretrievable commitments of resources which would be involved in the proposed action should it be implemented.
Source: The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969

Question 56

Q

What was the original name of the much anticipated invention by Dean Kamen that was revealed to the public in December 2001?
A)
IT
B)
HT
C)
HAL
D)
MINI
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Answer

A

A(IT).
Source, APA Planning Magazine February 2002, “The Human Transporter, is IT too good to be true” by Eric Waggoner. It’s been called IT, now it is called HT, the Human Transporter. A battery powered 2 wheeled self balancing human transporter.

Question 57

Q

Relating to a public planning agency, which of the following deals primarily with the provision of general services?
A)
Staff function
B)
City Manager
C)
Line function
D)
Planning Commission
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Answer

A

A(Staff function).
Staff functions deal with general services such as providing information or services to the Line units. Relating to a public planning agency, Line Functions deal primarily with direct services such as police and fire services. It should be noted that Public Planning involves both line and staff functions. Source: “Management and Organization of Planning” by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 104, from the “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)”, 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Question 58

Q

What case dealt with governments putting conditions on a development approval on the provisions of services?
A)
Akron v. Chapman (1953)
B)
Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994)
C)
Southern Burlington County NAACP v. Township of Mount Laurel (1975)
D)
Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo (1972)
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Answer

A

D(Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo (1972)).
The Court allowed the exclusionary device of performance standards to stand in this case. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 126.

Question 59

Q

All of the following are benefits to citizen participation except which of the following?
A)
Increased unity
B)
Better quality of political life
C)
weakens the representative form of government
D)
Stronger sense of community
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Answer

A

C(weakens the representative form of government).
There are some problems and benefits associated with citizen participation. Some benefits may be a better quality of political life, social problems are corrected sooner, the community is cohesive and there is strengthened unity. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Citizen Participation in Planning” by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 138.

Question 60

Q

What is the name of the proposal that involves tearing down the farm fences in the Great Plains and replanting native grass and restore the buffalo?
A)
Great Plains Restoration
B)
Great Plains Commons
C)
Buffalo Fields Restoration
D)
Buffalo Commons
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Answer

A

D(Buffalo Commons ).
Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “Small Can Be Beautiful” by Popper and Popper, page 22. This article discusses the concept of removing the farms in the great plain area of the US and replanting native plantings along with allowing the buffalo to roam freely. The planning issue here is also the fact that the number of people living out in the great plain area are dropping quickly.

Question 61

Q

Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo (1972) dealt with…
A)
performance standards that could take up to 18 years
B)
nonconforming uses
C)
definition of family
D)
height of buildings
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Answer

A

A(performance standards that could take up to 18 years).
The Court allowed the exclusionary device of performance standards to stand in this case. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 126.

Question 62

Q

What occurred on April 22, 1970?
A)
The first Recycling Day
B)
The passing of ISTEA
C)
The first Earth Day
D)
The first GIS day
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Answer

A

C(The first Earth Day ).
Earth Day is April 22 and began in 1970. Each year marks the anniversary of the birth of the modern environmental movement in 1970. Earth Day founder Gaylord Nelson, then a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, proposed the first nationwide environmental protest. Source:www.earthday.net. However, according to the American Planning Association website, the first Earth Day was on January 1, 1970. If you find that this is truly the correct answer please let us know.

Question 63

Q

On July 20, 2002, “Listening to the City” was which of the following?
A)
An event that involved around 5,000 people
B)
An event that took place in Manhattan
C)
A modern town meeting
D)
all of the above
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Answer

A

D(all of the above).
On July 20, about 5,000 New Yorkers gathered in Manhattan’s Jacob Javits Convention Center to participate in a modern town meeting called “Listening to the City”. It was one of the largest public workshops ever held. To get participation, organizers used remote responders to get opinions from the public on rebuilding Lower Manhattan. Source: APA Planning Magazine September 2002, “Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again” by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 4.

Question 64

Q

Non-point pollutants can be described as which of the following?
A)
those coming out of a pipe and into a body of water
B)
those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a water body
C)
Air pollution only, water is not classified in this form
D)
None of the above
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Answer

A

B(those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a water body ).
Non-point pollutants are those related to overland run-off of rainwater and has multiple entry points into a body of water. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Answer 65

A

A(Catherine Bauer Wurster).
Until her death in 1964, Catherine Bauer Wurster was a leading advocate for well-designed, low-income housing. Her 1934 book, Modern Housing, was one of the most influential of the time. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 66

A

D(2,266).
Source, APA Planning Magazine May 2002, “Monster Houses? Yes” by Lang and Danielson, page 24. It is a trend that is occurring in every city throughout the United States. Homes are getting much larger than in the past. Look at typical “teardown” development in older parts of towns. These new homes are being built to the maximum size allowed.

