P Exam 4

Question 1

Which of the following cases was a test of the 14th Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses?Select one:a. Young v. American Mini Theaters
b. Metromedia v City of San Diego
c. Pennsylvania Coal Co. v. Mahon
d. Hadacheck v. Sebastian

Answer 1

Hadacheck v Sebastian was a zoning case testing whether a Los Angeles zoning ordinance violated the 14th Amendment Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses. The Supreme Court found that the ordinance prohibiting the location of a brick manufacturing plant in a specific location in the city did not violate the 14th amendment.The correct answer is: Hadacheck v. Sebastian

Question 2

To mitigate environmental injustices from the past and prevent further injustices in the future, planners must work closely with the communities that they serve. Which of the following is not a way for planners to collaborate with communities affected by environmental injustice?a. Publishing academic articles about environmental justice.
b. Offering technical expertise.
c. Building coalitions and shared goals across communities.
d. Bridging the impacted community with government resources.

Answer 2

While planners do rely on current trends in the profession and in academia to adapt to the challenges of environmental injustice, publishing academic articles does not, on its own, improve the relationship between planners and the communities they serve. Instead, bringing together resources and coalition-building offers planners the opportunity to learn from and develop a better relationship with the community.The correct answer is: Publishing academic articles about environmental justice.

Question 3

Which of the following takings tests was established in Agins v. City of Tiburon?Select one:a. Deprives property of all economically viable use
b. Creates a nuisance
c. Contains a rational nexus
d. There is a reasonable relationship between the exaction and property

Answer 3

In this 1980 case, the appellants had acquired five acres of unimproved land for residential development. The zoning ordinance placed the appellants’ property in a zone with density restrictions (one single-family residence per acre). The appellants brought suit against the city in state court, alleging that the city had taken their property without just compensation. The Court upheld a city’s right to zone property at low-density and determined that the zoning was not a taking. NOTE that portions of this case were overturned in Lingle v. Chevron (2005).The correct answer is: Deprives property of all economically viable use

Question 4

Of the following, which is the highest rung on Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation?a. Consultation
b. Participation
c. Therapy
d. Partnership

Answer 4

The Arnstein Ladder of Citizen Participation steps are as follows (in ascending order): Manipulation, Therapy, Informing, Consultation, Placation, Partnership, Delegated Power, Citizen Control.The correct answer is: Partnership

Question 5

The city you work for in California has been experiencing significant growth, and the planning commission has asked you to investigate ways of putting in rules that would phase development. You advise that the phasing of development should be contingent on performance standards being met. What legal case are you relying on?Select one:a. Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty
b. Construction Industry Association of Sonoma County v. City of Petaluma
c. Fred French Investing Company v. City of Los Angeles
d. Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore

Answer 5

The city of Livermore enacted an ordinance prohibiting issuance of new residential building permits until local educational, sewage-disposal, and water-supply facilities complied with specified standards. The Associated Home Builders Associations of Greater Eastbay, Inc., Plaintiffs, brought suit to prevent the implementation of the ordinance on the grounds that the ordinance was unconstitutional. The California Supreme Court ruled that if a municipal land use ordinance is reasonably related to the public welfare, then the ordinance is a valid exercise of the police powers.The correct answer is: Associated Home Builders of Greater East Bay v. City of Livermore

Question 6

The city is considering building a new baseball stadium for the minor league baseball team. The city anticipates seeking a private developer to build the stadium. When construction is complete, the city would commit to purchasing the property and stadium. You have been asked to calculate the capitalization rate to determine if this is an appropriate investment of city resources. Which of the following pieces of information do you need to calculate the capitalization rate?Select one:a. Net operating income and purchase price
b. Net operating income
c. Purchase price and cost of dept service
d. Number of expected visitors and net operating income

Answer 6

A capitalization rate is the rate of return on a real estate investment, based on the income the property is expected to generate. The capitalization rate is calculated by dividing the income the property will generate (subtracting known costs) by the total value of the property.The correct answer is: Net operating income and purchase price

Question 7

The _______ is the maximum population size that can be supported or sustained by a given environment.Select one:a. Population Capacity
b. Net Population
c. Linear Growth Pyramid
d. Carrying Capacity

Answer 7

The carrying capacity is the maximum population that can be supported in a given environment.The correct answer is: Carrying Capacity

Question 8

What is the smallest Census geographic unit for which the Census Bureau collects 100-percent data?Select one:a. Census block group
b. Census block
c. Census tract
d. Census place

Answer 8

As summarized in this PDF “Which Data Set is Right For Me?”, decennial census block data is a 100% count. Census blocks are the smallest geographic unit used by the census.The correct answer is: Census block

Question 9

In preparing a physical plan for a site within an urban center, which of the following types of maps would be LEAST useful?Select one:a. Parcel map
b. Utilities map
c. Topographic map
d. Census Map

Answer 9

A census map shows the outline of census tracts, blocks, and other census boundaries. This information is not needed to prepare a site plan.The correct answer is: Census Map

Question 10

Which of the following can be a problem in a charrette process?Select one:a. Incomplete information
b. Not inviting key stakeholders
c. No commitment to an outcome
d. All of the above

Answer 10

A charrette process should have the right people at the event—inviting key stakeholders is essential. Participants should have access to appropriate and complete information where possible. And leadership should be committed to an outcome as defined in the process.The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is not a component of a successful a charrette process?Select one:a. The participation of elected officials
b. A clearly defined problem
c. The participation of a licensed architect
d. Consistent participation

Answer 11

It is not necessary to have a licensed architect as part of a charrette process. Charrette processes do typically involve design professionals, citizens, public officials etc. However, it is not necessary to have a licensed architect.The correct answer is: The participation of a licensed architect

Question 12

A charette is best used for…a. a design project that does not require participatory planning to be successful.
b. a visible design project that will impact people’s lives.
c. a planning project with a long-term design and implementation plan.
d. a project with a primary “visionary” or sole leader.

Answer 12

A charrette is an intense, short-term workshop that strives to design a land use planning project or envision a solution to a planning problem. Charrettes are best for uniting multiple stakeholders in close collaboration on a distinct project that people will interact with often, such as a public park or transportation station or system.The correct answer is: a visible design project that will impact people’s lives.

Question 13

Operations and long-term maintenance costs should be considered in which of the following budgeting techniques?Select one:a. Performance budgeting
b. Zero-Based Budget
c. Planning Programming Budget System
d. Capital Improvement Plan

Answer 13

The best answer is CIP because it can include operating costs and long-term maintenance costs. PPBS is about linking planning and budgeting and making the budget reflect objectives, strategies, and plans. Performance budgeting ties budgets to performance objectives. Zero-based budgeting starts from a “zero base,” and every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs.The correct answer is: Capital Improvement Plan

Question 14

As the Planning Director in Dallas, you just completed an update to your comprehensive plan and as a result are now updating the capital improvement program (CIP). The update to the CIP should include which of the following? I. Land acquisitions II. Police cars III. Pavement repairs IV. Concurrency Select one:a. II and III
b. I, II, and III
c. I and IV
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 14

According to “Planning and Urban Design Standards,” a capital improvements program (CIP) is typically a five- to seven-year plan for planning and funding public facilities and infrastructure. It includes both the construction of new facilities and the rehabilitation or replacement of existing capital facilities. A key element is the link between growth in a community and timing of capital investments—also known as concurrency.The correct answer is: I and IV

Question 15

You are responsible for the citizen participation effort around a comprehensive planning process. You placed a required public notice in the local newspaper announcing a public meeting. Only two people attended the meeting. You have received flak from public officials for the failure to solicit public input. Which of the following would have been the most effective in generating citizen participation?a. Prepare a public service announcement that you distribute to local media outlets announcing the meeting
b. Organize a two-day design charrette
c. Develop a multi-faceted participation program including neighborhood meetings, an open house, and other opportunities
d. Place a survey in the local newspaper

Answer 15

Developing a multi-faceted participation program including neighborhood meetings, an open house, and other opportunities would have been the most effective in generating citizen participation.The correct answer is: Develop a multi-faceted participation program including neighborhood meetings, an open house, and other opportunities

Question 16

The Mayor has asked you to lead a group to develop a climate action plan. As a coastal city, the Mayor is particularly concerned about the potential impacts of climate change. You prepare the plan to include which of the following:Select one:a. Energy efficiency measures for public facilities
b. All of these should be included
c. Land use focused on Transit Oriented Development
d. An inventory of emission sources and targets for reduction in greenhouse gases

Answer 16

Climate plans can include a focus on how to reduce vehicle miles traveled (through transit oriented development), reducing energy consumed, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and understanding the sources of greenhouse gases.The correct answer is: All of these should be included

Question 17

Climate resiliency efforts…are among the most well-funded climate change policy interventions.
mitigate the effects of acute and chronic natural hazards and phenomena.
are only accomplished with modifications to infrastructure.
are only palliative.

Answer 17

Climate resiliency measures provide protection against acute hazards like hurricanes and flash floods but can also curb the effects of more long-term natural events like rising sea levels, increasing temperatures, and urban heat island effect. These policy measures can and often do modify the built environment, but they can also occur within social and political systems. For example, climate resilience strategy might increase resident participation in local planning as well as build alternative energy models. Certain resilience strategies, such as the integration of renewable energy infrastructure, are both resilience methods and greenhouse gas emission reduction methods. Lastly, climate resiliency efforts are severely underfunded because most natural hazard funding is reserved for immediate disaster recovery.The correct answer is: mitigate the effects of acute and chronic natural hazards and phenomena.

Question 18

You recently read about a community in Colorado that used a meeting in a box technique where the public was provided with a box filled with discussion questions, popcorn, and paper and pencils to take notes. The idea was to have people get together with neighbors and then mail back their boxes. You want to undertake a similar approach, which will allow you to discuss traffic calming approaches with neighborhood residents in small informal discussions. Which of the following techniques best meets your needs:Select one:a. Focus Group
b. Plebiscite
c. Interview
d. Coffee Klatch

Answer 18

A coffee klatch is a small, informal discussion with a group of people in a private home with light refreshments. The planner typically has a short presentation followed by questions and discussion.The correct answer is: Coffee Klatch

Question 19

What is the function of a Council of Government (CoG) or regional council?Select one:a. A planning organization
b. Technical service provider
c. “Visionary” to its member local governments
d. All of the above

Answer 19

The correct answer is “all of the above.” A COG or regional council is a multi-service entity with state- and locally-defined boundaries that delivers a variety of federal, state, and local programs while carrying out its function as a planning organization, technical assistance provider, and “visionary” to its member local governments.The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following individuals is an ideal first contact to solicit resident input into community planning?a. a resident with a popular social media page
b. a neighborhood improvement committee leader
c. a local journalist
d. any resident; planners should canvass on the streets of their community

Answer 20

A neighborhood political or social leader would have the most comprehensive circle of interested residents at their disposal. Journalistic and social media outreach are both important, but it is best to contact residents directly, and canvassing has a lower yield rate of interested residents than appealing to pre-formed groups. Unaffiliated residents can and should be contacted later in the outreach process.The correct answer is: a neighborhood improvement committee leader

Question 21

As a planner, you are trying to engage community members in a diverse and historically underserved community. The best outreach meeting…a. is only offered virtually for maximum accessibility.
b. is conducted as a walking tour to best learn from local knowledge of place.
c. occurs in dialogue with community members’ needs.
d. prioritizes textbook implementation of planning theory.

Answer 21

The best outreach meeting occurs in dialogue with community members’ needs. Virtual meetings and walking tours are strategies to consider once community member needs are heard, but they are not fitting for every issue or every community. Textbook implementation emphasizes the importance of planning theory, which should be considered, but sometimes, planning theory must be secondary to community needs.The correct answer is: occurs in dialogue with community members’ needs.

Question 22

You have been hired as a rural planner for a county government. One of the small towns in your jurisdiction has a population of 2,400 people and has indicated that they want to undertake a comprehensive plan. Which of the following elements would likely NOT be included in the comprehensive plan?Select one:a. Housing conditions
b. Land use
c. Transportation and circulation
d. Zoning

Answer 22

Zoning
is a part of the implementation of a comprehensive plan, and although
zoning ideally conforms with the plan, it is usually not included as
part of the comprehensive plan. Land use, housing, and
transportation/circulation are common subjects included in a
comprehensive plan.The correct answer is: Zoning

Question 23

You have just been hired as the first city planner for a small but growing city. Your first duty is to develop a comprehensive plan. What is the first thing you should do to get started?Select one:a. Mobilize citizens to join committees to work on the plan.
b. Rewrite the zoning ordinance.
c. Prepare a report to the City Council outlining the planning process and the resources that will be needed to complete the plan.
d. Draft an RFP to hire a consultant to perform the work.

Answer 23

The first step is to get authorization to start the planning process from the elected body and to ensure that adequate resources are available to support the planning process.The correct answer is: Prepare a report to the City Council outlining the planning process and the resources that will be needed to complete the plan.

Question 24

As the Public Participation Manager for a comprehensive plan, you are preparing the final report to be integrated into the plan. Which of the following would be best not to include?Select one:a. The dates that meetings were conducted
b. The names and addresses of those attending the meetings
c. A summary of the comments received at the public meetings
d. A description of how the public comments shaped the plan

Answer 24

Including individual names and addresses is not appropriate in the plan document, because some participants might view their participation as confidential.The correct answer is: The names and addresses of those attending the meetings

Question 25

The City Engineer has recently completed the capital improvement program. In an effort to synchronize development with capital improvements, which of the following regulatory techniques should be implemented?Select one:a. Building permit caps
b. Moratorium
c. Concurrency requirement
d. Large-lot zoning

Answer 25

The correct answer is concurrency. A concurrency requirement means that development cannot occur until capital improvements are in place.The correct answer is: Concurrency requirement

Question 26

Which of the following uses might require a conditional use permit?Select one:a. Apartment building
b. Neither warehouse nor apartment buildings
c. Warehouse
d. Warehouses and apartment buildings

Answer 26

Warehouses and apartment buildings may require a conditional use permit.The correct answer is: Warehouses and apartment buildings

Question 27

You are evaluating a new district plan to determine the extent to which it meets the city’s connectivity goals. You calculate a connectivity index and write in your report:Select one:a. The district plan has a high ratio, but could be reduced by reducing the number of dead-end and cul-de-sac streets.
b. The district plan has a high ratio, indicating that the district is poorly connected.
c. The district plan has a low ratio, indicating that the district is well connected.
d. The district plan has a low ratio, but could be improved by reducing the number of dead-end and cul-de-sac streets.

Answer 27

A roadway connectivity index refers to the density of connections in a road network and the directness of links. A well-connected road has many short links and intersections, with minimal dead ends. As the connectivity increases, travelers have more route options and more direct travel between destinations. There are several methods to calculate ratios: the higher the ratio, the greater the connectivity.The correct answer is: The district plan has a low ratio, but could be improved by reducing the number of dead-end and cul-de-sac streets.

Question 28

Which of the following is the best way to resolve a conflict in the community?Select one:a. Mediation
b. Consensus building
c. A referendum
d. Delphi method

Answer 28

Mediation can be effective when you are working with a large group, but for a community, consensus building is more effective. Consensus building (also called collaborative problem solving or collaboration) is essentially mediation of a conflict which involves many parties. While consensus building is probably most often used in environmental disputes, it is applicable to many other kinds of public policy disputes as well at the community, state, and international levels.The correct answer is: Consensus building

Question 29

You have been asked by the City Manager to prepare the city’s Five-Year Financial Forecast to determine the city’s mid-term fiscal condition. You will use a cost-revenue analysis as the basis of your report. This analysis is based upon which of the following?Select one:a. The effect of cost expenditures on the well-being of the city
b. A set of economic assumptions for both sources of revenue and expected expenditures
c. Anticipated increases in the tax base
d. The costs of providing service and the benefits received by the citizens

Answer 29

Cost-revenue analysis takes into account anticipated revenues and expected expenditures both in capital and recurring sources.The correct answer is: A set of economic assumptions for both sources of revenue and expected expenditures

Question 30

What is the annual rate of interest paid on a bond that a borrower pays to the bondholder?Select one:a. Coupon rate
b. General obligation rate
c. Certificate of obligation rate
d. Bond rate

Answer 30

The coupon rate is the rate of interest for bonds, notes, and other securities.The correct answer is: Coupon rate

Question 31

As the planning director for a large city with a struggling downtown, you have decided to undertake a SmartCode planning process. Which of the following public participation tools would be the most appropriate?Select one:a. Hold a public hearing
b. Host a design charrette
c. Create a downtown newsletter
d. Organize a stakeholder meeting

Answer 31

Explanation: As part of the SmartCode procedures, a design charrette is held to determine the pedestrian sheds, transects, and design guidelines for the planning area. Other techniques could be useful, but the charrette is essential as part of the SmartCode process.The correct answer is: Host a design charrette

Question 32

Local governments lack the authority absent an express delegation of power from the state. This statement best describes which concept?Select one:a. Enabling Legislation
b. Dillon’s Rule
c. Home Rule
d. State’s Rights

Answer 32

Judge Dillon wrote in the book Municipal Corporations (1872) that local governments are subordinate to the state and are authorized to perform only those functions that are explicitly permitted by state legislation.The correct answer is: Dillon’s Rule

Question 33

As the planner for the city of Growthville, the homebuilders association has requested a meeting with you to discuss the city’s development fees, which are being reviewed and could potentially be increased. You consult with the city attorney in advance of the meeting and review with her the planning department’s process of evaluating the fees. Based on the Dolan case, which of the following is the city attorney most likely to find legally defensible?Select one:a. You divide the city into sewer districts and project the population growth and expected land uses for each district. You determine the expected amount and cost of off-site improvements needed to support growth. You determine the proportionate impact of each land use on the sewer system and allocate a portion of the cost on a per unit basis for residential and a per square foot basis for commercial uses.
b. You determine the city-wide cost of sewer improvements needed based on the projected population growth. You determine that instead of paying fees, development projects should dedicate land to support the expansion of sewer infrastructure.
c. You divide the city into sewer districts and project the population growth and expected land uses for each district. You determine the expected amount and cost of on-site and off-site improvements needed to support growth. You determine the proportionate impact of each land use on the sewer system and allocate a portion of the cost on a per unit basis for residential and a per square foot basis for commercial uses.
d. You determine the city-wide cost of sewer improvements needed based on the projected population growth. You decide to increase the residential impact fees by the amount needed to cover the cost of the sewer improvements.

Answer 33

In the Dolan v. City of Tigard case, the court found that the exaction on a property must be roughly proportional in nature and extent to the impact of the proposed land development. Among the answer choices, the best answer is allocating the proportionate impact based on land use for the off-site improvements. Off-site improvements are ones for which only a portion of the impact would be created by individual development, while on-site improvements can typically be fully attributed to the development.The correct answer is: You divide the city into sewer districts and project the population growth and expected land uses for each district. You determine the expected amount and cost of off-site improvements needed to support growth. You determine the proportionate impact of each land use on the sewer system and allocate a portion of the cost on a per unit basis for residential and a per square foot basis for commercial uses.

Question 34

As a result of Dolan v. Tigard, when municipalities impose conditions on land use approvals for individual parcels they must first do all of the following except:Select one:a. Require development impact fees in lieu of land dedication.
b. Avoid requiring dedications that would restrict the property owner’s right to use a portion of the property.
c. Develop findings that quantify the projected impact of the project on public facilities.
d. Develop precise findings.

Answer 34

This case was regarding the takings, but did not state that impact fees are required in lieu of land dedication.The correct answer is: Require development impact fees in lieu of land dedication.

Question 35

Which of the following statements about aging in place is false?a. Due to limited mobility, healthy food options need to be within 0.25 miles of a senior citizen for that individual to not qualify as living in a food desert.
b. Strategies for aging in place often align with the infrastructure needs of physically disabled residents.
c. Affordable housing is a key component of aging in place.
d. Driving retirement occurs, on average, two years before end of life, rendering public transportation only moderately important to aging in place.

Answer 35

Driving retirement occurs, on average, ten years before end of life, so public transportation is hugely important for many aging in place. Additionally, the high costs of car ownership conflict with senior citizens’ often fixed incomes, exacerbating the issue of poor transit options. All other choices are true.The correct answer is: Driving retirement occurs, on average, two years before end of life, rendering public transportation only moderately important to aging in place.

Question 36

Over time land was subdivided in Franklin County. The result is that a landowner became landlocked and has no access to her property. Which of the following would allow a landlocked property owner the ability to obtain an easement?Select one:a. Access easement
b. Inverse condemnation
c. Necessity
d. Squatting

Answer 36

According to the common law doctrine, an easement by necessity is used to allow a landlocked landowner to access a public roadway over another’s private land when no other relief is feasible.The correct answer is: Necessity

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Ebenezer Howard’s Garden Cities?Select one:a. They were surrounded by open space
b. They were to include housing, retail, and industry
c. They included only single-family housing
d. They were connected by railways

Answer 37

Garden cities included a mix of housing types, included duplexes and multi-family units.The correct answer is: They included only single-family housing

Question 38

A major local automotive manufacturer is moving away, resulting in the loss of 5,000 manufacturing jobs. As an economic development strategy it would be appropriate to undertake an analysis of employment in the county, comparing the proportion of basic and non-basic employers. Which of the following types of analysis would be most appropriate?Select one:a. Economic base analysis
b. Shift-share analysis
c. Cost-effectiveness analysis
d. Input-output analysis

Answer 38

Economic base analysis. Economic base analysis looks at basic and non-basic economic activities. Basic activities are those that can be exported, such as automotive manufacturing.The correct answer is: Economic base analysis

Question 39

Why do planners use economic forecasting?Select one:a. To provide a basis for determining land use
b. To determine the budget for the next year
c. To determine capital facilities needs
d. To determine the demand for retail space

Answer 39

Economic forecasting helps to determine the growth in jobs in the community, which translates to demand for commercial business land uses.The correct answer is: To provide a basis for determining land use

Question 40

What is the difference between the use of police power and eminent domain in environmental and land use regulation?Select one:a. Eminent Domain requires just compensation.
b. A redevelopment zone
c. A revitalization zone
d. Hope VI

Answer 40

Taking through eminent domain requires fair and just compensation.The correct answer is: Eminent Domain requires just compensation.

Question 41

Since 1950, annual energy consumption in the United States is:Select one:a. Staying the same
b. Increasing
c. Decreasing

Answer 41

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, annual energy consumption increased dramatically between 1950 and 2000. Since 2000, there has been some leveling off. Of course, it is important to note that U.S. population has more than doubled since 1950.The correct answer is: Increasing

Question 42

Which of the following would be the most effective methodology for conducting an environmental impact statement?Select one:a. Checklists
b. Scoping
c. Networks
d. None of the above

Answer 42

The Scoping Report (including Plan of Study for Ennvironmental Impact Assessment) requires descriptions of the proposed activity, any feasible and reasonable alternatives, the property and the environment that might be affected, and the manner in which the biological, social, economic, and cultural aspects of the environment may be impacted by the proposed activity. The Scoping Report will also detail the public participation process undertaken.The correct answer is: Scoping

Question 43

What is the key component of equity as an essential consideration in planning?a. Reflecting multiple values and preferences where possible
b. Incorporating a robust and diverse community process
c. Valuing and including different perspectives
d. Being fair or impartial

Answer 43

While all of these are necessary components of an equitable, diverse, and inclusive planning process, only “being fair or impartial” defines equity. Equity is all about improving the distribution of resources, funding, or access in a fair or impartial way and understanding how discrimination has created these inequities.The correct answer is: Being fair or impartial

Question 44

Which of the following may constitute a conflict of interest under the AICP Code of Ethics?Select one:a. Owning an interest in property for which you are the planner responsible for reviewing the plat.
b. Exercising independent professional judgment.
c. Accepting a payment for consulting work
d. Not performing work if there is an apparent conflict of interest.