Answer 67

A

D(all of the above).
Over the last few years, the concept of “nodal development” has emerged in a variety of local forums as a means to better achieve goals for growth, transportation, and environmental protection.
Nodal development helps increase the percentage of pedestrian, bike, and bus trips and also helps to reduce congestion by decreasing the number and length of trips people choose to make by automobile.
The draft TransPlan (From Eugene) contains the following definition for nodal development:
Nodal Development is a mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly land use pattern that seeks to increase concentrations of population and employment in well-defined areas with good transit service, a mix of diverse and compatible land uses, and public and private improvements designed to be pedestrian and transit oriented. Fundamental characteristics of Nodal Development include:
design elements that support pedestrian environments and encourage transit use, walking, and bicycling;
a transit stop which is pedestrian accessible within approximately 1/4 mile of anywhere in the node;
mixed uses and a core commercial area so that services are available within walking distance (approximately 1/4 mile);
public spaces, such as parks, public and private open space, and public facilities, which can be reached without driving; and
a mix of housing types and residential densities that achieve an overall net density within the medium density range (at least 12 units per net acre).
Source, Planning Department of Eugene-Springfield Oregon’s Draft Transplan.

Answer 68

A

B(Transect Planning).
Source, APA Journal, Summer 2002, Vol. 68, No.3. “Transect Planning” by Andres Duany and Emily Talen, page 245. Transect planning is trying to create environments that preserve the integrity of each location along the urban to rural continuum. Rural elements must fit into rural locations, urban elements must fit into urban locations, similar to ecological systems where plants and animals live where it best suits their existence. Transect Planning could be a new approach to conventional zoning systems.

Answer 69

A

D(an intensive, interactive problem solving process ).
A charrette can be described as an intensive, interactive problem solving exercise. It is convened around a specific plan(s). Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Citizen Participation in Planning” by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 134.

Answer 70

A

D(Although it seems like an exciting opportunity you should decline the opportunity.).
According to the Planning Code of Ethics the best thing to do in this situation is to decline the opportunity and say no to investing in this development. One of the main thoughts that the APA is trying to make very clear to planners is to stay out of potentially unfavorable situations that could be construed as being unethical. In answer A, you should remember that, as in this example, your husbands financial interests are also your own. In answer B, your Director or boss should not give you permission to invest in this development. In answer C, your staff may recommend the development or show some sort of favoritism because they know that you are involved in its success or failure. Answer D, is the best on the four possible actions. Source: www.planning.org.

Answer 71

A

B(Death Valley, Calif.).
The lowest point in the US is Death Valley, California at 282 ft. (86 m) below sea level. Source:http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 72

A

D(Organization by Function).
There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: “Management and Organization of Planning” by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)”, 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 73

A

B(1,2,3).
In 1956 Congress passed the multibillion dollar Federal Aid Highway Act to create interstate highway system linking all State Capitals and most cities of 50,000 population or more. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 74

A

D(Fishbowl Planning).
Fishbowl Planning involves citizens addressing citizens regarding a proposal through a workshop format.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Citizen Participation in Planning” by Terry Langlois, AICP, Memphis TN, page 135.

Answer 75

A

C(add requirements “on top” of zoning districts).
Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from “taking over” another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design as well as flexibility in density and dimensional requirements. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements “on top” of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Answer 76

A

C(Scatter ).
A scatter graph lets you plot data points based on two independent variables.
Source: www.graphicsserver.com

Answer 77

A

A(A,C).
For the Census 2000, there are two types of urban areas. They are urban clusters and urbanized areas.
An Urban Cluster is a densely settled territory that has at least 2,500 people but less than 50,000 and was new for Census 2000.
An Urbanized area (UA) is an area consisting of a central place(s) and adjacent territory with a general population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile of land area. This land area has a minimum residential population of at least 50,000 people. The Census Bureau uses published criteria to determine the qualification and boundaries of Urbanized Areas.
Source: http://www.census.gov

Answer 78

A

C(foreshadowed the New Urbanism movement ).
In 1923 construction began at Mariemont, Ohio, in suburban Cincinnati. Mary Emery was its founder and benefactor; John Nolen, the planner. Some of its features (short blocks, mixture of rental and owner-occupied housing) foreshadow the contemporary New Urbanism movement. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 79

A

B(2).
There are more than 562 Federally recognized Tribes in the United States, including 223 village groups in Alaska. “Federally recognized” means these tribes and groups have a special and legal relationship with the U.S. government. This relationship is referred to as a government-to-government relationship.
Source:http://www.lvccld.org
According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); which is responsible for the administration and management of 55.7 million acres of land held in trust by the United States for American Indians, Indian tribes, and Alaska Natives. The BIA says that there are 562 federal recognized tribal governments in the United States.
Source:http://endangered.fws.gov

Answer 80

A

C(branding).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, “What Brand Are You?”, by Karen Finucan, August 2002, page 10. City Branding has the potential to build users for life and promote long term, profitable growth. Branding will become even more important in the future, as it will set communities apart for other communities. With “cybercommuting” and consulting increasing, branding will influence residential location decisions because people can live in the type of “branding” they are interested in. (e.g.: family-friendly, singles, etc…)

Answer 81

A

B(Zero Discharge).
Zero Discharge standards or natural runoff is the velocity of stormwater runoff that is not any greater after the development of the site than before the site was actually developed.
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 148.

Answer 82

A

C(Subdivision).
Subdivision regulations control and record the process of subdividing land. A result of subdivision regulations is the preservation of land records by platting and mapping. Another result is that developers design and construct developments properly. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 147.

Answer 83

A

A(created a model town for his company and employees ).
George Pullman (1831-1897) was a railroad tycoon and inventor of the Pullman railroad car. He was also a social inventor. In his model company town, Pullman, Illinois, he tried to combine the industrialist’s need for efficiency with the worker’s need for a decent home. The experiment failed because Pullman tried to regulate the private lives of his tenants and partly because of the economic problems that took over the project during the depression of the 1890s. Pullman was a free-standing town eight miles south of Chicago and it is now incorporated into the city and remains virtually intact. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 84

A

C(Dallas Area Rapid Transit).
DART is the Dallas Area Rapid Transit. This article discusses its use of Light Rail Lines throughout Dallas for public transit and to help ease sprawl and traffic congestion. In Dallas, property values around transit stations rose 25% since DART began in 1996. It also discusses Phoenix and Dallas in the article.
Source: APA Planning Magazine October 2000, “All Aboard” by Jane Holtz Kay, Page 14-19.
In addition to this transit system in Dallas, a Planningprep member submitted the following information for another DART in another part of the country.
DART is also the Delaware Administration for Regional Transit, a subsidary of DelDOT. (1985) It was originally the Delaware Authority for Regional Transit (1971). The Delaware Transit Corporation (DTC), a division of DelDOT has operated DART since 1995.

Answer 85

A

D(range).
The following are definitions used in quantitative methods. The “mean” is the average of a series of numbers. The “median” is the value of a distribution which divides the distribution into two equal parts. The “Mode” is the value of a distribution that has the most occurring frequency. The “Range” is the difference between the lowest and highest score. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Answer 86

A

A(land uses that are allowed by right).
There are generally three types of categories allowed in permitted land uses, these are described below. 1)Principle uses, these are uses that are allowed by right. 2)Accessory uses, these are land uses that are permitted only if they are incidental to the principle use. 3)Secial uses, these are land uses allowed only by a special review. There is another interesting use called Nonconforming use, these are legally established under the zoning regulations that were in effect at the time of their development and are a result of changes in the zoning ordinance. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Answer 87

A

A(an office ).
An office typically has a peak parking space factor of 0.5 - 3.0 parking spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. of Gross Leaseable Area (GLA).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 159, Figure 6, Ranges of Generation Factors. The source for this table is ITE, “Parking Generation”, 2nd edition, 1987.

Answer 88

A

C(Metropolitan Planning Organizations ).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 154. Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPO’s). Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is an association of local agencies established for mutual benefit and to help coordinate planning and development activities within a metropolitan region. Establishment of the MPO is required by law in urban areas of over 50,000 population if federal funds are to be used. The MPO is not a level of government. However, the MPO has “effective control” over transportation improvements within the area since a project must be a part of the MPO’s adopted plan in order to receive federal funding. Source: http://www.dot.state.tx.us

Answer 89

A

D(All of the above ).
Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs) can provide an economic incentive for preserving undeveloped land. TDRs create a market by which farmers, for example, can sell their development rights to someone wishing to develop in a receiving area for TDRs. Source:http://www.plannersweb.com

Answer 90

A

C(Census Designated Places).
Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “ The War of the Ages “ by C. Williamson, AICP, page 8. CDP’s are incorporated cities and unincorporated communities identified by the Census Bureau, usually with input from local and county planners.