Answer 44

It would be a conflict of interest to review a proposal for which you are the owner. The AICP Code of Ethics states, “We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers.”The correct answer is: Owning an interest in property for which you are the planner responsible for reviewing the plat.

Question 45

As the senior planner, you are leading a university master planning process. You have addressed many issues in the plan, but your biggest remaining challenge is that the campus steering committee does not want to talk about campus crime because they believe this is a political hot button. You are responsible for preparing a report updating the Board of Trustees on the plan progress. Which of the following would you include in your report?Select one:a. Advise the Board that unless they make the steering committee look more seriously at campus crime you will need to withdraw from overseeing the planning work.
b. Advise the Board that there is a lack of public involvement
c. Advise the Board that the plan is making good progress and that you will be seeking advice from the campus safety committee as to ways that the campus can continue to improve on safety.
d. Advise the Board that there is a conflict of interest they should be aware of

Answer 45

You should advise the Trustees that you are reaching out to all key stakeholder groups. With campus safety being just one element of the overall master planThe correct answer is: Advise the Board that the plan is making good progress and that you will be seeking advice from the campus safety committee as to ways that the campus can continue to improve on safety.

Question 46

A disgruntled resident who was denied a variance has done everything in her power to get you fired. She filed complaints with the mayor, made false statements to the media, and is now trying to get your AICP credential revoked. You know you have done nothing wrong. Which of the following would be the least appropriate to do when you are contacted by the Ethics Officer.Select one:a. Respond providing the relevant facts to the Ethics Officer
b. Ask that the case be dropped due to lack of evidence
c. Ignore the inquiry and do not respond to the Ethics Officer
d. Provide relevant documentation that demonstrates that the applicant’s case was treated appropriately

Answer 46

The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall not withhold cooperation or information from the AICP Ethics Officer or the AICP Ethics Committee if a charge of ethical misconduct has been filed against us.”The correct answer is: Ignore the inquiry and do not respond to the Ethics Officer

Question 47

The economic development director and city council are excited that a chemical plant that will employ 300 people wants to move into the city. The plant wants to locate on a vacant parcel along the lake for access to a fresh water supply. The city’s comprehensive plan calls for the vacant land to remain as open space. The company files for a rezoning to industrial. As the current planning division director, you believe that the property should stay as a community amenity. The planning commission ignored your staff report and approved the rezoning. The surrounding neighborhood is now suing over the rezoning. You have been served and will be required to testify. What should you do?Select one:a. Provide all public documents regarding the rezoning.
b. Agree to testify in court regarding your staff report.
c. Meet with the neighborhood group, along with the city attorney, to discuss their concerns.
d. All of these choices are correct

Answer 47

You must provide public records. If called to court, you will need to testify regarding your staff report, and you can meet with the neighborhood group. The key is to limit discussion to what is in the public record and your staff report.The correct answer is: All of these choices are correct

Question 48

For an AICP planner, which of the following would NOT be considered adhering to ethical conduct?Select one:a. Completing competent independent work
b. Obtaining professional continuing education
c. Influencing an election
d. Involving the public in planning processes

Answer 48

Influencing an election would NOT be considered adhering to ethical conduct.The correct answer is: Influencing an election

Question 49

Concerning disclosure of information gained in a professional relationship when there might be a violation of law, which of the following is NOT true?Select one:a. The planner should avoid a confrontation with their employer.
b. The planner should first consider whether it is possible to urge their employer to recognize that the conduct is illegal.
c. The planner should retaliate against the employer.
d. The planner may consider consulting with a personal attorney prior to concluding whether to go public.

Answer 49

Retaliation is never a suitable option.The correct answer is: The planner should retaliate against the employer.

Question 50

For which of the following could the AICP Ethics Officer revoke a member’s certification, after following procedures outlined in the Code of Ethics?Select one:a. A member was called before a court to testify in a court case
b. A member knowingly infringed on the copyright of another person
c. A member fails to pay a traffic ticket and has a warrant out for their arrest
d. A member was involved in a traffic accident that results in the death of a pedestrian

Answer 50

Section E Discipline of Members in the AICP Code of Ethics states “Conduct covered by this section shall include, but not be limited to, a finding in a civil case that the member has engaged in defamation or similar unlawful action, has knowingly infringed the copyright or other intellectual property of another, or has engaged in perjury.”The correct answer is: A member knowingly infringed on the copyright of another person

Question 51

A planner should strive for high standards of professional integrity, proficiency, and knowledge by doing which of the following?Select one:a. Participate in professional development programs.
b. Accurately represent his or her qualifications.
c. Volunteer with organizations in need of planning resources.
d. All of the answers are correct.

Answer 51

All of the above answers are appropriate ways to strive for high standards of professional proficiency.The correct answer is: All of the answers are correct.

Question 52

Which of the following is not included in the AICP Code of Ethics?Select one:a. A planner must pay special attention to the interrelatedness of decisions.
b. A planner must have special concern for the long range consequences of present actions.
c. A planner must strive to provide full, clear, and accurate information planning issues to citizens and governmental decision makers.
d. A planner must strive to protect the integrity of the economy.

Answer 52

Integrity of the economy is not included in the code of ethics.The correct answer is: A planner must strive to protect the integrity of the economy.

Question 53

You are a planner in a mid-sized city and you have an opportunity to invest in a development, but the proposal will come before your agency for approval. What should you do?Select one:a. Place the investment in a family member’s name.
b. Decline the investment opportunity.
c. Make the investment, but let you boss know about the transaction.
d. Remove yourself from the case when it comes before the planning commission.

Answer 53

You do not want to create an appearance of a conflict of interest. Even if you are not responsible for the case, it can appear that there is a conflict of interest. The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers.”The correct answer is: Decline the investment opportunity.

Question 54

You are working at the customer service counter completing paperwork. A developer stops in to discuss a preliminary plat that is being heard by the planning commission at its next meeting. You are responsible for the staff report for this agenda item. It’s 11:55 and the developer invites you to join him for lunch. Based on the AICP Code of Ethics, what should you do?Select one:a. Decline the invitation, letting the developer know that this would certainly be a conflict of interest.
b. Use professional judgment
c. Accept the invitation and allow the developer to pay for your lunch
d. Decline the invitation, but agree to meet in the office through lunch.

Answer 54

Focus on the perceived conflict of interest. The AICP Code of Ethics states “We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers.” Eating lunch could be appropriate if there is a need to discuss the preliminary plat. The planner could for example say that there is a snack bar in the building and they can grab a sandwich and continue their discussion in the building.The correct answer is: Use professional judgment

Question 55

An AICP planner has been diligent in their conduct of their position with a Midwestern county. While driving in a county vehicle to a location for work related to a neighborhood plan, the planner takes their eyes off the road to adjust their stereo. This distraction leads to the planner crashing into a bicyclist and killing them. The planner lies to the Sheriff about how the accident happened. The planner is caught in the lie and is convicted of manslaughter. Which of the following would happen?Select one:a. Their AICP designation would be automatically suspended.
b. They would face judicial action, but not action within AICP.
c. There would be an investigation by the AICP Ethics Officer.
d. The planner would be fired from their position.

Answer 55

Section D of the AICP Code of Ethics calls for automatic suspension of AICP designation upon conviction for a serious crime. The AICP Code states “For purposes of this Policy, the term ‘serious crime’ shall mean any crime that, in the judgment of the Ethics Committee or the Ethics Officer, involves ‘alse swearing, misrepresentation, fraud, failure to file income tax returns or to pay tax, deceit, bribery, extortion, misappropriation, theft, or physical harm to another.”The correct answer is: Their AICP designation would be automatically suspended.

Question 56

Which of the following does NOT constitute a conflict of interest, according to the AICP Code of Ethics?Select one:a. Working for a developer who has a case before your employer
b. Accepting a bribe from a homebuilder
c. Reviewing a rezoning case for a property your brother owns
d. Providing private information about a case to an environmental group

Answer 56

While all of these answers are unethical, providing private information about a case to an environmental group does NOT constitute a conflict of interest according to the AICP Code of Ethics.The correct answer is: Providing private information about a case to an environmental group

Question 57

According to the AICP Code of Ethics, a planner’s responsibility to the profession includes all of the following except which of the following?Select one:a. Moonlighting
b. Participating in professional development programs
c. Mentoring students and new planners
d. Lecturing at area university planning programs

Answer 57

Moonlighting is not a planner’s responsibility.The correct answer is: Moonlighting

Question 58

As an AICP planning manager, you observed a planner on your staff who has violated the AICP code of ethics. What should you do?Select one:a. Terminate the employee
b. Sit down with the employee and discuss the ethics issue, explain that this represents a violation of the AICP Code of Ethics, and explain your reporting obligation.
c. Report the incident to the AICP Ethics Officer
d. Report the incident to the Human Resources Manager

Answer 58

The best course of action is to discuss the matter directly with the employee. As an AICP planner you have an obligation to report the matter to AICP, but this should be done after having a discussion with the planner.The correct answer is: Sit down with the employee and discuss the ethics issue, explain that this represents a violation of the AICP Code of Ethics, and explain your reporting obligation.

Question 59

Three planners worked together for a developer for several years before both joining the planning department in a mid-sized city. The planners are close and play on the same community softball league and go out for happy hour every month. After two years at the department, one of the planners returns to the development firm. How does this change the personal and professional relationship of the planners?Select one:a. This has no impact on their personal and professional relationship.
b. It will change because they would not be able to continue their business relationship, but it would be possible to continue their personal relationship.
c. It will change because the Planning Director will need to make sure that permitting cases from the developer are assigned to him rather than the staff planners who are friends.
d. It will change because they can no longer see each other in social or professional settings.

Answer 59

The AICP Code states “We shall avoid a conflict of interest or even the appearance of a conflict of interest in accepting assignments from clients or employers.” If the planner at the development firm were to submit cases to the city, the Planning Director will need to take responsibility for assignment of cases from the planner with the developer to ensure that the friends do not review the case. Because it is a mid-sized city, it is likely that the Planning Director will have to do the reviews themselves.The correct answer is: It will change because the Planning Director will need to make sure that permitting cases from the developer are assigned to him rather than the staff planners who are friends.

Question 60

Planners face many pressures that challenge honest behavior. Which of the following is an example?Select one:a. A developer asks you to let this one slide.
b. A neighborhood organization asks you to give a talk in the evening about planning processes.
c. Your supervisor asks you to work late to finish a staff report.
d. A co-worker asks you to lunch.

Answer 60

A developer asking you to let one slide is an example of the pressures that challenge honest behavior.The correct answer is: A developer asks you to let this one slide.