Answer 91

A

C(takings).
Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon, 260 U.S. 393 (1922).
Pennsylvania Coal sold the surface rights to land. It did reserve the right to remove the coal from under the land. The state then enacted a statute that prohibited coal mining if it could cause damage to structures on the surface. The Court ruled that the restriction constituted a taking of the coal because the law made it commercially impractical for the company to mine the coal and thus had the same effect as appropriating the coal, which was recognized as a separate estate under state law. It was the first decision to hold that a land use restriction constituted a taking. The Court noted that “property may be regulated to a certain extent, but if the regulation goes too far it will be recognized as a taking. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 92

A

C(Recorded Plat System).
The correct answer is the Recorded Plat System also known as the “Lot and Block System”. This system uses lot and block numbers that are referred to in a plat map that is filed in the public records of the county where the land is located.
Source: “Modern Real Estate Practice in Illinois” Third Edition, Galaty, Allaway, and Kyle, Chicago, Illinois, 1999, Chapter Nine.

Answer 93

A

D(I & II).
Two civic and professional coalitions are leading the effort to rebuild lower Manhattan. One is the Civic Alliance to Rebuild Downtown New York, a coalition of 85 business, community, and environmental groups, convened by the Regional Plan Association in partnership with New York University, The Pratt Institute, and New School University. The second group is New York New Visions, a coalition of 21 planning and design groups led by the New York chapter of the American Institute of Architects, New York Chapter of the American Institute of Graphic Artists, and the APA’s New York Metro Chapter.
Source, APA Planning Magazine, September 2002, “Getting Lower Manhattan Moving Again” by Georges Jacquemart, AICP, page 7.

Answer 94

A

D(Project Management).
Project Management (PM) was developed in the 1960’s. It is focused on evaluating and then ranking the value of the results (outputs) by program instead of serving up costs (inputs).
Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Budgeting” by Dale F. Bertsch, AICP, Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1989 Department of City and Regional Planning, pages 199-205.

Answer 95

A

B(1978).
In 1978 the American Institute of Planners (AIP) and the American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO) merged to become the American Planning Association (APA). Source:www.planning.org

Answer 96

A

C(President Clinton created eight new national monuments and expanded one other ).
In 2000 President Clinton created 8 new national monuments in 5 western states: Canyons of the Ancients (Colorado); Cascade-Siskiyou (Oregon); Hanford Reach (Washington); Ironwood Forest, Grand Canyon-Parashant, Agua Fria (Arizona); Grand Sequoia, California Coastal California). He also expanded one existing national monument in California (Pinnacles). Source: www.planning.org

Answer 97

A

B(Saul Alinsky).
These organizations tend to develop where the residents feel helpless and powerless to make changes themselves. Also there is an existing institution to provide funds. Source: Planning History Summary, by J. Janson, AICP

Answer 98

A

B(Urban Cluster).
For the Census 2000, there are two types of urban areas. They are urban clusters and urbanized areas.
An Urban Cluster is a densely settled territory that has at least 2,500 people but less than 50,000 and this is new for Census 2000.
An Urbanized area (UA) is an area consisting of a central place(s) and adjacent territory with a general population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile of land area. This land area has a minimum residential population of at least 50,000 people. The Census Bureau uses published criteria to determine the qualification and boundaries of Urbanized Areas.
Source: http://www.census.gov

Answer 99

A

C(Agins v. City of Tiburon).
Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U.S. 255 (1980).
The Court rejected a takings challenge to the zoning ordinances that allowed the claimants to build between one and five homes on their five-acre parcel. Because the landowners had not submitted development plans as permitted by the ordinances.
The Court concluded that there was no concrete controversy regarding the application of the ordinances to the land. The Court also held that there was no facial taking because the ordinances did not deny the landowners of all economically viable use of the land and substantially advanced the State’s legitimate interest in preserving open space.
Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 100

A

D(All of the above).
Subdivision regulations control and record the process of subdividing land. A result of subdivision regulations is the preservation of land records by platting and mapping. Another result is that developers design and construct developments properly. They include, 1)land recordation, 2)local design and construction standards for improvements and lots, 3)dedication requirements in the form of land or cash-in-lieu, 4)use of developer’s impact fees, 5)the institution of growth management controls. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 147.

Answer 101

A

D(Louisiana).
Source, APA Planning Magazine, February 2001, “Divert a River, Save a Marsh” by Mike Dunne, pages 12-17. A more detailed summary of the APA article can be found in the “Other Resources” section of the site.