Question 61

The city has just put in place a new floor area ratio of 0.5. A developer is interested in developing an office building on a 1/2-acre site. What is the maximum size this office building could be?Select one:a. 5,445 square feet
b. 43,560 square feet
c. 21,780 square feet
d. 10,890 square feet

Answer 61

The lot size is 1/2 an acre, which equals 21,780 square feet (an acre equals 43,560 square feet. An FAR of .5 allows you to build 50% of the lot area. 50% of 21,780 equals 10,890 square feet.The correct answer is:10,890 square feetThe correct answer is: 10,890 square feet

Question 62

Which of the following would best protect and preserve agricultural land?Select one:a. Pass a state Right to Farm law
b. Development of a purchase of development rights program
c. Development of a transfer of development rights program
d. Adoption of an agricultural zoning district

Answer 62

The correct answer is development of a purchase of development rights program. While the other answers would protect agricultural land, a purchase program guarantees that land will be preserved in perpetuity.The correct answer is: Development of a purchase of development rights program

Question 63

In which situation would fiscal impact analysis would be the most appropriate method to use?Select one:a. The city wants to determine the cost of providing service to a new development
b. The city wants to determine the cost of providing services to all residential development
c. The city wants to determine the benefit of public infrastructure development
d. The city wants to determine the benefit of employment generation

Answer 63

Fiscal impact analysis calculates the total cost to the city of new development, as well as the tax revenue that is generated from the development.The correct answer is: The city wants to determine the cost of providing service to a new development

Question 64

What is the primary purpose of a fiscal impact analysis?Select one:a. To assess fiscal effects of new land uses
b. To determine if a project will generate sufficient revenue to defray necessary public service costs
c. To assess the amount of revenue needed to support the current level of service
d. To help jurisdictions determine if adequate sewer capacity exists for a new development

Answer 64

If a particular development or plan will bring more in revenues than it will cost in services, it might help ease local financial burdens and allow the locality to improve services or cut taxes. Conversely, if a development or plan will require service costs that exceed revenues, it could increase pressure to raise taxes, find additional sources of funds, or curtail community services. It is important to understand the fiscal impact of a proposed development on public services.The correct answer is: To determine if a project will generate sufficient revenue to defray necessary public service costs

Question 65

Which of the following flood zones does FEMA designate as a Special Flood Hazard Area?Select one:a. 200-year flood
b. 100-year flood
c. 300-year flood
d. 500-year flood

Answer 65

FEMA Definition: Flood hazard areas identified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map are identified as an Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). SFHAs are defined as areas that will be inundated by the flood event having a 1-percent chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year. The 1-percent annual chance flood is also referred to as the base flood or 100-year flood.The correct answer is: 100-year flood

Question 66

Which of the following would be included as part of food systems planning?Select one:a. All of these answers are correct
b. Developing systematic policies for urban agriculture
c. Incorporating agriculture and other food system elements into comprehensive plans
d. Encouraging the development and implementation of Community Food Assessments (CSA)

Answer 66

All of these can be used as part of food systems planning. This APA White Paper provides more details on food systems planning https://planning-org-uploaded-media.s3.amazonaws.com/legacy_resources/resources/ontheradar/food/pdf/apafoodwhitepaper.pdfThe correct answer is: All of these answers are correct

Question 67

Your city is preparing to undertake a complete rewrite of its development ordinances. You have undertaken a series of case studies to understand new approaches to development regulation. You are preparing a summary to share with the development ordinance writing team. One of the examples you profile is Miami 21. Which of the following does Miami 21 exemplify:Select one:a. Unified development
b. Euclidean zoning
c. Form-based zoning
d. Cumulative zoning

Answer 67

Miami 21 is a form-based code, guided by the tenants of Smart Growth and New UrbanismThe correct answer is: Form-based zoning

Question 68

Golden v. Planning Board of the Town of Ramapo did which of the following:Select one:a. Upheld a zoning ordinance that made issuance of a development permit contingent on the presence of public facilities
b. Repealed an ordinance that placed tighter restrictions on non-commercial signs than on commercial signs
c. Upheld an ordinance that set time, place, and manner restrictions on an adult club
d. Upheld an ordinance that required the dedication of a beachfront easement for public use

Answer 68

The correct answer is upheld a ordinance that made issuance of a development permit contingent on the presence of public facilities. Golden v Ramapo (1972) was the first growth management case to allow the city to control its own growth. The case upheld a growth management system that awarded points to development proposals based on the availability of public utilities, drainage facilities, parks, road access, and firehouses. A proposal would only be approved upon reaching a certain point level. Developers could increase their point total by providing the involved facilities themselves.The correct answer is: Upheld a zoning ordinance that made issuance of a development permit contingent on the presence of public facilities

Question 69

You are working for a land development company that is preparing a site plan for a planned unit development. What is the most important piece of information you need to produce a grading plan?Select one:a. Water pipe sizes
b. Aerial photography
c. Housing location
d. Topography

Answer 69

The correct answer is topography. Topographic information is critical to produce a grading plan. The grading plan illustrates how stormwater will drain off the property.The correct answer is: Topography

Question 70

The city you work for is interested in expanding its carbon sequestration. Which of the following would you recommend be included as part of the green infrastructure plan to achieve this goal? I. Institute a food waste diversion program at all city facilities II. Install permeable pavement in city parking lotsIII. Create an urban forestry programIV. Use rain barrels to collect stormwater at city buildingsSelect one:a. I only
b. II, III, and IV
c. I and III
d. All of these are correct

Answer 70

Planting trees as part of an urban forestry program will result in carbon sequestration. In addition, the diversion of food waste to composting (rather than a landfill) will also result in carbon sequestration.The correct answer is: I and III

Question 71

Working with the redevelopment authority, you are trying to identify potential tenants for a 75,000-square-foot vacant shopping center. Which of the following would be the most suitable anchor?Select one:a. Department Store
b. Discount Store
c. Grocery Store
d. Restaurant

Answer 71

A grocery store would be the most suitable anchor. The average size of grocery stores grew throughout the 2000s and by the end of the decade averaged approximately 48,000 square feet, with 60,000+ stores becoming common by integrating coffee service, pharmacy functions, etc. A restaurant would be much smaller, around 5,000 square feet or smaller. Department stores are larger, around 150,000 or more square feet. And a discount store, such as Walmart, averages 175,000 square feet. The correct answer is: Grocery Store

Question 72

Groundwater is…Select one:a. a supply of freshwater stored in a river.
b. a supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface.
c. a supply of freshwater stored in a lake.
d. a supply of freshwater above the earth’s surface.

Answer 72

Groundwater is a supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface.The correct answer is: a supply of freshwater under the earth’s surface.

Question 73

Which of the following is true of Harland Bartholomew?Select one:a. 19th century planner in the U.K.
b. Wrote the first comprehensive zoning ordinance
c. Advocated for tenant’s rights in East Harlem
d. Wrote a comprehensive plan for St. Louis

Answer 73

Harland Bartholomew had a long career and was responsible for preparing the comprehensive plans for communities across the country.The correct answer is: Wrote a comprehensive plan for St. Louis

Question 74

Who introduced the concept of Satisficing?Select one:a. Charles Lindblom
b. John Friedmann
c. Herbert Simon
d. Amitai Etzioni

Answer 74

Herbert Simon introduced the concept of Satisficing.The correct answer is: Herbert Simon

Question 75

You are preparing to respond to an RFP (request for proposal) to hire a consultant to assist a county with its comprehensive plan. The budget is very tight for the project. You decide to submit a proposal that provides a core plan and then a variety of add-on options. Which of the following would best be considered as an add-on option rather than a part of the core plan?Select one:a. Land Use Plan
b. Demographics
c. Implementation Schedule
d. Historic Preservation

Answer 75

Historic Preservation, while important, would most likely not be considered a core part of the plan. Land use, demographics, and implementation would all be viewed as essential parts of a comprehensive plan.The correct answer is: Historic Preservation

Question 76

Since the 1990s, your community has seen a steady increase in the number of homeless living in camps in your community. The mayor has asked you to form a task force to find a way to get the homeless off the streets before the next winter sets in. In talking with service providers, you learn that the following is one of the key reasons for an increase in homelessness over time:Select one:a. The state won’t mail benefits to people who do not have a permanent address.
b. Housing trusts established to build transitional housing have not been able to keep with the demand for housing.
c. A local manufacturer shut down, and the 100 people employed in the factory have suffered from long-term unemployment.
d. Federal repeal and cuts to programs that assist the poor, including the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program.

Answer 76

The principal cause of the increase in homelessness were cuts in federal aid programs. The AFDC program was replaced with the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families. This program helps only a portion of the families that AFDC reached. The amount paid to persons receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI) has not increased at a rate that keeps up with the cost of living. The SSI payment, which supports the disabled, is less than the average monthly rent for a studio apartment.The correct answer is: Federal repeal and cuts to programs that assist the poor, including the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program.

Question 77

How did the Homestead Act of 1862 influence the development of land in the United States?Select one:a. It enabled urban renewal.
b. It allowed public lands to be sold for a nominal fee.
c. It cleaned up slums in New York.
d. It encouraged landlords to offer lower rents on apartments.

Answer 77

The Homestead Act of 1862 allowed public lands to be sold for a nominal fee.The correct answer is: It allowed public lands to be sold for a nominal fee.

Question 78

The HOPE VI program:I. Represents one of the most ambitious urban redevelopment efforts in the nation’s historyII. Replaced severely distressed public housing projects with redesigned mixed-income housingIII. Transformed the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) approach to housing assistance for the poorIV. Failed to address the many African Americans who continue to live in uninhabitable housinga. I and III
b. I, II, and III
c. All of these are correct.
d. II only

Answer 78

The HOPE VI program was a significant urban redevelopment effort in the U.S. that changed the way that the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) approached housing assistance for the poor. HOPE VI replaced severely distressed public housing projects with redesigned mixed-income housing and provided housing vouchers for residents to seek housing on the private market. However, despite HOPE VI, many Black Americans continue to live in the worst housing projects in uninhabitable units.The correct answer is: All of these are correct.

Question 79

The city’s current high-rise public housing is a mess. Residents do not want to live there because of high crime and a general state of disrepair. You have developed a plan to create mixed-income townhouse developments near the city’s downtown that would accommodate the residents of the existing public housing. Which federal housing program would provide funds to implement this plan?Select one:a. HOME Investment Partnership Program
b. Mortgage and loan insurance provided through the Federal Housing Administration
c. Section 8 certificates
d. HOPE VI

Answer 79

HOPE VI provides funds for physical improvements, management improvements, and social and community services to address public housing resident needs. All of the above are housing programs administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.The correct answer is: HOPE VI

Question 80

The average size of a[n] __________ has grown significantly over the last 30 years.Select one:a. Office tower
b. Street
c. Apartment complex
d. House

Answer 80

The National Association of Homebuilders has found that homes have increased in size. The average American house size has more than doubled since the 1950s; it now stands at 2,349 square feet.The correct answer is: House

Question 81

The Planning Director in a rapidly growing city of 50,000 people is concerned about the affordability of housing. The city has averaged 6 percent growth per year over the last five years. However, the average price of housing has increased more than 10 percent per year. The Director is proposing a program to increase affordable housing. Which of the following would be the most appropriate technique?Select one:a. Encouraging increased development
b. Inclusionary zoning
c. Housing Choice Vouchers
d. Encouraging bonus density

Answer 81

The correct answer is inclusionary zoning. Only inclusionary zoning would actively encourage the development of affordable housing.The correct answer is: Inclusionary zoning

Question 82

Which of the following would you want to include in the infrastructure element of your comprehensive plan?
Select one:a. Water supply/distribution and waste and
stormwater collection
b. Solid waste collection and disposal
c. Transportation systems
d. All of the above

Answer 82

An infrastructure element of a comprehensive plan would include all of these elements.The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 83

This housing reformer was active in the 19th century.Select one:a. Jane Jacobs
b. Robert Olmstead
c. Jacob Riis
d. Jane Addams

Answer 83

In 1899, Jane Addams founded the Hull House in Chicago to provide housing to low-income families.The correct answer is: Jane Addams

Question 84

As part of the economic development plan for its downtown, the city is considering the use of eminent domain. In partnership with your city attorney, you write a memo that includes what concept from the result of the Kelo v. City of New London decision to explain how the city can use eminent domain.Select one:a. Planners can take private property if the property is part of a real estate development project
b. Planners can take properties through eminent domain for the purposes of economic development
c. Eminent domain was strengthened by expanding its use for multiple purposes
d. Eminent domain can be used to advance aesthetic goals in a community

Answer 84

The Kelo decision found that the use of eminent domain for economic development is a valid use of police powers.The correct answer is: Planners can take properties through eminent domain for the purposes of economic development

Question 85

You work for the State Department of Development Services. There has recently been a change in the governorship as a result of the statewide election. Which of the following positions serves at the discretion of the Governor?Select one:a. Site Selection Manager
b. Site Selection Analyst
c. Director of Development Services
d. Economic Development Manager

Answer 85

The Director of Development Services reports directly to the Governor based and serves at the discretion of the Governor. The remainder of the employees listed as potential answers to this question report to someone other than the Governor.The correct answer is: Director of Development Services

Question 86

A customer comes to you to discuss the development review process. In this meeting, the customer shares confidentially that she is considered acquiring a property for the purposes of building a new shopping center, including a Target store. You know that the public would be thrilled to learn about this new development opportunity. A reporter from the local newspaper asks you at a public meeting if there is anything you can share about upcoming developments. What can you say?Select one:a. Disclose the new development. Once an application is submitted in a few weeks this information will be public anyway.
b. Disclose the new development. NNothing said to you can remain confidential.
c. Do not disclose the new development. You were asked to treat this information confidentially and you should honor the request
d. Do not disclose the new development. No formal application or other public document has been submitted.