Answer 102

A

B(organized around the basic skills in a planning agency ).
There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: “Management and Organization of Planning” by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)”, 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 103

A

B(government action designed to stop serious harm does not constitute a taking even where it destroys the value of property ).
Keystone Bituminous Coal Assoc. v. DeBenedictis, 480 U.S. 470 (1987).
On facts similar to those in Mahon, the Court in Keystone rejected a facial takings challenge to the Pennsylvania Subsidence Act, which required that 50% of the coal beneath certain structures be kept in place to provide surface support. The Court reaffirmed Penn Central’s parcel-as-a-whole rule, rejecting the claim that the Act completely took 27 million tons of coal required to be left in the ground because that coal made up less than 2% of the total coal in the mines covered by the protections. In addition, the Court invoked the nuisance exception to conclude that government action designed to stop serious harm does not constitute a taking even where it destroys the value of property.
Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 104

A

A(indicates why various industries grew or declined in the number of employees).
Shift-Share analysis evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of a specific region’s industries. It shows how well the region’s mix of industries are performing, and how well the region’s individual industries are performing. This analysis examines three components of regional employment growth (National growth, Industry Mix, and Competitiveness) between two periods of time. These three components are added to obtain the total change in employment of a specific industry. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Shift-Share Analysis” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, pages 194-196.

Answer 105

A

D(Sonoran Desert Conservation Plan).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, March 2002, “Outstanding Planning: A Plan”, by Blake Morlock, page 6. The plan has taken conservation planning to the next level by integrating cultural resources, ecosystems, economic growth, with future development. The plan covers the desert expanse of Pima County’s 9,000 square miles.

Answer 106

A

C(PSD Standards).
PSD Standards are air quality standards aimed at preventing the significant deterioration of existing high quality air by enforcing strict effluent controls on new polluters in the region. LB Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Answer 107

A

B(Smart Decline ).
Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “Small Can Be Beautiful” by Popper and Popper, page 20. This is what planners can do when communities begin to shrink rather than grow. Smart decline requires thinking about who and what remains.

Answer 108

A

D(Smart Growth Planning).
Source, APA Journal, Summer 2002, “The New Regionalism” by Stephen Wheeler, page 269. By the mid 1990’s there was concern about growth management, and a national movement sometimes called “smart growth” had grown. This growth management effort raised questions of regional planning, since because there was an absence of regional coordination, initiatives by local jurisdictions could be undercut by neighboring communities.

Answer 109

A

B(H-axis).
An H-axis Washing Machine is a front loading washing machine, long common in Europe but not in the US, and uses a tumble action washing method. These machines have been shown to use much less energy and water, and are reported to cause less wear and tear on clothes. Source:http://www.energyguide.com

Answer 110

A

A(1850).
According to some sources the first elevator was installed in New York, N.Y. in 1850.
Source:http://www.infoplease.com
However, according to “the elevator museum”, the elevator was invented in 1852 (not 1850) by Elisha Graves Otis in Yonkers, NY. It continues to say that in 1854 Elisha Grave Otis demonstrated the first safety elevator at the New York exposition in the Crystal Palace proving elevator travel for passengers was safe.
Source: http://www.theelevatormuseum.org
The chances of this question being on the actual exam are slim, however, the point of planningprep asking you a question like this is it to show you the full range of questions that they can pull from.

Answer 111

A

A(1).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 158, Figure 5, Average Vehicle Trip Rates. The average vehicle trip rate for Single Family Residential is 9.1 to 10.2, Planned Unit Developments is 7.9, Duplexes and Townhomes is 7.0, Apartments is 6.0, Condominiums is 5.9, Mobile Homes is 5.5, and Retirement Homes is 3.5. Source: Quick Response Urban Travel Estimation Techniques and Transferable Parameters (1987)

Answer 112

A

D(time phasing of development).
In this case, the Court allowed the time phasing of future growth until performance conditions were met. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Planning Law” by Sharon Puryear, AICP, Greensboro, NC, page 126.

Answer 113

A

A(a wind farm).
The most common commercial use of wind power today is for running turbines that generate electricity. Wind turbines are often set up in clusters, called wind farms, and the electricity generated is fed into the grid. Source:http://www.energyguide.com

Answer 114

A

C(showed the biggest growth in Hispanic population).
Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “A City Transformed “ by Karen Martin, page 14. The 2000 Census revealed that North Carolina, with a 394 percent increase, showed the country’s greatest growth in Hispanic population.

Answer 115

A

A(Tribal).
On each reservation, the local governing authority is the tribal government. The States in which the reservations are located have limited powers over them, and only as provided by Federal law. On some reservations, however, a high percentage of the land is owned and occupied by non-Indians. Some 140 reservations have entirely tribally-owned land.
Source:http://www.em.doe.gov

Answer 116

A

A(Village of Euclid vs. Ambler Realty Co.).
On November 22, 1926, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the zoning ordinance adopted four years earlier by Euclid, Ohio, was constitutional. The six-to-three decision in Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co. legitimized zoning as a way of controlling land uses. It also started a longstanding argument on zoning’s pros and cons.
Euclid was a tiny farming community on the outskirts of Cleveland when the village board approved the village’s first-ever zoning code in 1922. The accompanying map divided the village into six use districts: single family, two family, apartment house, retail-wholesale stores, commercial, and industrial. Included in the residential districts were parts of a 68-acre tract along Euclid Avenue owned by Cleveland’s Ambler Realty Company—land that the company had planned to sell to industrial users.
The realty company, joined by 14 other landowners, responded to the code with a lawsuit, the first zoning suit to be filed in a federal court. They won that round, with the help of a more-than-competent lawyer, Newton D. Baker, a former Cleveland mayor and Woodrow Wilson’s secretary of war. Federal district court Judge David Westenhaver declared in January 1924 that the Euclid ordinance was an improper use of the village’s police power and thus was unconstitutional.
Euclid attorney James Metzenbaum didn’t give up. He appealed the decision directly to the U.S. Supreme Court, arguing that zoning was needed to protect the character of the community. Baker responded with a general attack on zoning. “To subdivide a municipality, to classify it and crystallize restrictions into laws, is to embed a fly in amber,” he said.
Just when Euclid seemed to be losing, Cincinnati lawyer and planning pioneer Alfred Bettman saved with the day with a friend-of-the court brief in which he contended that zoning was a valid form of nuisance control and thus a reasonable exercise of the police power. The argument won over Justice George Sutherland, who issued the landmark opinion favoring Euclid.
Source: www.planning.org

Answer 117

A

D(All of the above).
The Act’s legislation was passed in 1934 in an attempt to secure new rights for Native Americans on reservations. Its main provisions were to restore to Native Americans management of their assets (mostly land); to prevent further depletion of reservation resources; to build a sound economic foundation for the people of the reservations; and to return to the Native Americans local self-government on a tribal basis. The objectives of the bill were pursued until the outbreak of World War II.
Source:http://www.slider.com

Answer 118

A

D(Dolan v. City of Tigard).
Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U.S. 374 (1994).
Dolan sought a permit to expand a retail store and paved parking lot. The city conditioned the permit on a dedication of land for use as a public greenway to minimize flooding and as a bike and walking path to reduce street traffic. Although the Court determined that the dedication requirement met the Nollan nexus test, the Court ruled that to survive scrutiny under the Takings Clause, the dedication must be “roughly proportional” to the expected impact of the proposed development. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 119

A

A(1,2).
The 1947 Housing and Home Financing Agency (predecessor of HUD) was created to coordinate federal government’s various housing programs.

Answer 120

A

C(Point).
Point pollutants are those coming out of a pipe and into a body of water. Source: Environmental Planning, by Steven Gordon, AICP, 1989, The Ohio State University.

Answer 121

A

D(Hawaii).
In 1961, Hawaii became the first state to institute statewide zoning. On some parts of the APA website it also states that Hawaii is the first state to adopt state wide planning as well. I am not sure if they mean this to be the same or not, but I would just keep this in mind that Hawaii was the first to do state wide (either zoning or planning) if it is ever asked on the exam. Source: www.planning.org

Answer 122

A

A(Performance).
Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from “taking over” another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements “on top” of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Answer 123

A

D(Frank Lloyd Wright ).
Broadacre City had varied lot sizes with the family (minimum per acre). Its main problems were that its agrarian romantic ideas did not work, it failed to consider the economic facts and social revolutions, and also, it only accommodated the very rich.

Answer 124

A

C(organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions).
There are four organizational structures that are most commonly used. Organization by Function (organized around the basic functions of urban decision making such as land use, and transportation) Organization by Process (organized around the basic skills in a planning agency such as research, and design) Organization by Time Frame (organized around the time it takes to complete the basic functions such as long range, and current planning). Organized by Geographic Area (organized around the physical areas of responsibility of the agency). Source: “Management and Organization of Planning” by Louise Mercuro, AICP, page 108, from the “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP)”, 2002 version, Chapter Presidents Council.

Answer 125

A

C(I, II & III).
The 20,000 sq. ft. roof was completed in June 2001 as an experimental laboratory. At the time of construction, the cost of the roof was more expensive than traditional roofs, however the Mayor of Chicago chose an environmentally friendly alternative. The advantages of the “green roofs” are continuing to grow.
Source: APA Planning Magazine, January 2002, “Greening Chicago” by Nancy Seeger, pages 25-27.