Answer 86

Because no public document has been submitted and the developer asked you to treat the potential for the development as confidential, you should honor the confidentiality request.The correct answer is: Do not disclose the new development. You were asked to treat this information confidentially and you should honor the request

Question 87

You are the planning director of a grass-roots regional organization that has received a grant from the county to develop a new bicycle corridor plan. Several well organized groups in the community are opposed to the plan as a waste of taxpayer dollars. They have appealed to the County Commission to terminate your plan. You should:Select one:a. Continue the plan as tasked and schedule additional meetings to identify and mitigate issues raised by the opposition.
b. Call the commissioners with a new alternative that would require no public investment.
c. Continue working on the plan with the confidence that opponentss have voiced their concern and still have avenues of redress through the public hearing process.
d. Your role is to prepare the plan, not to deal with public opposition from individual groups. You inform the commissioners of their responsibilities.

Answer 87

Opposition should not be ignored. The best thing to do would be to continue working on the plan while at the same time receiving input from all groups and looking for ways to mitigate issues. It would not be appropriate to call commissioners directly or try to bury or offload opposition.The correct answer is: Continue the plan as tasked and schedule additional meetings to identify and mitigate issues raised by the opposition.

Question 88

You are the Director of Planning for a county. At the next Board of Commissioners meeting, you will be presenting a staff-initiated zoning ordinance amendment that will require design review for redevelopment projects in the downtown area. Which of the following would you not emphasize in your staff report?Select one:a. Design review will help assure a better built environment.
b. Design review will assist developers in designing projects that are acceptable to the community.
c. Design review will provide developers with guidance on the types of materials and architecture that the community deems appropriate.
d. Design review will cost a significant amount of money because of the amount of time staff will spend reviewing each project.

Answer 88

If you wish to support the approval of an ordinance, you would want to emphasize the benefits rather than the costs.The correct answer is: Design review will cost a significant amount of money because of the amount of time staff will spend reviewing each project.

Question 89

You work for a community development corporation and were recently brought on as the new executive director. One of the key things you have heard from the staff of 30 is that people don’t know what is going on or who is doing what. To support enhanced communications, you decide to reorganize the staff. Which of the following organizational structures would work best?Select one:a. Linear
b. Flat
c. Hierarchical
d. Matrix

Answer 89

To enhance communication, a flat organization places more responsibility among individual employees, resulting in greater communication among people in the organization. This is compared to a hierarchical organization where information can sometimes be held at key ranks in the organization.The correct answer is: Flat

Question 90

Your planning commission is concerned that they do not have enough information to make good decisions in their review of site plans. They have asked you to consider modifying the application requirement to provide additional information. You recommend the following:Select one:a. A list of all potential tenants that could locate in the proposed project
b. The addition of an isometric view of the site plan
c. A forecast of revenue for the site
d. The addition of historical ownership information of the site

Answer 90

An isometric view allows for a 3D view of the site plan, providing additional information for the planning commission to consider.The correct answer is: The addition of an isometric view of the site plan

Question 91

Recently developers have been complaining that it is taking too long to get plans reviewed. What should you do?Select one:a. Undertake a Management Audit
b. Create a newsletter for developers
c. Interview staff members
d. Conduct a focus group

Answer 91

A management audit would help to understand if this is a systematic or isolated problem. The manager would then know how long it is taking to process plans. A focus group and interviews with staff members might be more helpful to after a management audit is complete. The correct answer is: Undertake a Management Audit

Question 92

You have recently taken over as the Planning Director for a large city. One of your first steps is to hold a luncheon with customers of the development department. Several problems are mentioned. Current employers have complained that they have a hard time attracting quality employees because they cannot afford to purchase houses. Developers have complained that the permit fees are too expensive and the development process is too long. As the Planning Director of this city, how would you address these complaints?Select one:a. Implement zero based budgeting
b. Conduct a management audit
c. Implement tax increment financing
d. Create enterprise zones

Answer 92

A management audit is used to examine the efficiency and effectiveness of management in carrying out its activities. Areas of auditor interest include the nature and quality of management decisions and operating results. A management audit focuses on results, evaluating the effectiveness and suitability of how an organization conducts business. Enterprise Zones, TIFs, and Zero-based budgeting are not concerned with internal management issues like attracting employees effectively and dealing with the permitting process.The correct answer is: Conduct a management audit

Question 93

Which management technique requires the agency to set clear, specific, and realistic objectives that can be prioritized and measured?Select one:a. MBO
b. Delphi
c. Critical path method
d. MPO

Answer 93

Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are. The Management By Objectives term was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book “The Practice of Management.”The correct answer is: MBO

Question 94

Your staff is feeling overwhelmed and has come to you saying that they are often staying late and are beginning to feel burnt out. What should you do?Select one:a. Undertake an assessment of capacity
b. Democratize data
c. Build an ethical culture
d. Monitor the permit approval process

Answer 94

Undertake an assessment of capacity that will allow you, as the manager, to adjust performance expectations.The correct answer is: Undertake an assessment of capacity

Question 95

The City Manager has informed you, the Planning Director, that the department has customer service problems: the review time for applications is too long, and staff morale is generally low. You decide to undertake a strategic planning process with the staff. Which of the following analyses would be appropriate to use?Select one:a. Environmental Impact Analysis
b. Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats
c. Program Evaluation and Review Technique
d. CPTED

Answer 95

SWOT analysis. Assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats is a critical part of the strategic planning process. EIS stands for environmental impact analysis. PERT is a project management technique. CPTED stands for crime prevention through environmental design.The correct answer is: Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

Question 96

Which of the following accurately describes the zero-based budget?Select one:a. The budget is based on decision packages
b. The budget is based on the previous year’s expenditures
c. The budget is organized by categories
d. The budget is based on projected revenue

Answer 96

Zero-based budgeting assumes that every unit has $0 and then the governing body decides on a series of decision packages that will advance key goals and objectives of the organization.The correct answer is: The budget is based on decision packages

Question 97

Which of the following divisions would characterize a planning agency that is vertically integrated by subject area?Select one:a. Comprehensive planning, site plan review, zoning
b. Transportation, land use, housing
c. Current planning, regulations, information systems
d. Current planning, long range planning, sustainability

Answer 97

Planning agencies might be vertically integrated by subject area (e.g., transportation, land use, housing), which is different from organizing by functional approach (e.g., planning, regulations, information systems, investment, policy). Organization by an agency’s legal status would separate legislative functions (e.g., planning, code writing) from quasi-judicial (e.g., regulatory) and enforcement (e.g., permit administration).The correct answer is: Transportation, land use, housing

Question 98

You have been invited by the planning school in your region to give a lecture on the Land Based Classification Standards (LBCS). You want to make sure that the students have a strong understanding of how these standards aid in creating a consistent understanding across communities. Which of the following do you emphasize in your lecture? I. LBCS emphasizes activities based on observable characterII. LBCS emphasizes site development character in the overall physical developmentIII. LBCS has a five-dimension, nine-color codeIV. LBCS emphasizes the role of the planner in negotiating development schemesSelect one:a. I only
b. I and II
c. I, II, and III
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 98

The Land Based Classification Standards help planners with a model for classifying land uses. LBCS Classifies land uses across five dimensions. For local planning purposes, LBCS calls for classifying land uses in the following dimensions: Activity, Function, Structure Type, Site Development Character, and Ownership.The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Question 99

A local government wants to construct a new city hall but doesn’t have all the money needed. The city decides to have a private sector developer build the building and lease it to the city until it can eventually take ownership. This is known as:Select one:a. General obligation bond financing
b. Revenue bond financing
c. Lease-purchase
d. Pay as you go financing

Answer 99

Lease-purchase is similar to the rent-to-own concept. The government partners with the developer and agrees to make lease payments for a fixed period of time. At the end of the fixed period, the government will own the building.The correct answer is: Lease-purchase

Question 100

Which of the following statements about Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTCs) is false?a. The majority (90 percent) of affordable housing in the United States was funded by LIHTCs.
b. The maximum rent that can be charged in a unit funded by LIHTCs is a percentage of an area’s median income.
c. LIHTCs provide a dollar-for-dollar tax deduction for participants.
d. Unit affordability must be maintained for at least a 15-year compliance period.

Answer 100

LIHTCs provide a dollar-for-dollar tax reduction in a taxpayer’s federal income tax. A tax deduction only provides a reduction in taxable income.The correct answer is: LIHTCs provide a dollar-for-dollar tax deduction for participants.

Question 101

What technique can be used to find the optimum design solution on a project?Select one:a. Critical Path Programming
b. Program Evaluation and Review Technique
c. Zero Based Budget
d. Linear Programming

Answer 101

Linear programming can be used to find the optimum design solution on a project.The correct answer is: Linear Programming

Question 102

Which of the following would not be thought of as being part of a local economy?Select one:a. Major employers
b. Business conditions
c. School enrollment
d. Employment growth

Answer 102

School enrollment is not part of the local economy.The correct answer is: School enrollment

Question 103

In Arcadia, 5 percent of local employment is in automobile manufacturing. In Baton Rouge, 7 percent of local employment is in automobile manufacturing. In Shreveport, 10 percent of the local employment is in automobile manufacturing. Nationally, 7 percent of people are employed in automobile manufacturing. Based on the location quotient method, which of these communities has automobile manufacturing as an export industry?Select one:a. Shreveport
b. New Orleans
c. Baton Rouge
d. Arcadia

Answer 103

The correct answer is Shreveport. To solve a location quotient, divide the local employment in an industry by the national employment in the industry. A location quotient of greater than 1 means that it is an exporting industry. The correct answer is: Shreveport

Question 104

You are trying to reach out to senior citizens in your community to understand whether the existing senior center is meeting the community’s needs. Which of the following would be the most effective way to reach this group?Select one:a. Mail Survey
b. Social Media link to a Survey
c. Email Survey
d. Phone Survey

Answer 104

Those over 65 use the Internet and e-mail in the smallest portions. A phone or mail survey are more likely to reach seniors, but a mail survey is the most likely to reach the resident and to receive a response.The correct answer is: Mail Survey

Question 105

Management by Objectives is a participatory approach to establishing measurable objectives in an organization. Which of the following is NOT true of Management by Objectives?Select one:a. The organization develops a set of decision packages.
b. The organization sets realistic objectives each year.
c. The organization measures progress toward objectives on an annual basis.
d. The organization benefits from clarifying its goals.

Answer 105

Management by Objectives (MBO) is a process of agreeing upon objectives within an organization so that management and employees agree to the objectives and understand what they are.The Management By Objectives process was first popularized by Peter Drucker in 1954 in his book “The Practice of Management.”Decision packages are associated with Zero-Based Zoning.The correct answer is: The organization develops a set of decision packages.

Question 106

When interacting with the media, planners should…a. provide the reporter all planning materials and research as soon as possible.
b. not invite reporters to private meetings.
c. always de-emphasize any conflict between the planning department and stakeholders.
d. interact with media in several ways, such as interviews, letters to the editor, and guest editorials.

Answer 106

There is no prescriptive way to interact with media beyond the basic rules of confidentiality, honesty, and professionalism. Planners should make use of the expansiveness of media options and styles to communicate with the public and share planning knowledge.The correct answer is: interact with media in several ways, such as interviews, letters to the editor, and guest editorials.