Answer 126

A

B(Homestead Act 1862).
Homestead Act (1862) opened the lands of the Public Domain to settlers for a nominal fee and five years residence.
Source: www.planning.org

Answer 127

A

C(Reservoir).
A reservoir is a pond, lake, tank or basin, natural or man-made, used for the storage, regulation and control of water. Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 128

A

A(1).
The San Diego Regional Energy Office has a Cool Savings for Cool Roofs program that gives incentives to building owners that install reflective roofing materials. This lowers air conditioning loads by minimizing heat absorption. SDREO stands for San Diego Regional Energy Office. This energy office was created in 1996 by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). Source: American Planning Association, Planning Magazine, October 2002, “Who’s Got Energy? What Cones to Mind?” by Jim Schwab, AICP, pages 4-7.

Answer 129

A

B(NAFTA).
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among U.S., Canada and Mexico begins on January 1, 1994, its purpose is to foster trade and investment among the three nations by removing or lowering non-tariff as well as tariff barriers.
Source: www.planning.org

Answer 130

A

D(All of the above).
Ecoregions are intended to provide a spatial framework for ecosystem assessment, research, inventory, monitoring, and management. These regions delimit large areas within which local ecosystems reoccur more or less throughout the region in a predictable pattern. By observing the behavior of the different kinds of systems within a region it is possible to predict the behavior of an unvisited one.
Ecoregions should be thought of as multi-purpose regions, designed to show areas within which the aggregate of all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem components is different from or less variant than that in other areas.
Source:http://www.epa.gov

Answer 131

A

D(F).
Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions. Level F is described as having very low speeds, frequent stoppages, and volume greater than capacity.

Answer 132

A

C(Southern California Association of Governments).
Source: APA Planning Magazine, February 2002, “The Inland Empire Strikes Back” by Fulton and Shigley, page 12. In 2002, the six-county Southern California Association of Governments issued a report called the New Economy and Jobs/Housing Balance in Southern California.

Answer 133

A

A(zoning ).
Nectow v. City of Cambridge, 277 U.S. 183 (1928).
In this due process case, the Court invalidated a zoning ordinance as applied to a landowner whose land was restricted to residential uses. Relying on the findings of a master that the zoning did not promote health, safety or general welfare, the Court struck down the ordinance as applied because it did not bear a substantial relation to these goals. Source: http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 134

A

D(Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency).
Suitum v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency, 520 U.S. 725 (1997).
Suitum argued that the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency effected a regulatory taking when it determined that her residential lot was ineligible for development under restrictions designed to protect Lake Tahoe. The Agency argued that the claim was unripe because Suitum had not attempted to sell TDRs to which she was entitled. After reaffirming its established ripeness doctrine in takings cases, the Court held that the claim was ripe because the value of her land could be determined without a sale of the TDRs. Source:http://www.communityrights.org

Answer 135

A

A(Phoenix, Ariz.).
Phoenix, Ariz. had a 2000 census population of 1,321,045, and a 1990 census population of 983,403. An increase in population of 337,642, or 34.3%. It moved from 10 on the list in 1990 to 6 in 2000. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 136

A

C(Berman v. Parker 1954).
In 1954, Berman v. Parker, the U.S. Supreme Court upholds right of Washington, D.C. Redevelopment Land Agency to condemn properties that are unsightly, though non-deteriorated, if required to achieve objectives of duly established area redevelopment plan. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 137

A

C(a city plus it’s adjacent communities to which it is linked economically).
A metropolitan area is a city plus it’s adjacent communities to which it is linked economically. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 138

A

B(Euclidian).
Pressure has grown for zoning to regulate land uses in many different ways from traditional Euclidian zoning’s uniform restrictions to each class of building or kind of building in each zoning district. Now, zoning involves complex and site by site controls for development that reflect sometimes diverse and conflicting policies. Even though zoning is now so complex, Euclidian-based zoning is still the dominant zoning form. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 141-142.

Answer 139

A

B(North Carolina).
The 2000 Census revealed that North Carolina, with a 394 percent increase, showed the country’s greatest growth in Hispanic population. Source, APA Planning Magazine July 2002, “A City Transformed “ by Karen Martin, page 14.