Question 107

You are tasked with making a presentation on the state of the housing market in your town. You have data from the past year’s sales. As it happens, the local land bank sold many properties for a token $1 (well below market value) in a neighborhood stabilization effort. Which of the following would be the best statistical summary of the central tendency of the sales prices:Select one:a. the mode
b. the median
c. the range
d. the mean

Answer 107

Given that many properties were sold below market value, the distribution will be dominated by these low value sales and be skewed toward the low end. As a result, the mean will be affected by these outliers. Consequently, the median is a better measure of central tendency. The mode is irrelevant (the price at which most houses were sold) and the range is a measure of spread.The correct answer is: the median

Question 108

Which of the following Supreme Court cases found that a zoning ordinance cannot restrict non-commercial billboards?Select one:a. Costa v. Josey
b. Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego
c. Corpus Christi v. Continental Bus Systems, Inc.
d. Young v. American Mini Theatres

Answer 108

The correct answer is Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego. The Court found that San Diego’s ordinance prohibiting off-premises advertising displays is invalid because it distinguishes between commercial and non-commercial signage.The correct answer is: Metromedia, Inc. v. City of San Diego

Question 109

You have been invited to participate as your city’s representative on the Metropolitan Planning Organization’s transportation improvement program planning process. As the discussions begin there are repeated references to MAP-21. You ask the person next to you and they tell you that MAP-21 stand for?Select one:a. Movable Access for People in the 21st Century
b. Mobility, Accessibility, and Progress in the 21st Century
c. Mobility, Accessibility, and Purpose in the 21st Century
d. Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century

Answer 109

It stands for Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st CenturyThe correct answer is: Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century

Question 110

As the transportation planner for the city of Plannersville, you have identified a roadway that is significantly over capacity. This major arterial runs across multiple jurisdictions. You wish to expand this roadway and turn part of the project into a complete street. You have put together a proposal that is supported by the Plannersville City Council. Your next step is to go to the _______ to have the transportation improvement placed into their transportation improvement program.Select one:a. COG
b. MPO
c. NRA
d. DOT

Answer 110

Your next step is to go to the MPO to have the transportation improvement placed into their transportation improvement program. The Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) is a six-year financial program that describes the schedule for obligating federal funds to state and local projects. The TIP contains funding information for all modes of transportation including roadway projects, as well as transit capital and operating costs.The correct answer is: MPO

Question 111

You have been asked to be a guest speaker at a conference about zoning. The organizers have asked you to speak U.S. Supreme Court cases specifically related to zoning. In addition to Euclid vs. Ambler, what is another case that you would most likely speak about?Select one:a. Eubank v. City of Richmond
b. Rapanos v. United States
c. Welch v. Swasey
d. Nectow v. City of Cambridge

Answer 111

In the Nectow case (1928), the plaintiff sued for a mandatory injunction for a permit to erect a building without regard to the zoning ordinance, which zoned the land residential. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruling, and found that the invasion of the plaintiff’s property right was “serious and highly injurious,” and that the zoning ordinance would not promote the health, safety, convenience, or general welfare of the inhabitants of Cambridge.The correct answer is: Nectow v. City of Cambridge

Question 112

The Supreme Court in Nectow v. City of Cambridge dealt with which of the following issues?Select one:a. Eminent domain
b. Free speech
c. Taking
d. Zoning

Answer 112

The issue in Nectow (1928) was whether the zoning ordinance was constitutional as applied to the Plaintiff’s land. The U.S. Supreme Court found that the zoning ordinance in question made no reasonable sense in placing the Plaintiff’s land in a residential district, reversing a lower court’s decision.The correct answer is: Zoning

Question 113

An increasing number of developers have
been seeking rezonings allowing for increased development. Given the
development pressures, you want to understand how the public will “recapture” a
reasonable share of the increased land value in the form of community benefits.
Which of the following would be the best approach?

Select one:a. Neighborhood based plans focused on evaluating appropriate land uses in each neighborhood
b. Land value capture
c. Overlay Zoning
d. Neighborhood based review of development proposals

Answer 113

Land Value Capture is a method that helps finance public improvements by capturing some of the value that typically accrues to property located near such improvements. In Boston, land value capture is being used to fund infrastructure projects that counter the impacts of climate change.The correct answer is: Land value capture

Question 114

Your organization has been contracted to help determine community preferences regarding a new zoning reform effort. You have already conducted a mail survey, and the survey response rate was sufficient. However, while the survey provided generalized information, you need to gain more comprehensive understanding. Which of the following would be the most effective approach?Select one:a. Undertake a charette
b. Hold a public hearing
c. Conduct a new citizen survey
d. Interview neighborhood organizations

Answer 114

Surveys are good for gaining a generalized understanding of community preferences. For a more comprehensive, in-depth understanding, interviewing neighborhood organizations would be a good approach. Public hearings are unlikely to provide more depth of understanding. Charrettes are aimed at intensive planning and design outcomes.The correct answer is: Interview neighborhood organizations

Question 115

You are a planner who will
be developing a neighborhood plan. Which of the following techniques would be least
appropriate in preparing it?Select one:a. Surveys
b. Focus groups
c. Observation
d. Text mining

Answer 115

Surveys, focus groups and observation are all methods that
would be appropriate in preparing a comprehensive plan.The correct answer is: Text mining

Question 116

Which of the following is NOT true about the 1901 New York State Tenement House Law?Select one:a. Lawrence Veiller led the reform movement.
b. It outlawed dumbbell tenements.
c. It improved living conditions for New York’s poor.
d. It enabled urban renewal.

Answer 116

The 1901 New York State Tenement House Law did not enable urban renewal.The correct answer is: It enabled urban renewal.

Question 117

A 100,000 square foot shopping center is proposed. The zoning code requires one parking space for every 200 square feet of building, and the average size of a parking space is 400 square feet. How much area would be needed for parking?Select one:a. More than 15 acres
b. 10-15 acres
c. Less than 5 acres
d. 5-10 acres

Answer 117

The correct answer is less than 5 acres. Dividing 100,000 by 200 = 500 parking spaces required. Multiplying 500 by 400 square feet = 200,000 square feet needed for parking. That total is divided by the number of square feet in an acre (43,560), equaling 4.59 acres.The correct answer is: Less than 5 acres

Question 118

Which of the following best exemplifies the regionalism movement as espoused by Geddes?Select one:a. Pruitt-Igoe
b. Greenhills, OH
c. Tennessee Valley Authority
d. The White City

Answer 118

Geddes promoted regionals as a form of civic responsibility for the middle ground. It was a source of development to be managed from the center and the Tennessee Valley Authority touted grassroots democracy as it sought to promote regional development.The correct answer is: Tennessee Valley Authority

Question 119

Who was credited with founding the advocacy planning movement, and what was the goal of the movement?a. Paul Davidoff; to create long-term stability within the planning process.
b. Henri Lefebvre; to uplift the working poor within cities.
c. Paul Davidoff; to introduce pluralism into urban planning and represent different groups.
d. Henri Lefebvre; to disentangle urban planning from money and special interest.

Answer 119

The advocacy planning movement, first described by Davidoff in his 1965 article “Advocacy and Pluralism in Planning,” seeks to create a pluralistic planning model. The goal of the advocacy planning process is to understand that each planning decision has different benefits and costs to each of the stakeholders and try to create space for each group of stakeholders.The correct answer is: Paul Davidoff; to introduce pluralism into urban planning and represent different groups.

Question 120

You have been charged with overseeing an eminent domain and redevelopment project. You are in the process of sequencing events so that it is clear which activities need to occur in which sequence to ensure the success of the project and completion before October (when winter weather will set in). Which of the following project management techniques would be most effective in helping you complete this project saving the most time and resources?Select one:a. PERT Network chart
b. Critical Path Method
c. GANTT chart
d. Linear Programming

Answer 120

The Program Evaluation and Review technique is a decision-making tool designed to achieve objectives in which time is a critical factor. This technique is most helpful when time expectations are significant.The correct answer is: PERT Network chart

Question 121

The Planning Commission is responsible for…Select one:a. adopting a comprehensive plan.
b. reviewing variance applications.
c. making the final ruling on appeals.
d. advising the governing body on zoning issues.

Answer 121

The Planning Commission is responsible for advising the governing body on zoning issues. While the planning commission may review a comprehensive plan, they do not have adoption powers. Adoption powers lie with the City Council or other appropriate legislative board (such as County Board of Commissioners).The correct answer is: advising the governing body on zoning issues.

Question 122

You are a planning agency manager and you want to improve your organization’s effectiveness. Which of the following are appropriate strategies to pursue?Select one:a. All of the above
b. Undertake an “efficiency study” to understand how to improve the development review process
c. Monitor employee performance
d. Institute a system that tracks planning applications and the number of days it takes to process them

Answer 122

The operation of a planning organization involves managing the time and resources of the employees and team as well as monitoring contacts between staff members, management, the governing body, stakeholders, and the general public. The planning manager needs to monitor performance while setting goals for the organization and monitoring progress toward the goals. This may involve any of the listed approaches.The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 123

The latest American Community Survey reports that the population of Plannersville has 32,000 people, up from 25,000 a decade ago. Plannerhood is on the east side of Plannersville. Ten years ago, 12% of the population lived in Plannerhood. You know that the current population of Plannerhood is 10,000. You want to figure out what portion of the population Plannerhood should have had based on the previous share of the population and how that has changed over the last decade. Using the step down method, how much bigger is the Plannerhood population than would have been expected over the ten years?Select one:a. 7,000
b. 10,000
c. 3,840
d. 6,160

Answer 123

The expectation is that Plannerhood should have had 12% of 32,000 (3,840 people). We know that Plannerhood has 10,000 people. Subtracting the actual population 10,000 from the expected population 3,840 results in a net population increase of 6,160 over what would be predicted by the step down method. Further explanation: The “up from 25,000” is unnecessary information. The question states that ten years ago the population of Plannerhood was 12% of the population of Plannersville. If that same percentage was maintained over time, then now Plannerhood should be 12% of the current population, or 12% of 32,000, which is 3840. Instead, there are 10,000 people in Plannerhood, so there are 10000 - 3840 = 6160 more people in Plannerhood than based on the share a decade ago.The correct answer is: 6,160

Question 124

As you are beginning the comprehensive plan for the county, you are focused on analyzing demographic change. As the next step, you are preparing population projections. You are evaluating alternative methods for projecting populations. If you had information on the age distribution of the population over time, which of the following would be the most appropriate to consider using:Select one:a. Linear
b. Gompertz
c. Cohort Survival
d. Step Down

Answer 124

The correct answer is: Cohort Survival

Question 125

Environmental advocacy groups are demanding that city representatives undo—and stop perpetuating—decades of unfair policies and practices that have left communities of color and low-income residents overburdened with toxic air pollution and other environmental health hazards. Which of the following recommendations is best to improve the environmental conditions of these communities?a. Hiring a diverse work force for the planning team.
b. Establishing a graduated real estate transfer tax (to generate revenue in a progressive way).
c. Prioritizing more compact, mixed-use development.
d. Making vacant lands an asset.

Answer 125

The prioritization of compact, mixed-use development fosters more affordable housing and connections with public transportation that help address the spatial distribution of noxious land uses and improve the environmental conditions of low-income communities. The other choices are all recommendations better suited for dismantling more general barriers that create inequities by race and income, not environmental racism specifically.The correct answer is: Prioritizing more compact, mixed-use development.

Question 126

You are organizing a public participatory event that disseminates information to local residents about the planning department’s newest venture—a revitalization of a historic downtown commercial district. Your meeting is composed of a technical presentation by members of the Department and a group Q and A. A transcript of the meeting is recorded and saved in an official record. This meeting is an example of a …a. open house
b. public meeting
c. educational event
d. public hearing

Answer 126

A public hearing includes a technical presentation, group Q&A, and a formal transcript.A public meeting is less formal and delineated from other meetings than a public hearing and can take many forms. An open house is less structured and does not involve a formal presentation. Open houses can include a series of less formal presentations or information displays with one-on-one Q&As between members of the planning department and interested residents. An educational event also includes an informational display and a presentation by the planning department to educate the public about a specific topic, but because the goal is education rather than gauging public opinion, there is less dialogue between planners and residents.The correct answer is: public hearing

Question 127

When preparing for a contentious public meeting, planners should…a. personally invite advocates and vocal residents to the meeting to build goodwill.
b. accept questions via verbal communication only to avoid distraction during the meeting.
c. allow community members to speak for as long as they see fit to build trust.
d. cede the floor to community members whenever possible to ensure residents feel heard.

Answer 127

Planners have a responsibility to build and maintain trust and goodwill in the communities they serve, but it is also important to keep public meetings controlled. The incorrect answers to this question risk derailing planning meetings, but the correct choice emphasizes the importance of community members without allowing them complete control of the meeting.The correct answer is: personally invite advocates and vocal residents to the meeting to build goodwill.

Question 128

What do facilitation and mediation have in common as methods for structuring public participation?a. These methods have multiple stages
b. These methods are often used to help resolve conflict outside of court
c. A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion
d. The facilitator is often a trusted community member

Answer 128

This choice is true of both mediation and facilitation, in which the facilitator has no stake in the outcome of the conflict. The other choices are specific to facilitation or mediation, but not both.The correct answer is: A third party with no direct stake in the outcome facilitates the discussion

Question 129

Why are public schools an important consideration when planning for equity?a. All of these are important considerations.
b. Neighborhood quality and real estate prices are often influenced by the quality of local schools.
c. Schools are an important unit for community building.
d. School segregation is a rampant problem in the United States.

Answer 129

As highlighted by the APA’s Planning for Equity Policy Guide, all three choices are important planning considerations. Since 1988, intensely segregated schools (where less than 10 percent of students are white) have increased from 5.7 percent to 18.6 percent of all public schoolsThe correct answer is: All of these are important considerations.

Question 130

Which of the following is not a feature of Radburn, New Jersey?Select one:a. It includes a mix of housing types
b. Front doors open on to a central green space
c. It includes a mix of commercial, residential, and park spaces.
d. It is only accessible by car

Answer 130

Radburn was designed with the car in mind, but it has a regional rail transit station.The correct answer is: It is only accessible by car

Question 131

Which of the following is a reason for selecting a random sample from a large population?Select one:a. To provide an approximation of the characteristics of the population
b. To provide a statistically significant sample
c. To ensure a good response rate
d. To ensure a normal distribution

Answer 131

Random sampling ensures that results obtained from a sample approximate what would have been obtained if the entire population had been measured. The simplest random sample allows all the units in the population to have an equal chance of being selected.The correct answer is: To provide an approximation of the characteristics of the population

Question 132

What is an analysis of the relationship between one or more variables to determine if the factors impact the dependent variable?Select one:a. Range
b. Regression
c. Standard Deviation
d. Correlation

Answer 132

The correct answer is regression. A regression analysis examines the relationship between two or more variables [x] and [y]. For example, a score on the AICP exam is dependent on education, years experience, and number of hours studying.The correct answer is: Regression

Question 133

As the state’s Energy Director, you are undertaking an audit of land use controls in your state that may be encouraging or discouraging renewable energy. You find that the following form of renewable energy is the most regulated by local governments.Select one:a. Geothermal
b. Wind
c. Anaerobic Digestion
d. Solar

Answer 133

Wind energy is the most commonly regulated by local governments. This typically includes setback requirements as well as zoning district categories that allow or prohibit wind turbines. The correct answer is: Wind

Question 134

As the new development director for the Arena District, you have been charged with financing improvements in the district. Your source of funding is a portion of the ticket sales from the arena. Your plan calls for the construction of a mixed-use parking garage that will include retail on the first floor, housing on the second floor, and parking on the four upper decks. Which type of financing would be the best to pay for this project?Select one:a. Tax Increment Financing
b. Revenue Bond
c. Special Assessment
d. Special District

Answer 134

A revenue bond would be the best type of financing to pay for the project. Revenue bonds are municipal bonds that can be used to finance income-producing projects. The bonds are secured by a specified revenue source. The bonds can be issued by any government agency that has a revenue source. The correct answer is: Revenue Bond

Question 135

“No government shall impose or implement a land use regulation in a manner that imposes a substantial burden on the religious exercise of a person, including a religious assembly or institution, unless the government demonstrates that imposition of the burden on that person, assembly, or institution” is part of which of the following acts?Select one:a. Religious Freedom Restoration Act
b. Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
c. American Indian Religious Freedom Act
d. Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act

Answer 135

The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act offers protection against land use regulations that impose a burden on religious exercise. All of the other acts are also related to religion, but predate RLUIPA.The correct answer is: Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act

Question 136

This historic planning figure was the first African-American to serve in the U.S. Cabinet, as the head of the Department of Housing and Urban Development.Select one:a. Robert Weaver
b. Saul Alinsky
c. Jane Jacobs
d. Paul Davidoff

Answer 136

The correct answer is Robert Weaver.The correct answer is: Robert Weaver

Question 137

The Rural Resettlement Act resulted in which of the following :Select one:a. Growth in mortgage backed securities
b. An increase in agricultural education
c. An increase in mortgages with low down payments
d. The establishment of multiple greenbelt cities

Answer 137

Roosevelt established the Rural Resettlement Administration with a goal of moving people off of agriculturally exhausted land and into greenbelt cities. The correct answer is: The establishment of multiple greenbelt cities

Question 138

Sample selection bias can occur when:Select one:a. Two samples are drawn and only one of the samples is used
b. Simple random sampling
c. Samples are small
d. The selection process is influenced by the availability of data.

Answer 138

The selection process is critical to ensuring a statistically valid sample. For example, selecting a convenience sample based on the ease of the availability of data could result in sample selection bias.The correct answer is: The selection process is influenced by the availability of data.

Question 139

The city has been struggling since the economic downturn to fully fund public services. The city has created a task force to explore options for reducing costs. Of particular interest are opportunities to partner on shared services. Which of the following should you recommend as part of the task force report?Select one:a. Parks and green spaces
b. School recreational areas
c. Office space in the new village complex
d. Police or fire services

Answer 139

Communities
and schools have partnered to share school recreational facilities when
school is not operating. School recreation areas maximizes the use of
facilities and shares the cost of maintaining facilities.The correct answer is: School recreational areas

Question 140

Scoping is required as part of what planning process?Select one:a. Preliminary Plat
b. Strategic Planning
c. Delphi Method
d. Environmental Impact Statement

Answer 140

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). Scoping is required in the early stages of preparing an EIS. A scoping meeting introduces the public to the project and the environmental issues.The correct answer is: Environmental Impact Statement

Question 141

As the community development director for your community, you have just completed the consolidated plan process. HUD has approved funding to assist low-income households. You are now able to accept applications for rental assistance. Which federal program provides rental assistance to low-income households?Select one:a. Section 8 Certificates
b. HOME Investment Partnership Act
c. HOPE VI
d. Community Development Block Grants

Answer 141

The correct answer is Section 8 Certificates. The Section 8 housing program provides funds to pay a portion of the rent for low-income households. The amount paid depends on household income. While the HOME program provides for the possibility of rental assistance, Section 8 rental assistance is only possible where market conditions support such use. Therefore, Section 8 is the best answer.The correct answer is: Section 8 Certificates

Question 142

You are assessing the city’s sewage treatment process to determine their effectiveness and capacity for a capital improvements plan. Which of the following types of treatment is the city most likely to undertake?I. Primary TreatmentII. Secondary TreatmentIII. Tertiary TreatmentIV. Quaternary TreatmentSelect one:a. I only
b. I and II
c. I, II, and III
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 142

Sewage flows from a drain into a pipe which then joins a larger sewer pipe in a right of way. This larger pipe then joins a central pipe that leads to a sewage treatment plan. Initially, the sewage is screened to capture larger items, such as plastic containers. It is then sent through a primary, then secondary, then tertiary treatment process before the treated water is released. The correct answer is: I, II, and III

Question 143

Shift-Share analysis
involves which of the following?

Select one:a. Evaluating the performance of an individual industry
b. Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of an industry
c. Evaluating the region’s mix of industries
d. All of these are involved in a shift-share analysis

Answer 143

Shift share can be used for all of these types of evaluations. The analysis starts by determining how much of regional job growth can be attributed to national trends and how much is due to unique regional factors.The correct answer is: All of these are involved in a shift-share analysis

Question 144

Which
of the following is NOT true of Shift-Share Analysis? Select one:a. It evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of a region’s industries
b. It evaluates the performance of specific industries
c. It evaluates the mix of industries
d. It evaluates the national unemployment rate

Answer 144

A shift-share analysis determines what portions of regional economic growth or decline can be attributed to national vs. regional factors. It is not used to evaluate the national unemployment rate.The correct answer is: It evaluates the national unemployment rate

Question 145

Which of the following is a feature of Smart Growth?Select one:a. A variety of housing choices
b. Abundant roadways for vehicles
c. Developing a business park on a greenfield
d. Large lot subdivisions

Answer 145

A variety of housing choices. Smart growth promotes a variety of housing choices to allow people of all income and household types to have a place to live.The correct answer is: A variety of housing choices

Question 146

Which of the following is best represented by the phrase “choice and opportunity for all persons.”a. Spatial Justice
b. Social Justice
c. Just Justice
d. Environmental Justice

Answer 146

Social Justice promotes a just society by challenging injustice and valuing diversityThe correct answer is: Social Justice

Question 147

The city has experienced rapid growth of more than 5% per year over the last six years. You are working with the city attorney to develop a proposal to limit the number of building permits that can be issued each year. Which of the following cases upholds the ability of a city to limit building permits?Select one:a. Construction Industry of Sonoma County v City of Petaluma
b. Nectow v City of Cambridge
c. Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v Inclusive Communities Project, Inc
d. Rapanos v United States

Answer 147

In Construction Industry of Sonoma County v City of Petaluma, the U.S. Court of Appeals upheld the county’s annual quotas on the number of building permits that would be issued in a year.The correct answer is: Construction Industry of Sonoma County v City of Petaluma

Question 148

The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act authorize a board of adjustment to do the following:I. hear and decide appeals from determinations made by local zoning officialsII. grant variances to provide relief from the terms of the zoning ordinanceIII. enact and amend zoning ordinancesIV. develop a comprehensive planSelect one:a. I only
b. I and II
c. I and III
d. I, II, III, and IV

Answer 148

Boards of adjustment are quasi judicial rather than legislative. They do not have the power to enact zoning ordinancesThe correct answer is: I and II

Question 149

The planner for a township is trying to estimate the current population using the known population of the township according to the 2010 Census. He compares this to the population for the county for the same year. The planner then uses the population ratio for 2010 and applies this to the known population to the county for the current year to get a population estimate for the township. This method is known as…Select one:a. Symptomatic
b. Cohort survival
c. Gompertz
d. Step-down

Answer 149

The step-down method applies proportion and uses the population of a larger entity to estimate the population of a smaller entity. Cohort survival uses birth, death and migration rates within age cohorts. Symptomatic estimation calculates the population of an area based on the number of housing units. The Gompertz curve or Gompertz function is a time series mathematical model in which growth is slowest at the start and end of a given time period.The correct answer is: Step-down

Question 150

At the time of the last census, the population of Plannersville was 37,000. Since then, 112 housing units have become vacant, 60 multi-family dwelling units have been demolished, and ten businesses have closed. The average household size is 2.7 people. Using the symptomatic approach, what is the current population of Plannersville?Select one:a. 37,465
b. 37,028
c. 36,535
d. 34,126

Answer 150

The symptomatic approach uses available data such as building permits or water connections to estimate current population. To solve this problem - multiply 112 housing units by 2.7 = 302.4 Then multiply 60 multifamily units by 2.7 = 162. Then add 302.4 + 162 = 464.4, round up to 465 since you can’t have part of a person. Deduct this from 37,000 to arrive at 36,535 for the current population.The correct answer is: 36,535