Answer 140

A

D(Exclusive Classification).
Zoning districts may be set up into many different ways. 1. Cumulative (or pyramid), this is when permitted uses automatically accumulate from one district to each successive one. In this, the single detached residence is the top. 2)Exclusive classification, allows no uses in districts than the uses for which they were created. An example for this is to stop residential from “taking over” another land use like commercial and then protesting when a commercial use is proposed. 3)Performance Standards, establish objective thresholds and maximum limits of the effects or characteristics of a land use (e.g.: allowable amount of noise). 4)Performance Zoning, regulates the character of the use instead of simply just regulating the use itself. 5)Mixed-Use districts, permitting mixed uses. 6)Planned Unit Developments (PUD), allows a mix of uses and flexibility in design. 7) Overlay zones, these add requirements “on top” of zoning districts. 8)Incentive Zoning, cities can use these to encourage development that exceeds the minimum standards. 9)Transferable Development Rights (TDR), allows property owners with limited development rights to buy additional rights from another property owner. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Development Regulations” by Teresa Wilkinson, AICP, Gretna, LA, page 142-144.

Answer 141

A

A(unstable flow, fluctuating speeds, and long delays ).
Level D is unstable flow, fluctuating speeds, and long delays. Source: “Study Guide, Comprehensive Planning Examination of the AICP”, Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, chapter entitled, “Transportation Planning” by Ben Orsbon, AICP, Pierre, SD., page 156. See Figure 3, Roadway Level of Service Descriptions.

Answer 142

A

B(Columbia, Maryland).
Columbia now has more than 83,000 residents and 2,500 businesses and industries. After retiring from the Rouse Company in 1981, James Rouse devoted his time to the Enterprise Foundation, a nonprofit organization that has helped produce over 61,000 units of housing for the poor. Columbia, Maryland is situated about halfway between Washington and Baltimore, featuring some class integration and the neighborhood principle. LB Source: www.planning.org

Answer 143

A

B(Snout House).
Source, APA Planning Magazine, June 2001, “Love Me, Love My Garage” by Ruth Knack pages 16-19. Snout houses are homes that have the garage in the front closest to the street than the actual residence.

Answer 144

A

B(Linear Programming).
Linear Programming can be described as a technique to find the optimum design solution for a project. Source: “Study Guide Comprehensive Planning Examination of the American Institute of Certified Planners” Published by Chapter Presidents Council American Planning Association, “Quantitative Methods” pages 162-164.

Answer 145

A

B(Munn v. Illinois (1876)).
The issue in this case was whether the regulation of railroad rates by the state of Illinois deprived the railroad companies of property without due process of law, put another way, the issue of public-private property/free enterprise v. State rights.
The Supreme Court of the United States upheld the Illinois law because the movement and storage of grain were considered to be closely related to public interest. This type of economic activity could be governed by state legislatures, whereas purely private contracts could only be governed by the courts. Source: www.tourolaw.edu.

Answer 146

A

B(1969).
NEPA was passed by Congress in 1969. National Environmental Policy Act passed and Environmental Protection Agency created. Source: http://cfpub.epa.gov

Answer 147

A

B(1991).
In 1991, the Passage of Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) was passed. It includes provisions for a National Scenic Byways Program and for transportation enhancements, each of which includes a historic preservation component. Source:www.planning.org

Answer 148

A

A(metropolitan).
In 2000, 80.3% of Americans or 226 million people lived in metropolitan areas, up slightly from 79.8% or 198.4 million people in 1990. Source: http://www.infoplease.com

Answer 149

A

B(Federal Property Administration Act of 1949 ).
Source, APA Planning Magazine, “Catching the Brass Ring: How to Acquire Military Land” by John E. Vranicar, Pages 16 to 21. The military is one of the largest landowners. From 1ac to 10,000ac. Some communities acquire them from the Department of Defense (DOD).
• The Federal Properties Administration Act (1949) is used to dispose of Federal property.
• When property is no longer needed, declared surplus, other federal agencies have the chance to bid for the property, if not, the General Services Administration sells it at a public auction, or if there are still no takers, transfers is at no cost.
• There is a second way for a community to acquire military land. The Law also permits a land exchange. If vacate it can be a quick swap. If there is a military building than the community has to replace it for the military somewhere else.
• There is a third way. The DOD can lease the land to the community at fair market rent.
• A forth way. Special Legislation – ensures property is conveyed to local community and no one else.
• Santa Barbara – Special Legislation – bought back from the navy (at the cost of replacing the building down the coast) a building along its waterfront.
• Jersey City – Port Libertee Development. (Golf course/residential development and most of the land was owned by the military.
• Phoenix – expansion of Sky Harbor International Airport.
• O’Hare – expanded to build United Airlines HQ. Base next to it closed down if City would pay to relocate the air force facility to Scott, southern Illinois. In 1999, this occurred.
• BRAC Commission (Base Closure Act)

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