Question 151

A researcher was studying an area to determine the presence and concentration of an endangered frog species. To obtain an estimate of the population in a large forest, he picked a random point in the forest and a random direction. He went to the random starting point and counted the number of frogs in the forest closest to that point. He then took ten steps in the direction that had been selected at random and counted the number of frogs. He repeated the process of taking ten steps in the same direction and counting the number of frogs until he had counted the number of frogs from 50 walks. What type of sampling plan is this?Select one:a. systematic random sampling
b. simple random sampling
c. stratified random sampling
d. cluster sampling

Answer 151

Systematic random sampling starts by selecting a starting point at random and then selecting a consistent random number from that point. For example, starting at person 434 and then selecting every tenth person from that point on in the phone book to call to participate in a survey.The correct answer is: systematic random sampling

Question 152

What are some of the common ways that cities use Tax Increment Financing (TIF)?I. To fund capital improvements to jump-start development in a specific area.II. To retain existing businesses by investing in infrastructure upgrades or additional services in a district.III. To lower taxes for businesses and residents of a struggling community in perpetuity.IV. To subsidize public schools throughout the city.Select one:a. I and II
b. I, II, III, and IV
c. II and III
d. I and IV

Answer 152

Tax Increment Financing is often used to support the funding of capital improvements in a specific area of a community. This is achieved through capturing the increase in tax value. The correct answer is: I and II

Question 153

You are the senior planner for a medium-sized suburb. As part of your position, you will be conducting a survey about the need for affordable housing. You are considering a telephone survey of 100 citizens. Which of the following is a true statement regarding the survey?Select one:a. The instrument would be less cost effective than a drop-off survey.
b. The instrument is likely to reach the target audience.
c. The sample size is not sufficient.
d. The survey method is probably not the most appropriate method for learning about the need for affordable housing.

Answer 153

For a topic like affordable housing, which can be controversial, a telephone survey might not be able to adequately gauge resident attitudes. You do not have enough information about the survey to assess whether the sample size is sufficient or whether you are reaching the target audience. Telephone surveys tend to be more cost effective than drop-off surveys.The correct answer is: The survey method is probably not the most appropriate method for learning about the need for affordable housing.

Question 154

The 3 Cs of public engagement include coalition building, consensus building, and…a. creativity
b. conflict resolution
c. community organizing
d. changing culture

Answer 154

The APA recognizes 3 Cs of public engagement: Coalition building, Consensus building, and Conflict resolution.The correct answer is: conflict resolution

Question 155

As a transportation planner for the Metropolitan Planning Organization you are presenting to the region’s leaders about the future of transportation. One of the mayors has asked you to talk about driverless cars. In your talk you believe it is most important to mention:Select one:a. Driverless vehicles are in the distant future and could easily be prohibited if a mayor doesn’t want them.
b. For driverless cars to become a reality in the region, cities will need to upgrade their transportation infrastructure to enable the use of the Internet of Things—i.e., for traffic control devices to communicate with driverless vehicles.
c. The introduction of driverless vehicles will generate big data resulting in the need to upgrade information technology systems so that cities can better plan for and make upgrades to transportation systems.
d. Driverless vehicles will need to be enabled by local public safety laws.

Answer 155

For driverless cars to operate effectively, they must be able to communicate with traffic control devices. For example, telling a traffic signal that the vehicle is approaching allows the traffic signal to change. The generation of big data is also a correct answer, and cities will need to upgrade their ICT systems, but the best answer is about traffic control devices.The correct answer is: For driverless cars to become a reality in the region, cities will need to upgrade their transportation infrastructure to enable the use of the Internet of Things—i.e., for traffic control devices to communicate with driverless vehicles.

Question 156

Using an equation that can be rearranged to solve for the missing unknown variable, find the missing unknown variable. Present Value: ? Future Value : $50,000,000 Time: 25 years Interest Rate: 5% Select one:a. 14,765,139
b. 2,500,000
c. 22,725,000
d. 43,750,000

Answer 156

The future value equation is basically another word for compound interest equation:FV = (1 + r)^y PV with the interest r in fractions of 100 (so 5% = 5/100) and y the number of years. The present value is thusPV = FV / (1 + r)^yFV = 50,000,000(1 + r)^y = (1 + 0.05)^25 = 3.38635 …so PV = 50,000,000 / 3.38635 = 14,765,138.58 ~ 14,765,139 (rounding up)$14M is the present value. Present value is the value of an expected income stream as of the date of valuation. The present value is always less than or equal to the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of negative interest rates, when the present value will be less than the future value. Here is a link to a resource to understand and calculate present value http://www.calculatorsoup.com/calculators/financial/present-value-calculator.phpThe correct answer is: 14,765,139

Question 157

Following the U.S. Census Bureau’s delineation of urban area boundaries, you are directed by your supervisor to challenge the delineation because of how it affects program eligibility and funding formulas. You respond to your supervisor that: I. Urban area boundaries do not impact funding formulas II. The Census Bureau does not have an appeal process III. The Census Bureau publishes criteria for delineating urban areas prior to each decennial census, and that is when comments are received IV. You will draft the appeal, which will then need to be approved by the County BoardSelect one:a. IV only
b. II and III
c. II only
d. I only

Answer 157

Program eligibility and funding formulas can be impacted by urban and rural boundaries. However, the Census Bureau does not have an appeal process. Prior to each decennial census, the Census Bureau publishes in the Federal Register proposed criteria for delineating urban areas for public review and comment. The final criteria adopted for application with decennial census and other data to delineate urban areas reflects the comments received through the Federal Register comment process.The correct answer is: II and III

Question 158

A[n] ___________ is an area with at least 2,500 but less than 50,000 people and a population density of 1,000 persons per square mile.Select one:a. Urban cluster
b. Urbanized area
c. Metropolitan statistical area
d. Census block

Answer 158

As defined by the Census Bureau, Urban Clusters (UCs) have at least 2,500 and less than 50,000 people.The correct answer is: Urban cluster

Question 159

The city is hosting a design competition for a riverfront redevelopment. You have recruited an esteemed group of judges. Which of the following criteria should be used in best judging the submissions? I. Degree of conflict between pedestrians and vehicles II. Compatibility of land uses III. Availability of places to rest, observe, and meet IV. Creation of a sense of securitySelect one:a. I, II, and III
b. I, III, and IV
c. All of these should be used in best judging the submissions.
d. I and II

Answer 159

From an urban design perspective, all of these criteria are appropriate to consider.The correct answer is: All of these should be used in best judging the submissions.

Question 160

In the urban design process, what should come first?Select one:a. Draft of alternative design concepts
b. Exploration of circulation patterns
c. Visual survey of the area
d. Identification of green spaces

Answer 160

First visually survey the area, then explore circulation patterns and identify green space before developing design proposals.The correct answer is: Visual survey of the area

Question 161

Which of the following is least associated with an Urban Growth Boundary?Select one:a. Limiting Urban Sprawl
b. Encouraging Infill Development
c. Increasing the Cost of Infrastructure
d. Protecting Agricultural Land

Answer 161

Urban Growth Boundaries do
not necessarily increase the cost of infrastructure. A UGB should decrease the
cost of infrastructure due to an increase in density.The correct answer is: Increasing the Cost of Infrastructure

Question 162

You wish to use a software program that will allow you to create moodels to analyze urban development—considering the interactions between land use, transportation, and public policy on a regional scale. You have evaluated a series of software packages. Which would be the most appropriate?Select one:a. SketchUp
b. UrbanSim
c. Geographic Information System
d. CommunityViz

Answer 162

UrbanSim is an open source urban simulation system to support metropolitan land use, transportation, and environmental planning. For more information see http://www.urbansim.comThe correct answer is: UrbanSim

Question 163

What is UrbanSim?Select one:a. A motorized vehicle that people stand on to move
b. A simulation of urban forests
c. A PlayStation game
d. A software program that simulates urban development

Answer 163

UrbanSim is a simulation modeling software that allows the ability to simulate the impacts of land use and transportation plans from a parcel to metropolitan area. The correct answer is: A software program that simulates urban development

Question 164

Which of the following is NOT true about vested rights?a. Once a building permit has been issued, there is a right to continue with the project regardless of changes in regulation.
b. An existing zoning classification is a vested right.
c. There is a vested right once a substantial financial investment has been made in the property.
d. A nonconforming lot can be developed if the zoning changed after the creation of the lot.

Answer 164

This question is asking which is NOT true. There is not a vested right if a property has an existing zoning classification.The correct answer is: An existing zoning classification is a vested right.

Question 165

Which of the following is a true statement about the Vieux Carré Commission?Select one:a. It was the first building on the National Register of Historic Places.
b. It was the first Planning Commission.
c. It was the first Historic Preservation Commission.
d. It was the first Historic District.

Answer 165

The Vieux Carré, also known as the French Quarter, is the oldest section of the city of New Orleans and is a National Historic Landmark. The Vieux Carré Commission (VCC) protects, preserves, and maintains the distinct architectural, historic character, and zoning integrity of the Vieux Carré.The correct answer is: It was the first Historic Preservation Commission.

Question 166

As a planner working for an affordable housing developer, you are well aware of the legal tangles involved in trying to build low-income multi-family housing in higher-income single-family housing neighborhoods. What legal case would be important to review for instructive lessons about the constitutional issues involved?Select one:a. Penn Central Transportation Co. v. The City of New York, which was about violation of the Fifth Amendment
b. Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corporation, which was about violation of the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment
c. Loretto v. New York Metropolitan Housing Corporation, which was about violation of the First and Fifth Amendments
d. First English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Glendale v. County of Los Angeles, which was about violation of the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 166

The Metropolitan Housing Development Corp. (MHDC) was trying to build racially integrated low-and moderate-income housing, but it needed a zoning change to switch from a single- to a multi-family classification. MHDC challenged Arlington’s denial as racially discriminatory. The U.S. Supreme Court held that MHDC failed to establish Arlington’s racially discriminatory intent or purpose. While indicating that Arlington’s zoning denial may result in a racially disproportionate impact, the court held that the evidence did not show that this was Arlington’s deliberate intention.The correct answer is: Village of Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corporation, which was about violation of the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 167

The visioning process allows for early citizen involvement, impartial leadership, all inclusive citizen participation, and…Select one:a. Heavy media involvement
b. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threatsanalysis
c. A short-term planning mentality
d. Fundraising

Answer 167

Community visioning is a collaborative process of giving the people who live in a place the opportunity to have a say about what they want their community to be like in the future. Strong media involvement is an important part of this process.The correct answer is: Heavy media involvement

Question 168

The Warren County protests were the spark of which movement?a. Black urbanism
b. grassroots urbanism
c. environmental justice
d. Latino urbanism

Answer 168

The environmental justice movement was launched into mainstream media attention in 1982, when predominantly Black residents of Warren County, North Carolina protested a state decision to dispose of toxic PCB waste near the county’s water supply. The over 500 arrests encouraged national efforts against racist siting practices.The correct answer is: environmental justice

Question 169

Which of the following is an example of a wicked problem?a. homelessness
b. street design
c. climate change
d. All of these are examples of a wicked problem.

Answer 169

A wicked problem is defined as a problem with multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests and no easy, single solution. In all of the choices listed here, there exist multiple stakeholders with conflicting interests. In the case of street design, for example, there are pedestrians, drivers, public transit users and operators, storeowners, homeowners, and others who all have different goals. Street design, climate change, and homelessness are all issues with varied stakeholders and different interests.The correct answer is: All of these are examples of a wicked problem.

Question 170

A change to the text of a zoning ordinance is known as a:Select one:a. Zoning Text Amendment
b. Zoning Map Amendment
c. Rezoning
d. Variance

Answer 170

Change to text is a zoning text amendment. A rezoning involves a zoning map amendment.The correct answer is: Zoning Text Amendment